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1.
为了探究泰地罗新在猪体内的药物动力学特征以及口服生物利用度,本试验通过给猪单次口服和静脉注射泰地罗新,来研究泰地罗新在猪体内的药物动力学特征以及生物利用度。试验结果显示,泰地罗新口服在猪体内吸收半衰期(t1/2ka)为1. 057 h,消除半衰期(t1/2β)为80. 9h,达峰时间(Tmax)为2. 10 h,峰浓度(Cmax)为0. 51μg/m L,其吸收快,消除半衰期长,单次口服给药可长时间维持较高的血药浓度,口服给药在猪体内的生物利用度为72. 9%。研究表明,说泰地罗新在猪体内的口服生物利用度较高,在猪体内分布广,口服和静注的消除半衰期无明显差异,较为适合口服给药。  相似文献   

2.
赵森  何斌 《中国兽药杂志》2018,52(11):34-39
为研究泰地罗新在藏香猪体内的药物动力学特征,了解其在藏香猪体内的吸收、分布、转化及排泄规律,为泰地罗新注射液的临床合理用药提供参考。本试验选取8头藏香猪,泰地罗新单剂量注射给药,不同时间点采集藏香猪血液,利用高效液相色谱法测定血浆中药物浓度。结果表明：泰地罗新注射给药(4 mg/kg.bw)后,泰地罗新在藏香猪体内的药-时曲线符合有吸收三室开放模型,其主要药动学参数为：Tmax为0.457±0.143h,Cmax为0.759±0.192 μg/mL,t1/2为120.518±10.181h,AUC为22.224±2.641μg.h/mL。表明泰地罗新注射给药后,在藏香猪体内吸收迅速,消除较为缓慢。  相似文献   

3.
为评价泰地罗新注射液注射液(4%)对猪呼吸道疾病的有效性和安全性,试验选择自然发病、表现典型的呼吸系统疾病症状的130头猪进行治疗效果试验。将患病猪随机分成2组(试验组和对照组),受试组采用泰地罗新注射液(4 mg/kg体重)肌内注射给药,对照组采用氟苯尼考注射液(2 mg/kg体重)肌内注射给药。结果显示:受试组和对照组给药后,对猪呼吸道疾病的有效率分别为86.15%和78.46%,治愈率分别为83.08%和75.38%,死亡率分别为10.77%和16.92%。泰地罗新注射液与氟苯尼考注射液相比,疗效更好,死亡率较低。泰地罗新注射液对自然感染副猪嗜血杆菌和胸膜肺炎放线杆菌等引起的呼吸道疾病具有良好的治疗效果。  相似文献   

4.
为研究泰地罗新注射液在藏系羊体内的药物动力学特征,了解其在藏系羊体内的吸收、分布、转化及排泄规律,为泰地罗新注射液的临床合理用药提供参考,选取8只藏系羊,泰地罗新4 mg/kg体重单剂量肌内注射给药,不同时间点采集藏系羊血液,利用高效液相色谱法测定血浆中药物浓度。结果显示:给药后泰地罗新在藏系羊体内的药-时曲线符合有吸收三室开放模型,其主要药动学参数为:达峰时间(T_(max))为(0.723±0.186)h,最高血药浓度(C_(max))为(0.769±0.231)μg/m L,半衰期(t_(1/2))为(86.525±10.547)h,表观分布容积(Vd)为(15.298±2.564)m L/kg,药时曲线下面积(AUC)为(28.738±3.452)μg·h/m L。结果表明:泰地罗新注射给药后,在藏系羊体内吸收迅速,消除较为缓慢。  相似文献   

5.
将泰地罗新注射液分为高、中、低（8、4、2 mg /kg bw）3个剂量组分别肌肉注射治疗猪传染性胸膜肺炎,同时设默沙东动物保健品有限公司的泰地罗新注射液为对照组,按4mg /kg bw给药,给药一次。结果表明,泰地罗新注射液中（4mg/kg bw）、高（8mg/kg bw）剂量对人工感染传染性胸膜肺炎病猪的有效率和治愈率无显著差异（P＞0.05）,与默沙东动物保健品有限公司生产的泰地罗新注射液推荐剂量（4mg/kg bw）的效果相当。试验结果表明泰地罗新注射液按一次量,每1 kg体重4mg肌注,对猪传染性胸膜肺炎有良好的治疗效果。  相似文献   

6.
为评价泰地罗新注射液的安全性,将40头二元杂交仔猪随机分为4组,每组10头,分别为对照组(生理盐水)、泰地罗新注射液低剂量组(4 mg/kg)、泰地罗新注射液中剂量组(8 mg/kg)和泰地罗新注射液高剂量组(12 mg/kg)。在第0天、第7天和第14天经肌肉注射给药,并在给药前、首次给药后的第7天、第14天和第21天采取仔猪的静脉血后,应用生化分析仪检测静脉血中谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶、总蛋白、白蛋白、白球比和胆红素6种血液生化指标,探究泰地罗新注射液对仔猪肝脏功能的影响。试验结果显示:首次给药后第7天、第14天和第21天,泰地罗新注射液低剂量组(4 mg/kg)的总胆红素含量显著降低;在给药后第21天,泰地罗新注射液低剂量组(4 mg/kg)和泰地罗新注射液中剂量组(8 mg/kg)白蛋白含量显著升高;在给药后第21天,泰地罗新注射液中剂量组(8 mg/kg)的总蛋白含量显著升高;其余各组各项血液生化指标均差异不显著。泰地罗新注射液能够降低仔猪肝脏的氧化损伤,促进仔猪对蛋白质的消化吸收和代谢。  相似文献   

7.
筛选猪温病发热模型的造模方法并确定临床症状评定标准。以呋塞米注射液、脂多糖(LPS)、大肠杆菌菌悬液为致模因素,采用3种不同方法进行造模,即猪耳缘静脉注射呋塞米注射液(0.05 mL/kg BW),再以LPS(0.5μg/kg BW、1.5μg/kg BW)耳缘静脉注射攻毒;猪耳缘静脉注射LPS(1.5μg/kg BW),再以大肠杆菌菌悬液(0.3 mL/kg BW、0.5 mL/kg BW)耳缘静脉注射攻毒;猪耳缘静脉注射大肠杆菌菌悬液(0.3 mL/kg BW、0.2 mL/kg BW)进行攻毒。观测猪直肠温度、呼吸、饮食、精神、呕吐等情况。结果显示,注射呋塞米注射液与不同剂量LPS未制造出猪温病的全部临床症状;同时注射LPS与不同剂量大肠杆菌菌悬液能复制出猪温病模型,但大肠杆菌菌悬液0.5 mL/kg BW剂量组动物存在死亡,且LPS与大肠杆菌菌悬液均有致热之效;注射不同剂量的大肠杆菌菌悬液,剂量为0.3 mL/kg的大肠杆菌菌悬液即能有效复制出猪温病模型。结果提示,猪按0.3 mL/kg BW的剂量,经耳缘静脉单次注射浓度为2×109 cfu/mL的大肠杆...  相似文献   

8.
为研究泰地罗新注射液在藏鸡体内的药物动力学特征,了解其在藏鸡体内的吸收、分布、转化及排泄规律,试验选取藏鸡12羽,泰地罗新单剂量注射给药(4 mg/kg.bw),不同时间点采集藏鸡血液,利用高效液相色谱法测定血浆中药物浓度。结果表明:注射给药后,泰地罗新在藏鸡体内的药-时曲线符合有吸收三室开放模型,其主要药动学参数:T_(max)为(1.727±0.237)h,C_(max)为(0.938±0.121)μg/m L,t_(1/2)为(36.198±2.394)h,AUC为(55.564±3.675)μg·h/m L,V_d为(16.155±2.676)m L/kg,表明泰地罗新注射给药后在藏鸡体内吸收迅速,消除较为缓慢,对新兽药的研发和临床合理使用具有一定的指导意义。  相似文献   

9.
为研究卡洛芬注射液在牛体内的药动学特征,将8头健康牛随机分为两组,每组4头,给药剂量为1.4 mg/kg BW,给药后按设计的采血点采集血样,采用超高液相色谱-串联质谱法(UPLC-MS/MS)测定血浆中卡洛芬的药物浓度,用WinNonlin8.1软件计算药动学参数。结果显示：牛单次皮下注射受试制剂卡洛芬注射液在牛体内主要药动学参数如下：平均最高血药浓度(Cmax)为(17473.30±2398.73)ng·mL-1,平均药时曲线下面积(AUClast)为(1052647.93±143055.37)h·ng·mL-1,平均达峰时间(Tmax)为8.00±2.62 h,平均消除半衰期(T1/2)为55.69±3.25 h;牛单次皮下注射参比制剂卡洛芬注射液的主要药动学参数如下：平均最高血药浓度(Cmax)为(15695.98±4865.73)ng·mL-1,平均药时曲线下面积(AUClast)为(1002858.15±297235.31)h·ng·mL-1,平均达峰时间(Tmax...  相似文献   

10.
目的:研究扑热息痛注射液于家兔大椎穴注射后的药动学特征。方法:健康家兔8只,扑热息痛单剂量(20mg/kg)于大椎穴注射后,在规定时间点采血,HPLC检测血药浓度,DAS药动学软件处理药时数据。结果:药时数据符合一级吸收二室模型(权重=1/C2),主要药动学参数为:Cmax=23.1880±2.4785(mg/l),tpeak=0.5000±0.0000(h),t1/2Ka=0.3821±0.1086(h),t1/2α=2.1260±0.9838(h),t1/2β=10.1621±4.0967,AUC(0-12h)=34.5331±4.181(mg/l.h),Ka=3.7364±1.2723(h),MRT(0-12h)=1.3159±0.0581(h)。结论:扑热息痛于家兔大椎穴注射后,药物迅速达到峰值,血药浓度高,有效血药浓度维持时间长,药物体内分布广泛。  相似文献   

11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。  相似文献   

12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.  相似文献   

13.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

14.
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.  相似文献   

15.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

16.
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.  相似文献   

17.
The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma.  相似文献   

18.
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.  相似文献   

19.
The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.  相似文献   

20.
Comparison of different tests to diagnose feline infectious peritonitis   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
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