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本试验旨在研究不同产地全株玉米青贮的营养价值、瘤胃降解特性以及小肠消化率的差异。选取产自于甘肃(A)、山东(B)、四川(C)、陕西(D)和沈阳(E)5个地区的全株玉米青贮样品,进行常规营养成分和氨基酸组成分析。选用3头体重为550 kg左右、安装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的荷斯坦奶牛,采用尼龙袋法测定5个产地的全株玉米青贮的干物质(DM)、粗蛋白质(CP)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)的瘤胃降解参数以及DM、CP和氨基酸(AA)的小肠消化率。结果表明:不同产地的全株玉米青贮常规营养成分存在差异。5个产地的全株玉米青贮的DM、CP、NDF、ADF瘤胃有效降解率之间存在差异,其高低顺序分别为BEADC、CADBE、BADCE、DACBE。5个产地的全株玉米青贮的DM、CP和各AA小肠消化率之间存在差异,其中DM、CP和总氨基酸(TAA)小肠消化率的高低顺序分别为CADBE、CABDE、ADBCE。由此得出,不同产地的全株玉米青贮的营养成分含量、瘤胃降解参数以及小肠消化率存在较大差异,在全株玉米青贮的使用中应快速准确地测量其中各种营养成分的含量,以便更有效地利用饲料资源,避免浪费。 相似文献
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《中国草食动物科学》2016,(4)
研究旨在探索青贮马铃薯渣的营养成分及其瘤胃降解率,为肉羊养殖饲料的选取提供一定的理论依据。以青贮马铃薯渣为对象通过尼龙袋法研究其瘤胃降解特性。结果表明:青贮马铃薯干物质(DM)、有机物(OM)、粗蛋白(CP)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)的降解率随着时间的增加逐渐增大,DM、OM、CP、NDF、ADF的瘤胃有效降解率分别为58.58%、62.17%、55.45%、39.67%、41.92%,DM和CP的瘤胃有效降解率显著高于NDF和ADF。说明青贮马铃薯营养成分丰富且降解率较高,可在肉羊养殖中作为较好的粗饲料广泛利用。 相似文献
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《中国畜牧杂志》2015,(9)
试验旨在研究山东省羊常用粗饲料中粗蛋白的瘤胃降解特性和小肠降解特性。测定山东省17个地市10种羊常用粗饲料109个样本的常规养分含量,运用尼龙袋法测定粗饲料干物质(DM)、粗蛋白(CP)的48 h瘤胃降解率和瘤胃非降解蛋白(RUP),用改进体外三步法测定DM和RUP小肠消化率及小肠可消化蛋白(uCP)。最终建立山东省羊常用粗饲料瘤胃降解率、小肠消化率、RUP及uCP与常规养分间的预测模型。结果表明:苜蓿和黑麦草(冬牧70)的瘤胃降解率和小肠消化率均较高,除地瓜秧和花生秧外,秸秆类饲料的瘤胃降解率和小肠消化率普遍较低,粗饲料DM、CP的瘤胃降解率和瘤胃降解残渣的DM、RUP小肠消化率及RUP和uCP含量均受到饲料中粗蛋白和纤维物质含量的影响,即与CP含量呈正相关,与中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)含量呈负相关;粗饲料原料的DM瘤胃降解率与CP瘤胃降解率间存在正相关关系。由此可见,利用粗饲料的常规养分可预测其DM和CP的瘤胃降解率、DM和RUP小肠消化率、RUP和uCP含量。 相似文献
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《中国草食动物科学》2017,(4)
为了研究玉米秸秆、山药蔓、醋糟和秕谷4种粗饲料的营养成分及在肉羊瘤胃中的降解特性,选用3只体况相近且安装永久瘤胃瘘管的杜寒杂种成年竭羊,采用尼龙袋法测定这些粗饲料的干物质(DM)、有机物(OM)、粗蛋白质(CP)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)的含量及其瘤胃降解参数。结果表明:醋糟的CP、EE及消化能(DE)、代谢能(ME)、增重净能(NEg)均高于其他3种粗饲料,而其CF、NDF、ADF含量最低。4种粗饲料各营养成分的瘤胃降解率随滞留时间的增加而增加,最终趋于稳定。醋糟的DM、CP、OM、NDF和ADF的有效降解率均显著高于其他3种粗饲料(P0.05),说明醋糟较其他3种粗饲料作为肉羊粗饲料相对饲用价值更高。 相似文献
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为了进一步了解我国西部地区玉米青贮在肉用绵羊瘤胃内的降解特性,试验选择了内蒙古、新疆的不同地区玉米青贮,并用尼龙袋法测定其中的干物质(DM)、粗蛋白(CP)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)等营养成分在肉用绵羊瘤胃内的有效降解率,以期为提高玉米青贮在我国西部地区肉用绵羊生产中的利用率提供一定的参考依据。试验结果表明,新疆地区玉米青贮的营养价值高于内蒙古地区,且DM、CP、NDF、ADF的有效降解率都高于内蒙古地区,证明新疆地区的玉米青贮要比内蒙古地区的更易于在肉用绵羊瘤胃内降解消化。 相似文献
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《饲料研究》2016,(2)
研究以3头安装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的锦江黄牛为试验动物,采用尼龙袋法对油菜秸的瘤胃降解特性进行研究。结果表明,油菜秸干物质(DM)、有机物(OM)、粗蛋白(CP)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF),含量分别为89.00%、81.84%、6.45%、51.51%和33.88%;各营养成分瘤胃动态降解率为dp(DM)=27.60+23.32×(1-e~(-0.09t)),dp(OM)=24.41+24.70×(1-e~(-0.09t)),dp(CP)=33.05+54.29×(1-e~(-0.13t)),dp(NDF)=7.18+19.63×(1-e~(-0.03t)),dp(ADF)=5.30+12.80×(1-e~(-0.01t));瘤胃有效降解率为DM46.83%、OM44.78%、CP80.28%、NDF19.19%和ADF11.82%。 相似文献
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为探究三种马铃薯秧瘤胃降解特性,试验开展了风干马铃薯秧(试验1组)、单贮马铃薯秧(试验2组)、马铃薯秧-全株玉米混贮(试验3组)常规营养成分评定,并选择4头装有永久性瘤胃瘘管牛,采用尼龙袋法评定三种马铃薯秧饲料干物质(DM)、有机物(OM)、粗蛋白(CP)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)瘤胃降解率。结果表明:①常规营养成分评定以试验2组CP含量最高,试验3组次之,试验2组、试验3组CP均极显著高于试验1组(P0.01),但试验2、3组CP无显著差异(P0.05);粗脂肪(EE)含量以试验3组最高,而粗纤维(CF)、NDF、ADF、木质素(ADL)均以试验3组最低,各试验组粗灰分(Ash)、磷(P)、无氮浸出物(NFE)无显著差异(P0.05);在龙葵素含量测定中,除试验3组龙葵素含量符合毒素脱除水平(100 mg/kg DM),其他两组均超出龙葵素毒素脱除的要求。②瘤胃降解试验中,各试验组DM、OM、CP、NDF、ADF瘤胃实时降解率变化趋势不同,但总体而言,在6 h、12 h时DM、OM、CP、NDF、ADF瘤胃降解率及有效降解率均为试验3组试验2组试验1组。由此可见,马铃薯秧-全株玉米混合青贮因较高的CP、低纤维,龙葵素含量达到毒素脱毒水平,且DM、OM、CP、NDF、ADF有效降解率均为最优,是马铃薯秧资源化利用的理想处理方式。 相似文献
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虎尾草不同生育期营养成分及其在瘤胃的降解规律 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
掌握草地优势牧草营养动态变化规律,对于改善和调控家畜的营养状况,提高草地生产力,发展我国北方草地畜牧业有重要的意义。试验选用3只安装有瘤胃瘘管的乌珠穆沁绵羊(Ujumqin),采用尼龙袋法评定松嫩平原农牧交错区不同生育期虎尾草(Chloris virgata)其干物质(DM)、粗灰分(Ash)、粗蛋白(CP)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)的变化规律及其在瘤胃内的降解特性。结果表明:不同生育期虎尾草的Ash,CP,NDF,ADF含量差异显著(P0.05)或极显著(P0.01),Ash和CP含量随着生育期的延长而逐渐降低,NDF和ADF含量则呈逐渐增加趋势;随着生育期的递进,虎尾草各营养成分在绵羊瘤胃内的快速降解组分以及有效降解率呈下降趋势,DM和OM的有效降解率接近,且在同一生育期内(除干枯期外),ADF的快速降解组分和有效降解率均高于NDF。综合考虑虎尾草各生育期所含的营养成分以及在瘤胃内的降解能力,建议虎尾草在抽穗至开花期间进行刈割利用,具有较高的营养价值。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献