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大肠杆菌是引起幼畜腹泻的主要病因之一,尤以初生幼畜特别易感,并可导致生长发育迟缓,生产能力低下,甚至造成死亡,给畜牧业的发展造成重大损失.按目前国际上的分类,大肠杆菌大致有6种致病型,包括肠产毒性大肠杆菌(enterotoxigenic E.coli,ETEC)、肠致病性大肠杆菌(enteropathogenic E.coil,EPEC)、肠出血性大肠杆菌(enterohaemrrhagic E.coli,EHEC)、肠侵袭性大肠杆菌(enteroinvasive E.coli,EIEC)、肠聚集性大肠杆菌(enteroaggregadve E.coli,EAggEC)和弥散性黏附大肠杆菌(difuse adherence E.coil,DAEC). 相似文献
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刘瑞田 《中国预防兽医学报》1992,(3)
大肠杆菌为肠道中最常见的一类细菌。依据它的致病性大致可分为:肠致病性大肠杆菌(Enter-opathogenic E.coli,EPEC),侵袭性大肠杆菌(Enteroinvasive E.eoli,EiEC)、产毒素性大肠杆菌(Enterotoxigenic E.coli,ETEC)及大肠埃希氏菌(E.coli)。其中ETEC可产生不耐热性肠毒 相似文献
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大肠杆菌是引起幼畜腹泻的主要病因之一．尤以初生幼畜特别易感,并可导致生长发育迟缓,生产能力低下,甚至造成死亡．给畜牧业的发展造成重大损失。按目前国际上的分类．大肠杆菌大致有6种致病型,包括肠产毒性大肠杆菌（enterotoxigenic E．coli,ETEC）、肠致病性大肠杆菌（enteropathogenic E．coli,EPEC）、 相似文献
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肠侵袭性大肠杆菌（Enteroinvasive E.coli,EIEC）是引起较大儿童和成年人腹泻的重要病原菌,对人类的公共健康造成严重的危害。本文就肠侵袭性大肠杆菌引起的腹泻机制、粘附素系统、III型分泌因子和毒力岛等致病因子的研究进展作一综述。 相似文献
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大肠杆菌的致病性可分为产肠毒素性大肠杆菌(ETEC),肠道致病性大肠杆菌(EPEC),肠道侵袭性大肠杆菌(EIEC)和肠道出血性大肠杆菌四大类。其中ETEC是引起幼畜腹泻的主要病原体,它的致病性取决于ETEC在宿主小肠上皮细胞上定居的能力和产生肠毒素的能力,两者缺一不可。ETEC定居于小肠上皮细胞能力是因为具有定居因子或称为粘着素,现已发现的动物源性粘着素主要为K_(99),K_(88),F_(41),987P。另外,ETEC还能 相似文献
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致犊牛腹泻产肠毒素大肠杆菌及其检测 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
大肠杆菌是动物肠道中的正常菌群之一,可以分为致病性和非致病性两大类。在通常情况下,大肠杆菌并不引起疾病,因此人们最初认为大肠杆菌是动物肠道中的正常菌群。直到1885年Escherich首次从婴儿腹泻物中分离出大肠杆菌后,才开始认识到其致病性。致泻性大肠杆菌是引起人畜腹泻的致病性大肠杆菌的通称,主要包括肠致病性大肠杆菌(EPEC),肠出血性大肠杆菌(EH EC),肠侵袭性大肠杆菌(EIEG)和肠产毒性大肠杆菌(ETEC)。而肠毒素型大肠杆菌(En-terotoxigenic E.coli,ETEC)是引起婴幼儿、哺乳动物腹泻的重要病原菌是目前研究的热点之一。ET… 相似文献
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许崇波 《上海畜牧兽医通讯》1993,(2):12-14
大肠杆菌是肠道中最常见的一类细菌,依据它的致病性可分为产毒素性大肠杆菌(ETEC)、肠道致病性大肠杆菌(EPEC)、侵袭性大肠杆菌(EIEC)、出血性大肠杆菌(ETEC)、尿道致病性大肠杆菌(UPEC)五大类。其中EHEC是引起幼畜腹泻的主要病原体,它的致病性取决于ETEC在宿主小肠上皮细胞上定居的能力和产生肠毒素的能力,两者缺一不可。ETEC定居于小肠上皮细胞能力是因为具有定居因子(或称为粘着 相似文献
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仔猪腹泻致病性大肠杆菌分型鉴定及耐药性分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为了解贵州省规模化养猪场腹泻仔猪致病性大肠杆菌流行情况及耐药性变化,本研究运用凝集试验、PCR和药敏纸片琼脂扩散法等方法对分离的78株致病性大肠杆菌进行血清型、毒力基因及耐药性分析。结果显示,78株致病性大肠杆菌以O138、O87血清型为主,占定型菌株的60.8%;其中62株致病性大肠杆菌检出毒力基因,检出率为79.5%,可分为8种毒力基因类型,分属肠致病性大肠杆菌（EPEC）、肠产毒性大肠杆菌（ETEC）和肠聚集性大肠杆菌（EAEC）,毒力基因eaeA、elt和escV检出率较高,分别为38.5%、28.2%和21.8%;分离到的致病性大肠杆菌对β-内酰胺类药物高度耐药,均为多重耐药株,耐药种类可达8种以上。结果表明,当前贵州省规模化养猪场腹泻仔猪致病性大肠杆菌的毒力基因检出率较高且基因型复杂,耐药性严重。本试验结果可为规模化养猪场防控仔猪腹泻提供基础资料及理论依据。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献