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选取18只BALB/c小鼠进行旋毛虫灌胃,以灌胃前1d作为时间起点,于第0、1、7、14、28天分别收集小鼠粪便,同期选取12只同种小鼠作为对照。采用实时荧光定量PCR(RT-PCR)法对小鼠粪便中双歧杆菌、乳杆菌、肠球菌、梭菌、拟杆菌、直肠真杆菌、柔嫩梭菌以及脱硫弧杆菌进行定量检测。结果显示,双歧杆菌数量在第7、14、28天均显著低于对照组(P<0.01),第1天无变化;乳杆菌第7、14、28天低于对照组(P<0.05),第1天无变化;肠球菌与梭菌在第7、14、28天均高于对照组(P<0.05),第1天无变化;拟杆菌、直肠真杆菌、柔内梭菌以及脱硫弧杆菌均无明显变化(P>0.05)。结果表明,旋毛虫感染可引起小鼠肠道菌群变化,从而引起小鼠肠道菌群失调。 相似文献
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试验旨在研究3种乳酸菌对蛋雏鸡盲肠微生物的影响。选取1日龄体重相近的健康罗曼褐蛋公雏432只,随机分成A、B、C、D 4个组,每组6个重复,每个重复18只鸡。A组为对照组,饲喂基础饲粮;B、C、D组为试验组,饲喂基础饲粮另分别添加粪肠球菌制剂、嗜酸乳杆菌制剂和乳双歧杆菌制剂(添加量均为:1×107cfu/g),试验期为42 d。试验结束后,每个处理组随机取6只鸡(每重复1只,共24只),收集盲肠食糜样,并应用Illumina-Mi Seq高通量测序技术分析微生物群落结构和组成的变化。结果表明:不同处理组间雏鸡盲肠菌群均以厚壁菌门、拟杆菌门及变形菌门3种为主。与对照组相比,试验组Faecalibacterium菌属的相对含量升高,而梭菌属、链球菌属、埃希氏菌属/志贺氏菌属等潜在致病性菌属的相对含量不同程度降低。从α多样性上看,粪肠球菌和乳双歧杆菌制剂组盲肠微生物丰度指数下降,而嗜酸乳杆菌制剂组丰度指数上升。同时,3种乳酸菌组多样性指数均下降。从β多样性上看,添加乳酸菌可使盲肠菌群差异变大,与对照组相比,粪肠球菌和乳双歧杆菌制剂组差异性大于嗜酸乳杆菌制剂组。由此可见,乳酸菌可改变蛋雏鸡盲肠菌群结构;添加乳酸菌一定程度上可促进有益菌生长,而抑制有害菌增殖;粪肠球菌和乳双歧杆菌添加效果优于嗜酸乳杆菌制剂。 相似文献
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为探索"优力乐"对雏鸡肠道微生物菌群的影响,选择雏鸡400只,随机均分为4组,即对照组、试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅲ组,对照组不使用任何微生态制剂,试验组分别饲喂"优力乐"0.005%、0.01%、0.03%,1日龄开始饲喂至56日龄结束,并对雏鸡肠道内容物进行细菌分离鉴定。结果:共分离出包括有害菌在内的8种细菌,优势菌为乳杆菌∶拟杆菌∶消化球菌∶双歧杆菌∶肠球菌=30∶25∶30∶40∶23。试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅲ组与对照组相比大肠杆菌数量显著降低(P0.05),双歧杆菌、拟杆菌、消化球菌及肠球菌显著升高(P0.05),说明"优力乐"可以抑制大肠杆菌及其它有害菌的生长,使雏鸡消化道正常菌群迅速建立。试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅲ组中无革兰氏阴性有害菌,各种微生物数量无显著差异(P0.05),从经济效益考虑,生产实践中可使用0.01%"优力乐"。 相似文献
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《中国家禽》2017,(21)
为研究饲喂粪肠球菌对蛋鸡粪便和鸡舍空气中细菌群落结构特征的影响,试验选取1 512只蛋鸡,随机分成2组,其中对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中添加粪肠球菌。采用Illumina高通量测序技术分析粪便和鸡舍空气中的细菌群落结构特征。结果显示,饲喂粪肠球菌的试验组与对照组粪便及鸡舍空气中细菌多样性无显著性差异(P0.05);厚壁菌门在所有粪便和空气样品中相对丰度最高,介于51.23%~78.34%之间,而且试验组粪便和鸡舍空气中厚壁菌门的相对丰度均显著高于对照组(P0.05);试验组粪便和鸡舍空气中变形菌门相对丰度显著低于对照组(P0.05)。结果表明,饲喂粪肠球菌可使粪便和鸡舍空气中有益微生物乳杆菌属相对丰度显著增加(P0.05),条件致病菌不动杆菌属相对丰度显著降低(P0.05),这对于养殖对象和饲养工人健康以及周边生态环境都具有有益作用。 相似文献
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《江西畜牧兽医杂志》2015,(1)
主要研究微生态制剂优力乐对雏鸡肠道微生物菌群的影响。试验共分4组,对照组、试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅲ组,对照组不使用任何微生态制剂,试验组分别饲喂优力乐0.005%、0.01%、0.03%,试验期为56 d,雏鸡从1日龄开始饲喂至56日龄结束,并对雏鸡肠道内容物进行了细菌分离鉴定,共分离出包括有害菌在内的8种细菌。其优势菌比例为乳杆菌∶拟杆菌∶消化球菌∶双歧杆菌∶肠球菌=30∶25∶30∶40∶23。试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅲ组与对照组相比大肠杆菌数量显著降低(P0.05),双歧杆菌、拟杆菌、消化球菌及肠球菌显著升高(P0.05)。同时本试验对免疫器官进行了检测,使用微生态制剂"优力乐"可使雏鸡免疫器官明显增大,试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅲ组中无革兰氏阴性有害菌,各种微生物数量无显著差异(P0.05),从经济效益考虑,建议使用试验Ⅱ组的饲喂剂量,即按0.01%的比例添加到饲料中。 相似文献
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试验旨在研究饲粮中添加丁酸梭菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、地衣芽孢杆菌、丁酸梭菌与地衣芽孢杆菌配伍（复合菌）、粪肠球菌对白羽肉鸡生长性能及养殖效益的影响。选用平均体重42 g左右的1日龄健康AA+白羽肉鸡1 360只，随机分成10组，试验组和对照组各5组。对照组饲喂基础饲粮，试验组在基础饲粮中分别添加400 g/t丁酸梭菌制剂、1 000 g/t枯草芽孢杆菌制剂、1 000 g/t地衣芽孢杆菌制剂、400 g/t丁酸梭菌制剂+1 000 g/t地衣芽孢杆菌制剂、1 000 g/t粪肠球菌制剂。试验期43 d。结果表明：(1)与对照组相比，添加丁酸梭菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、地衣芽孢杆菌、复合菌能显著提高末重、平均日增重（P<0.05），显著降低料重比（P<0.05）；添加粪肠球菌降低末重、平均日增重（P>0.05），增加料重比（P>0.05）。(2)与对照组相比，添加丁酸梭菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、地衣芽孢杆菌、复合菌能提高白羽肉鸡毛利润，其增加值为枯草芽孢杆菌组>复合菌组>丁酸梭菌组>地衣芽孢杆菌组>粪肠球菌组。综上所述，饲粮中添加丁酸梭菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、地衣芽孢... 相似文献
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本试验旨在探讨抗性淀粉(RS)对饮食诱导肥胖(DIO)大鼠排便状况及肠道菌群的影响,为合理利用RS提供依据。选用100只健康雄性SD大鼠,随机分为2组,对照组10只饲喂基础饲粮,高脂组(HF组)90只饲喂高脂饲粮,7周后根据体重从HF组筛选出DIO大鼠27只,随机分为3组,每组9只,分别为HF组(饲喂高脂饲粮)、高脂饲粮抗性淀粉组(HFRS组,饲喂含10%RS的高脂饲粮)、高脂饲粮抗性淀粉+硫酸葡聚糖(DS)组(HFRS+DS组,饲喂含10%RS的高脂饲粮),试验期间HFRS+DS组每天用5%DS 1 m L灌胃,其他组分别用蒸馏水1 m L灌胃,试验期5周。于第7、12周收集新鲜成形大便1 g,稀释后用选择性培养基进行肠球菌、肠杆菌、双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌、类杆菌检测并计数菌落总数。结果表明:1)试验第7周时,与对照组相比,HF组大鼠粪便湿重、粪便含水率以及粪样中肠球菌、双歧杆菌、乳酸菌、类杆菌数量显著降低(P0.05),粪便颗粒数、粪样中肠杆菌数量显著升高(P0.05)。2)试验第12周时,与对照组相比,HF组DIO大鼠粪便湿重、粪便含水率以及粪样中肠球菌、双歧杆菌、乳酸菌、类杆菌数量显著降低(P0.05),粪便颗粒数、粪样中肠杆菌数量显著升高(P0.05);与HF组相比,HFRS组DIO大鼠粪便湿重、粪便干重、粪便含水率以及粪样中肠球菌、双歧杆菌、乳酸菌、类杆菌数量均显著升高(P0.05),粪便颗粒数、粪样中肠杆菌数量显著降低(P0.05);与HFRS组相比,HFRS+DS组DIO大鼠粪便湿重、粪便含水率以及粪样中双歧杆菌、乳酸菌、类杆菌数量显著降低(P0.05),粪样中肠杆菌、肠球菌数量显著增加(P0.05)。由此可见,本试验条件下,RS可改善DIO大鼠排便状况和高脂饲粮造成的肠道菌群紊乱。 相似文献
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《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2017,(19)
为了研究ST酿酒酵母基因工程菌对大鼠肠道菌群的影响,试验将90只SPF级SD大鼠随机分为空白对照组、工程菌组及酵母菌组,分别灌服生理盐水、工程菌菌液、酿酒酵母菌菌液,持续21 d后连续3 d灌服大肠杆菌H10407菌液,分别收集灌胃7,14,21天及攻毒后的各组大鼠粪便,提取粪便细菌DNA,利用末端限制性片段长度多态性(T-RFLP)、实时荧光定量PCR检测了ST酿酒酵母基因工程菌对肠道菌群微生物可操作单元(OTU)和肠道5种重要细菌(类杆菌、梭菌、肠球菌、双歧杆菌和乳杆菌)数量的变化,并测定了肠道菌群pH值。结果表明:在灌胃期间,工程菌组及酵母菌组的OTU值和双歧杆菌、梭菌数量极显著高于空白对照组(P0.01),其他细菌数量均不同程度升高。各组pH值均呈现下降趋势,第21天时,工程菌组及酵母菌组pH值极显著低于空白对照组(P0.01)。攻毒产肠毒素大肠杆菌后,工程菌OTU值和类杆菌、乳杆菌、双歧杆菌数量均极显著高于其他两组(P0.01),pH值极显著高于空白对照组(P0.01)。与灌服前相比,工程菌组的OTU值、细菌数量及pH值均变化幅度最小。说明ST酿酒酵母基因工程菌能够改善肠道菌群结构,丰富肠道菌群多态性,降低pH值,增加有益菌群的数量。当动物机体受到产肠毒素大肠杆菌感染时,ST酿酒酵母基因工程菌能够有效降低产肠毒素大肠杆菌对肠道菌群的破坏,发挥预防保护作用,维持肠道内菌群稳定。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献
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乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制. 相似文献
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Billinghurst RC Brama PA van Weeren PR Knowlton MS McIlwraith CW 《American journal of veterinary research》2004,65(2):143-150
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis. 相似文献