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采用微量稀释法来测定磷酸替米考星等药物对9种微生物的最小抑菌浓度(MIC),评价其抗菌活性。结果:磷酸替米考星对猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌、猪链球菌、副猪嗜血杆菌等临床常见畜禽致病菌均有良好的抗菌活性,MIC均在0.004 9~2.5μg/m L;对猪肺炎支原体与鸡毒支原体的MIC分别为0.004 9 ccu/m L和0.312 5 ccu/m L,表现出显著的抑菌活性。磷酸替米考星与其他抗生素相比,抑菌活性好或相当,与其主要对照药物替米考星相比,具有更好的水溶性。结果显示磷酸替米考星可用于治疗由这些敏感菌所致的疾病。 相似文献
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阿莫西林对副猪嗜血杆菌和猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌的药敏试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以大肠杆菌ATCC25922为质控菌株,采用阿莫西林对5株猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌和6株副猪嗜血杆菌进行药敏试验,测定其最小抑菌浓度(MIC)。结果表明,胸膜肺炎放线杆菌和副猪嗜血杆菌对阿莫西林敏感。 相似文献
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《中兽医医药杂志》2020,(3)
探讨中药水提取物及其联合对巴氏杆菌的体外抑菌效果。选用黄连、香附、丁香等30味中药,采用水提法提取药液,用试管二倍稀释法测得单药最小抑菌浓度(MIC)与最小杀菌浓度(MBC),并将抑菌效果较好的几味中药作为主药与其他中药进行联合,测定联合后的MIC与MBC。结果表明,单味中药中黄连对巴氏杆菌的抗菌活性最佳,MIC和MBC均为12.5 mg/mL。选取抑菌效果较好的黄连、丁香、香附、蒸陈皮等中药与其他中药联合,结果表明黄连与四制艾叶联合后对巴氏杆菌的抑制效果最好,其MIC和MBC均为3.125 mg/mL。说明黄连与四制艾叶联合的抑菌效果较好,且为协同作用,优于两种单药各自的抑菌活性,可作为抑制巴氏杆菌的药物进行进一步的研究。 相似文献
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《中国兽医学报》2019,(2):318-322
为研究黄连、黄芩、五倍子、黄柏和鱼腥草提取物对猪霍乱沙门菌的抑菌效果,采用超声波处理,乙醇回流,水浴加热的方法提取5种中药的有效成分,采用2倍稀释法分别测定提取物对猪霍乱沙门菌的最小抑菌质量浓度(mini-mum inhibitory concentration,MIC)和最小杀菌质量浓度(minimum bactericidal concentration,MBC),采用肉汤稀释棋盘法,测定提取物对猪霍乱沙门菌的联合抑菌效果。结果显示,黄连单独抑菌时的MIC值较其他中药的MIC值低,且与黄芩、五倍子联合用药时MIC值由7.81×103 mg/L降到3.91×103 mg/L。而黄芩与黄连、黄柏、五倍子、鱼腥草联合用药时MIC值均降低。黄芩与其他4种药联合用药后抑菌效果增强,且与五倍子联合用药时FICI值小于0.5表现为协同作用,并且2种药物的MIC降低明显。结果表明,黄连、黄芩、五倍子对猪霍乱沙门菌有较好的抑菌作用,黄连、黄芩、五倍子联用时,抑菌效果为协同或相加作用;黄芩与鱼腥草联用时抑菌效果为无关作用;黄柏与鱼腥草联用时抑菌效果也为无关作用。 相似文献
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《中国预防兽医学报》2016,(9)
为研究甘草多糖对副猪嗜血杆菌在体内外生长的影响,本研究首先利用平板计数法和分光光度法分别分析甘草多糖在体外对副猪嗜血杆菌生长速度和生物被膜形成的影响。然后将100 LD_50副猪嗜血杆菌感染小鼠,观察甘草多糖对小鼠的保护力。最后将0.01 LD_50副猪嗜血杆菌感染小鼠,迫杀小鼠后检测副猪嗜血杆菌在脾脏、肝脏、肺脏和心血的分布情况。结果显示,在低浓度时(10μg/m L、20μg/m L和50μg/m L),甘草多糖随着浓度的增加对副猪嗜血杆菌血清型12(HS1075)的生长速度和生物被膜形成呈逐渐促进趋势,但高浓度时(100μg/m L和200μg/m L),生长速度与50μg/m L相比并无明显区别,但仍显著高于空白对照组,而对副猪嗜血杆菌生物被膜的形成量与空白对照组相比差异无统计学意义。副猪嗜血杆菌口服感染小鼠的LD_50为2.00×10~7 cfu。高剂量(100 mg/kg)甘草多糖对于100 LD_50副猪嗜血杆菌感染可提供60%的保护力。0.01 LD_50副猪嗜血杆菌攻毒小鼠,随着甘草多糖浓度增加小鼠脾脏、肝脏、肺脏和心血的细菌量逐渐减少。结果表明,在体内甘草多糖可以提高小鼠抵抗副猪嗜血杆菌的感染,对甘草多糖的临床应用提供一定的参考。 相似文献
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《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2016,(11)
为了探讨白头翁汤方及其单味药水提取液对鸡、猪大肠杆菌的体外作用,试验采用微量二倍稀释法和平板法测定最小抑菌浓度(MIC)和最小杀菌浓度(MBC)。结果表明:黄连对大肠杆菌的抑杀作用最强,所有菌株对黄连都中度敏感(33.25 g/L≤MIC≤250.00 g/L),黄连对所有菌株也表现出明显杀菌效果(67.50 g/L≤MBC≤500.00 g/L);其次是白头翁,除了鸡大肠杆菌O78和猪大肠杆菌C83644表现不敏感外(MIC=500.00 g/L),其他菌株都中度敏感(67.50 g/L≤MIC≤125.00 g/L),白头翁对大肠杆菌也有杀菌作用(125.00 g/L≤MBC≤500.00 g/L);黄柏对大肠杆菌未表现出明显的抑菌、杀菌活性(250.00 g/L≤MIC≤500.00 g/L,MBC≥250.00 g/L);所有菌株对秦皮都不敏感(MIC≥250.00 g/L,MBC≥500.00 g/L);所有菌株对白头翁汤提取液都不敏感,白头翁汤中含有抗菌成分,但对细菌的抑杀作用并不是其发挥抗细菌性腹泻作用的唯一途径。 相似文献
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《中国兽医学报》2016,(11):1908-1915
为了研究复方氟苯尼考注射液的体外抗菌活性及对人工感染巴氏杆菌仔猪的保护效果。本研究采用体外抑菌试验采用试管二倍稀释法,测定复方氟苯尼考注射液和单方氟苯尼考注射液对多杀性巴氏杆菌、副猪嗜血杆菌、猪传染性胸膜肺炎放线杆菌及链球菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)。体内治疗试验是将复方氟苯尼考注射液分为20、40、60mg/kg 3个剂量组与氟苯尼考对照组(40mg/kg)以及氟尼辛葡甲胺对照组(3.65mg/kg)以颈部肌肉注射治疗人工感染多杀性巴氏杆菌的仔猪。体外抑菌试验结果显示,复方氟苯尼考注射液对多杀性巴氏杆菌、副猪嗜血杆菌、猪传染性胸膜肺炎放线杆菌及链球菌的MIC分别为0.59、1.09、0.59、2.12mg/L;氟苯尼考注射液对多杀性巴氏杆菌、副猪嗜血杆菌、猪传染性胸膜肺炎放线杆菌及链球菌的MIC分别为1.12、6.13、17.86、17.86mg/L。保护性试验结果显示,复方氟苯尼考注射液低、中、高剂量组增重率分别为(10.19±4.84)、(14.33±4.07)、(15.53±5.38)kg,死亡率分别为10%、10%、0,好转率分别为60%、90%、100%,治愈率分别为20%、90%、100%;氟苯尼考组的增重率为(9.90±4.25)kg;氟尼辛葡甲胺组的增重率为(8.02±3.83)kg。结果表明,复方氟苯尼考注射液对多杀性巴氏杆菌、副猪嗜血杆菌、猪传染性胸膜肺炎放线杆菌及链球菌的抑菌效果强于单方氟苯尼考注射液;复方氟苯尼考注射液对人工感染多杀性巴氏杆菌仔猪的保护作用也优于氟苯尼考注射液。建议本品的治疗剂量为颈部肌肉注射40mg/kg,每7d给药1次,连用2次,如症状严重可2d给药1次,连用2次。 相似文献
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为研究黄连、黄芩、五倍子、黄柏和鱼腥草提取物对大肠杆菌的抑菌效果,采用超声波处理,乙醇回流,水浴加热的方法提取5种中药的有效成分,采用二倍稀释法分别测定提取物对大肠杆菌的最小抑菌浓度(Minimum inhibitory concentration,MIC)和最小杀菌浓度(Minimum bactericidal concentration,MBC),采用肉汤稀释棋盘法,测定提取物对大肠杆菌的联合抑菌效果。结果显示,鱼腥草和五倍子单独抑菌时的MIC值较其他中药的MIC值低,且鱼腥草与黄芩和五倍子联合用药时MIC值由15.63 mg/m L降到3.91 mg/m L,同时五倍子与黄芩和鱼腥草联合用药时MIC值也由15.63 mg/m L降到3.91 mg/m L。黄芩与黄连、黄柏、五倍子、鱼腥草联合用药时MIC值均降低。结果表明:鱼腥草、黄芩、五倍子对大肠杆菌有较好的抑菌作用,鱼腥草、黄芩、五倍子联用时,抑菌效果为协同或相加作用;黄连与其他4种中药联用时抑菌效果为无关作用;黄柏与黄芩、五倍子及鱼腥草联用时抑菌效果为无关作用。 相似文献
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《中兽医医药杂志》2019,(1)
探究四黄止痢颗粒及其组分联合对多杀性巴氏杆菌的体外抑菌效果。通过二倍稀释法测定单药、3种中药联合、4种中药联合以及6种中药联合(自配四黄止痢颗粒)、市售四黄止痢颗粒对多杀性巴氏杆菌的MIC和MBC。结果表明,四黄止痢颗粒方剂的6种中药中对多杀性巴氏杆菌的抗菌活性最强是黄连,MIC、MBC均为1.563 mg/mL;板蓝根的MBC大于200 mg/mL,对多杀性巴氏杆菌的抑菌效果最差。3种药物联合应用,其中黄柏+黄连+大黄对多杀性巴氏杆菌的抗菌效果最好,其MIC、MBC均为0.781 mg/mL;4种药物联合应用,其中板蓝根+大黄+黄柏+黄连、黄芩+大黄+黄柏+黄连、黄芩+板蓝根+黄柏+黄连等3组中药联合的抗菌效果最好,其MIC、MBC均为0.781 mg/mL。自配四黄止痢颗粒的MIC和MBC为50 mg/mL;市售四黄止痢颗粒方剂MIC均为200 mg/mL。3种中药联合、4种中药联合应用的抗菌活性明显优于单味中药,且都比自配四黄止痢颗粒和市售四黄止痢颗粒对多杀性巴氏杆菌的抗菌效果好,其中精简的组方中,黄柏+黄连+大黄对多杀性巴杆菌的抗菌效果最好。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献