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1.
建立了气相色谱/质谱法则定猪尿中士的宁残留量的方法.试样在碱性条件下,经甲基叔丁基醚提取,MCX固相萃取柱净化后,用GC/MS测定其中的士的宁.方法检测限和定量限分别为0.005 mg/l和0.01 mg/l;回收率在61.24%～387.76%之间,变异系数在8.43%～12.82%之间.本方法对猪尿中士的宁残留量的检测分析准确可靠.  相似文献   

2.
本研究建立了高效液相色谱法检测饲料中9种磺胺药物的方法.将样品经乙腈提取,碱性氧化铝柱净化后,用HPLC法测定其中磺胺类药物.方法检测限在0.3～0.5 mg/kg之间;回收率在87.6%～108.7%之间,变异系数为0.3%～8.7%.本方法对饲料中磺胺类药物的检测分析准确可靠.  相似文献   

3.
饲料中克仑特罗(Clenbuterol)的气相色谱-质谱联用法测定   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
本研究建立了饲料中气相色谱 -质谱测定克仑特罗(Clenbuterol)的分析方法 ,试样中Clenbuterol经提取、净化、衍生化 ,采用GC/MSSCAN方式进行测定 ,外标法定量。研究表明 ,Clenbuterol的线性范围为0.5～10mg/kg,方法回收率为92 %～99 % ,检测底限为0.2mg/kg。  相似文献   

4.
实验根据国标GB/T22388—2008“原料乳与乳制品中三聚氰胺GC—MS检测方法”与农业部饲料效价与安全检测中心的“牛奶中三聚氰胺的GC—MS”检测方法，对三聚氰胺添加量分别为0．05069mg／kg、0．40552mg／kg的牛奶样品进行了测定．对比了两种方法在相同条件下的检测限、回收率、稳定性、线性范围、基质干扰情况。实验结果表明：农业部饲料效价与安全检测中心的检测方法，在检测限、回收率、重复性、线性范围、方法灵敏度上较国标好。同时还发现．当液态奶中的三聚氰胺含量接近检测限时．两种方法的的检测结果受奶样基质的干扰较为明显。  相似文献   

5.
本研究建立了气相色谱法测定饲料香味剂中大茴香脑、d-柠檬烯、香芹酚的方法。试样经丙酮提取后,用GC测定大茴香脑、d-柠檬烯和香芹酚。大茴香脑、d-柠檬烯和香芹酚的线性范围为1.0～500.0μg/mL。大茴香脑、d-柠檬烯和香芹酚在浓度为1～10 g/kg添加水平时的回收率分别在96.2%～101.5%、97.1%～102.5%和96.5%～99.8%,RSD分别为1.3%、1.5%和1.1%。方法定量限为50 mg/kg。本方法对饲料香味剂中大茴香脑、d-柠檬烯和香芹酚的检测分析准确性高、重现性好。  相似文献   

6.
本试验介绍了用高效液相色谱法测定饲料中替米考星含量的方法。采用Phenyl色谱柱分离,梯度洗脱,在紫外280nm处检测,外标法定量。结果表明,该方法回收率为94.2%～104.6%,定量限(LOQ)为2mg/kg。  相似文献   

7.
本试验建立了鸡饲料中地克珠利(DIC)含量检测的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱分析方法。采用乙腈提取饲料中的药物,经硅胶固相萃取小柱净化后,超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(UPLC-MS/MS)分析。整个色谱总时间为3.5 min。结果表明,在5、50、500μg/kg(仅配合饲料)和2000μg/kg(仅预混合饲料)的浓度添加水平下,饲料中地克珠利的回收率范围为90.28%～97.16%;日内变异系数范围为9.24%～14.10%,日间变异系数范围为9.73%～14.87%。以3倍信噪比为检测限,10倍信噪比为定量限,得出该方法的检测限为2.0μg/kg,定量限为5.0μg/kg。该方法操作简单,灵敏度、准确度和精密度均符合饲料中药物添加剂分析的技术要求,能够满足饲料中地克珠利的含量测定需求。  相似文献   

8.
饲料中糖皮质激素类药物含量的UPLC-MS/MS检测方法的研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
试验建立了饲料中9种糖皮质激素类药物含量的UPLC-MS/MS检测方法。饲料中的糖皮质激素类药物经甲醇振荡提取,浓缩蒸干,溶解后用碳黑固相萃取柱串接氨基固相萃取柱净化后,液相色谱-串联质谱法测定,外标法定量。9种药物在2～100ng/ml浓度范围内呈线性相关,相关系数在0.997～0.9995,方法在饲料中最低检测限(LOD)为2μg/kg;定量限(LOQ)为5μg/kg。此方法在空白饲料中添加5～20ng/g浓度范围内,平均回收率在55.1%～88.2%,批内变异系数为3.3%～19.1%,批间变异系数为4.2%～13.5%。该方法具有较好的灵敏度、准确度和精密度,能完全满足饲料中此类药物含量的检测,可以作为此类药物的标准化检测方法。  相似文献   

9.
为建立同时测定饲料中5种喹诺酮类和4种四环素类药物含量的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱（UPLC/MS/MS）分析方法,本实验采用1%甲酸甲醇溶液作为样品的提取溶液,经HLB固相萃取柱净化后上机测定。在正离子模式下通过两对离子对进行定性和定量分析,基质匹配标准溶液外标法校准。结果显示：各药物浓度在2.5 ～ 50 μg/L内线性关系良好,相关系数r均大于0.995|空白饲料添加浓度为0.05、0.1、0.25 mg/kg时,回收率为74.7% ～ 93.2%|批内、批间相对偏差（RSD）均小于15%|本方法对饲料中喹诺酮类和四环素类药物的定量限为0.05 mg/kg（S/N＞10）,检测限为0.025 mg/kg（S/N＞3）。 [关键词] 喹诺酮类|四环素类|饲料|超高效液相色谱-串联质谱  相似文献   

10.
研究建立了GC/MS测定鸡蛋中三聚氰胺残留的方法。样品以10g/L三氯乙酸溶液提取,Cleanert PCX固相萃取柱净化,50℃水浴中氮气吹干后衍生化。以气相色谱-质谱选择99、171、327、342四个碎片离子进行定性定量分析。三聚氰胺在0.05mg/L～2.5mg/L成线性(R2为0.999),鸡蛋中3种不同添加浓度0.05、0.10和0.50mg/kg下三聚氰胺平均回收率分别为84.71%、88.12%、92.62%,相对标准偏差分别为10.57%、7.12%、6.92%,样品中最低检测限(S/N=3)为0.005mg/kg。  相似文献   

11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。  相似文献   

12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.  相似文献   

13.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

14.
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.  相似文献   

15.
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.  相似文献   

16.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

17.
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.  相似文献   

18.
The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.  相似文献   

19.
The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma.  相似文献   

20.
Infectious diseases have always been a terrible scourge for humans. The appearance of these plagues, as they were called without distinction, was generally connected to various conditions: asters, climatic changes or religious reasons. The concept of contagious, and then infectious, diseases came slowly. Variolation, i.e. transmission of ‘virulent’ matter to induce a natural disease and the immunity against it, was brought from Constantinople to England by Lady Montague, in 1721. This ‘variolation’ technique was also often performed in veterinary medicine against diseases like sheep-pox or pleuropneumonia. As ‘vaccination’ is the term generally accepted for ‘immunisation’, variolation can be the word designating such a technique. The second period of the history of immunisation began, in 1880, with the studies of Pasteur and his collaborators. A great number of bacterial vaccines were developed: dead, live but attenuated or only parts of pathogens. The viruses were produced in animals, then in eggs and at last, in tissue cultures. Second generation vaccines appeared with genetic engineering: recombinant vaccines, vector vaccines, nucleic acids vaccines, and markers vaccines, among others. These novel technologies can permit the development of new ones and improve the quality of the vaccines already existing.  相似文献   

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