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采用平板打洞法、试管倍比稀释法分别测定了金银花、夏枯草、龙珠果、苡仁、半边莲、黄鹌菜、白花蛇舌草、马齿苋8种中草药对大肠杆菌K88、大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、葡萄球菌、沙门菌5种细菌的药物敏感性、最小抑菌浓度（MIC）和最小杀菌浓度（MBC）。结果显示，上述5种细菌对金银花呈中度敏感，其MIC和MBC均为1／80～1／10g／mL；龙珠果仅对大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、沙门菌有一定抑制作用，其MIC和MBC均为1／10、1／80、1／10g／mL；苡仁仅对金黄色葡萄球菌和沙门菌有一定抑制作用，其MIC和MBC均分别为1／20和1／40g／mL。夏枯草仅对葡萄球菌有一定抑菌作用，半边莲仅对金色葡萄球菌有一定抑菌作用，而黄鹌菜、白花蛇舌草、马齿苋对上述5种细菌未见抑菌作用。 相似文献
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为了寻找更为安全高效的动物替抗药物，本试验以3种中药复方和7种中药废弃物为材料，采用K-B纸片法检测抑菌圈直径、二倍稀释法检测最低抑菌浓度(MIC)、平板涂布法检测最低杀菌浓度(MBC),综合评价所选药物对大肠埃希菌、肠炎沙门菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌效果。试验结果显示：9种药物(除清开灵药渣外)都对金黄色葡萄球菌具有显著的抑菌和杀菌作用，其MIC和MBC值在3.91～125 mg/mL范围内，为金黄色葡萄球菌中度到高度敏感药物；中药复方1和中药复方3对大肠埃希菌的MIC值分别为125 mg/mL和62.5 mg/mL,表现为中度抑大肠埃希菌；忍冬藤和中药复方1对肠炎沙门菌的MIC值都是125 mg/mL,为肠炎沙门菌中度敏感药物。试验结果表明，3种中药复方和6种中药废弃物(除清开灵药渣外)可开发成防治金黄色葡萄球菌感染性疾病的药物，中药复方1和中药复方3可预防和治疗禽畜大肠埃希菌感染，而中药复方1和忍冬藤可防治畜禽因感染肠炎沙门菌引起的病症。 相似文献
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鸡血藤不同极性段提取物制备及体外抑菌作用初步研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用水、丙酮和乙醇等不同极性溶剂对鸡血藤有效成分进行提取,测定了鸡血藤不同极性段提取物对鸡大肠埃希菌、鸭大肠埃希菌及金黄色葡萄球菌等常见病原菌的体外抑菌效果。结果表明,鸡血藤的各种提取物对鸡大肠埃希菌的抑菌圈直径均小于13 mm,属低度敏感;对鸭大肠埃希菌有较好的抑制作用,属中度敏感,其抑菌圈直径大于13 mm,小于19 mm;对金黄色葡萄球菌为高度敏感,其抑菌圈直径在19 mm以上。鸡血藤微波提取物对鸡大肠埃希菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌作用最强,700 mL/L乙醇提取物对鸭大肠埃希菌的抑菌作用最强,最小抑菌浓度均为15.63 mg/mL。 相似文献
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中草药对乳牛乳腺炎主要病原菌的体外抗菌活性试验 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
采用试管二倍稀释法，测定了金银花、连翘和蒲公英等12种中草药及其复方制剂对乳牛乳腺炎主要病原菌(大肠埃希氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、无乳链球菌和停乳链球菌)的体外抗菌活性(MIC和MBC)。试验结果表明，金银花、连翘和蒲公英及其复方制剂对这4种病原菌均具有较强的体外抗菌活性。 相似文献
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司帕沙星体外抗菌活性的试验 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
应用试管二倍稀释法测定司帕沙星对大肠埃希氏菌、沙门菌、链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和禽败血霉形体等病原微生物的最小抑菌浓度（MIC)和最小杀菌浓度(MBC)，并与4种氟喹诺酮药物及3种其他抗菌药物相比较。结果表明，司帕沙星对大肠埃希氏菌、沙门菌、链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和禽败血霉形体均有良好的体外抗菌活性，优于其他对照药物。 相似文献
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为了研究中草药对3种不同血清型禽源沙门菌的体外抑菌效果,采用水煎法制备黄连、黄柏、白头翁、金银花、女贞子、乌梅6种单味中草药水提液,然后进行药物敏感性试验,并进一步测定最低抑菌浓度(MIC)和最小杀菌浓度(MBC)。结果显示,鼠伤寒沙门菌LLCL-8株对黄连、金银花和白头翁较为敏感,MIC分别为(62.50±0) mg/mL、(83.33±29.46) mg/mL、(125.00±0) mg/mL,MBC分别为250.00 mg/mL、250.00 mg/mL、大于500.00 mg/mL;鸡白痢沙门菌LLC-51株对黄连敏感,MIC为(31.25±0) mg/mL,MBC为125.00 mg/mL;肠炎沙门菌S株对黄连、白头翁敏感,MIC分别为(62.50±0) mg/mL、(104.16±29.46) mg/mL,MBC均为250.00 mg/mL。说明黄连对3种血清型禽源沙门菌具有广谱抑菌作用,且抑菌效果相对明显;白头翁、金银花对某些血清型菌株具有较好的抑菌效果。 相似文献
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15味蒙药和3种蒙方抗大肠埃希菌和金黄色葡萄球菌作用研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了进一步研究蒙药对奶牛乳房炎两种主要病原菌的体外抑菌和体内抗菌作用,用牛津杯法测定了15味蒙药对大肠埃希菌和金黄色葡萄球菌抑菌圈直径,用二倍稀释法测定了3种蒙方在体外的最低抑菌浓度(minimal inhibitory concentration,MIC)和最低杀菌浓度(minimal bactericidal concentration,MBC)。又以大肠埃希菌感染小鼠,经口灌服蒙方以判断其体内抗菌效果。有8味蒙药对两种菌有较好的抑菌作用,抑菌环直径均大于12 mm,最大达到22 mm。3种蒙方体外有较好的抑菌作用,其中方Ⅱ对大肠埃希菌和金黄色葡萄球菌抑制作用最强,MIC分别为0.125 g/mL和0.25 g/mL,MBC均为0.25 g/mL。口服不同剂量方Ⅰ的感染小鼠生存率明显高于阴性对照组。 相似文献
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复方恩诺沙星可溶性粉对畜禽主要致病菌的体外抑菌效果 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
采用纸片扩散法(K-B法)测定复方恩诺沙星可溶性粉对畜禽主要致病菌的敏感性,采用试管倍比稀释法测定复方恩诺沙星可溶性粉对畜禽主要致病菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)和最小杀菌浓度(MBC)。结果表明,病原性大肠埃希菌、绿脓杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、鸡巴氏杆菌、猪巴氏杆菌和链球菌对复方恩诺沙星可溶性粉敏感,复方恩诺沙星可溶性粉对畜禽主要致病菌的MIC为0.0279μg/mL~3.575μg/mL,MBC为0.055μg/mL~7.11μg/mL。 相似文献
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研究石榴皮、花椒、大青叶等9种中草药对沙门菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的体外抑菌作用。采用水煎煮法分别提取9种不同中草药的有效成分;采用二倍稀释法、平板培养法分别检测中草药对沙门菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)和最小杀菌浓度(MBC),筛选出抑菌功效良好的5味中草药,再分别对2种细菌进行联合用药,测定中草药联用的体外抑菌功效。结果表明,花椒、黄连、石榴皮、诃子、龙胆草等单味药具有较好的体外抑菌功效,在9种中草药中抑菌作用最佳的是黄连,其对沙门菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的MIC值分别为1.625 mg/mL和3.125 mg/mL,MBC值分别为100.000 mg/mL和200.000 mg/mL。对金黄色葡萄球菌,中草药间有拮抗作用的组合有黄连+花椒、黄连+诃子、石榴皮+龙胆草,其他中草药联合时均为无关作用;对沙门菌,中草药间有拮抗作用的组合有黄连+花椒、诃子+龙胆草、石榴皮+诃子、黄连+诃子、石榴皮+龙胆草,中草药间有相加作用的组合是花椒+石榴皮,其MIC值为3.125 mg/mL,FIC值为0.75,其他中草药联合时均为无关作用。结果提示,单独用药对细菌具有良好抑菌功效的中草药,联合用药... 相似文献
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为了研究篦齿蒿(Neopallasia pectinata)水提取物及醇提取物的体外抑菌作用,采用牛津杯法测定篦齿蒿各种提取物对大肠埃希菌,金黄色葡萄球菌,沙门菌和链球菌的抑菌圈直径。用试管2倍稀释法测定其最低抑菌浓度(MIC)及最低杀菌浓度(MBC),以金黄色葡萄球菌和链球菌感染小鼠,判断其体内抗菌效果。结果表明,篦齿蒿各种提取物都具有一定的抑菌作用,尤其是对金黄色葡萄球菌,其乙酸乙酯提取物和正丁醇提取物是体外抗菌的主要活性部分。篦齿蒿提取物对链球菌感染小鼠体内抗菌效果较差,对金黄色葡萄球菌感染小鼠体内抗菌成分主要集中在乙酸乙酯提取物内,对小鼠死亡保护率明显高于阴性对照组,可达75%。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献