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采用实验室方法分离鉴定了引起猪腹泻的细菌,并对分离菌进行超广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBLs）检测和对24种抗菌药、5种复方药的敏感性测定。结果显示,分离细菌为大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌、志贺氏菌、奇异变形杆菌,有的且产生ESBLs。药敏试验结果表明该菌对兽医临床中常用的β-内酰胺类抗生素、氟喹诺酮类、氯霉素类、氨基糖苷类等均产生耐药;对粘杆菌素、亚胺培南、美罗培南敏感,β-内酰胺类药物与酶抑制剂联用能使药物对细菌的最低抑菌浓度（M ICs）降低,因此复方β-内酰胺类药物是治疗猪腹泻的有效措施之一。 相似文献
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本文对临床分离的12株鸭大肠杆菌进行了ESBLs检测,并用K-B纸片法测定了其对常见几种抗菌药物的敏感性,以期为抗菌药的临床合理应用提供依据。结果表明：临床分离的12株大肠杆菌中有4株产ESBLs,检出率为33％。产酶菌对β-内酰胺类抗生素阿莫西林、头孢噻呋的耐药率都高达100％,而不产酶菌对β-内酰胺类抗生素阿莫西林、头孢噻呋的耐药率均为87．5％;4株产酶菌中对氨苄西林、氨曲南耐药率分别为75％、50％,而8株不产酶菌对其耐药率分别为62．5％、0．0％,可见产酶菌的耐药率明显大于不产酶菌。同样,对于氨基糖苷类、喹诺酮类等其他抗菌药物也出现此种情况,说明产酶菌对这些药物存在多重耐药性。所以,临床中应注意通过药敏试验合理选用药物,才能取得好的治疗效果。 相似文献
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本文对临床分离的12株鸭大肠杆菌进行了ESBLs检测,并用K-B纸片法测定了其对常见几种抗菌药物的敏感性,以期为抗菌药的临床合理应用提供依据.结果表明:临床分离的12株大肠杆菌中有4株产ESBLs,检出率为33%.产酶菌对β-内酰胺类抗生素阿莫西林、头孢噻呋的耐药率都高达100%,而不产酶菌对β-内酰胺类抗生素阿莫西林、头孢噻呋的耐药率均为87.5%;4株产酶菌中对氨苄西林、氨曲南耐药率分别为75%、50%,而8株不产酶菌对其耐药率分别为62.5%、0.0%,可见产酶菌的耐药率明显大于不产酶菌.同样,对于氨基糖苷类、喹诺酮类等其他抗菌药物也出现此种情况,说明产酶菌对这些药物存在多重耐药性.所以,临床中应注意通过药敏试验合理选用药物.才能取得好的治疗效果. 相似文献
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β-内酰胺酶是对β-内酰胺类抗生素耐药的细菌分泌的一种胞外酶，该酶可选择性分解牛奶中残留的β-内酰胺类抗生素，通过水解使β-内酰胺环打开而失去抗菌活性，类型众多，底物不同，特性各异。β-内酰胺酶包括以下几种：（1）青霉素酶，主要水解青霉素类，能被克拉维酸抑制；（2）头孢菌素酶，能水解头孢菌素，但对青霉素水解作用很弱， 相似文献
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为探明泰州地区鸡源大肠杆菌产超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBLs)情况及耐药情况,对13株分离自泰州地区的鸡源大肠杆菌进行ESBLs检测,并采用微量肉汤稀释法测定不同药物对产ESBLs菌和非产ESBLs菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC).结果显示,13株分离菌中有5株被确定为产ESBLs菌株,阳性率为38.5%.产ESBLs菌对β-内酰胺类抗菌药的耐药性极其严重,耐药率明显高于非产ESBLs菌,二者对氨苄西林的耐药率分别为100%和62.5%,对头孢噻呋的耐药率分别为100%和12.5%,对头孢曲松的耐药率分别为80%和20%,产ESBLs菌对其他抗菌药物的耐药率也明显高于非产ESBLs菌.氨苄西林与舒巴坦(2:1)联用与单用氨苄西林相比,对产ESBLs菌的MIC值降低至单用氨苄西林时的1/16~1/8,但对非产ESBLs菌的MIC值没有明显变化.氨苄西林与阿米卡星(1:1)联用与单用两者中的任何一种相比,对产ESBLs菌和非产ESBLs菌的MIC值均降低至单药时的1/16~1/2.结果表明,临床可选择β-内酰胺酶类抗生素与β-内酰胺酶抑制剂的混合制剂来治疗产ESBLs鸡大肠杆菌的感染,也可尝试将不同种类、不同作用机理药物联合应用来治疗鸡大肠杆菌感染,尤其是耐药性鸡大肠杆菌感染. 相似文献
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兽医临床超广谱β-内酰胺酶的表型检测方法 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
β-内酰胺环类抗生素自上世纪60年代研制以来，一直广泛应用，目前占全球抗生素消量的50％，但近年来耐药菌株的出现使它们的使用受到严重威胁。研究显示，细菌对第三代头孢菌素的耐药主要是因为产生了能水解该类扰生素的超广谱β-内酰胺酶（Extend spectrum β-lactamses，ESBLs）。ESBLs大多是质粒介导的β-内酰胺酶，主要由大肠埃希氏菌与肺炎克雷伯菌产生，由于其能降低新的广谱头孢菌素的功效，造成体外药敏试验敏感而体内用药无效，严重影响β-内酰胺环类抗生素的疗效。 相似文献
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试验旨在评价头孢噻呋与舒巴坦复方制剂的抗菌活性。用双纸片增效法检测超广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBLs）;用二倍试管稀释法测定其对临床分离的46株大肠杆菌的最小抑菌浓度（MIC）和最小杀菌浓度（MBC）。结果表明：头孢噻呋与舒巴坦联用可显著降低产超广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBLs）大肠杆菌对头孢噻呋的耐药率。其中,1：1配比对产酶菌的MIC粥为6．269μg／ml,约为头孢噻呋单药的1／10;1：1配比对产酶菌有着较强的杀菌作用,明显优于头孢噻呋单药。对于不产酶大肠杆菌,复方制剂与单药的作用效果几乎相当。 相似文献
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β-内酰胺酶抑制剂与β-内酰胺类抗生素联用在兽医学上的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
陈志华 《广东畜牧兽医科技》2003,28(6):17-19
20世纪40年代,第一个β-内酰胺类抗生素青霉素的研制和应用,开创了抗生素治疗细菌性疾病的光辉时代。但细菌的耐药性也因抗生素的广泛应用而变得日益普遍,细菌对β-内酰胺类抗生素最主要的耐药机制是产生β-内酰胺酶,破坏β-内酰胺环使抗生素失活。β-内酰胺酶抑制剂的研制应用,恢复了β-内酰胺类抗生素的有效性,使β-内酰胺类抗生素得以继续发挥其在临床上强大的治疗作用。本文主要综述了β-内酰抑制剂的作用机制及其与β-内酰胺类抗生素联用的抗菌活性,以及在兽医临床上的应用概况。为有效地应用β-内酰胺类抗生素控制耐药菌感染提供参考。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献