共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
哺乳动物体细胞克隆研究进展 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
哺乳动物体细胞克隆技术是近年来才发展起来的技术，但体细胞克隆绵羊－多利的诞生却引起了世界轰动，充分显示了其重在的科学研究价值和潜在的应用价值。本文对哺乳动物体细胞克隆技术研究现状，理论基础研究，应用等方面作一综述。 相似文献
2.
哺乳动物体细胞克隆技术是近年来发展起来的高新技术，体细胞克隆绵羊——多利的诞生已引起了世界的轰动，笔者就关于马的体细胞克隆技术、重组卵母细胞的体外构建、激活、培养和应用前景等作一综述。 相似文献
3.
曹宏楷 《江西畜牧兽医杂志》2005,(4):2-4
1 震惊世界的克隆“多利” 1997-02-27，英国《Nature》杂志，报道了英国罗斯林研究所Roslin Institute，Uk的威尔穆特（I．Wilmut）博士及其同事的题为“从胚胎和成年哺乳动物细胞繁衍后代”（Viable offspring derived from fetal and adult msmmalian cells）的研究论文，宣布了首次成功地运用成年母羊乳腺上皮细胞作为细胞核的供体的移植技术，克隆了1头名叫“多利”的小绵羊。 相似文献
4.
据外电报道 ,英国科学家已找到改变绵羊基因并以前所未有的准确性置入新基因的方法 ,这一发现是朝克隆更健康的家畜和使用动物作为器官银行迈出的重要的一步。这也是首例以哺乳动物而不是以老鼠为目标的基因。1 996年帮助克隆出“多莉”羊的威尔莫特实验室主任科尔曼说 ,“拥有对基因进行更改的能力对我们来说是梦寐以求的事情。”以准确的方法改变绵羊基因就是以科尔曼为首的科学家研究出来的。他们改变绵羊细胞的ＤＮＡ ,然后用改变的细胞克隆绵羊。去年克隆的三只雌性绵羊仍然活着。两只绵羊带有人类基因 ,这使它们能够生产含有人类某种… 相似文献
5.
哺乳动物胚胎冷冻保存的研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
哺乳动物胚胎的超低温保存技术不仅为动物种质资源的保存和良种家畜的国际交流提供了简单的手段，而且还是胚胎移植、体外受精、转基因和克隆等胚胎生物技术不可分割的组成部分。1972年，英国学者Whittingham等人首次利用慢速冷冻法保存小鼠胚胎获得成功，此后许多学者对冷冻方法进行了广泛的研究。至今，牛、绵羊、山羊、马、兔子、猫、羚羊、狒狒、狨猴、猴和人等的胚胎冷冻保存也获成功。然而，在 相似文献
6.
《河南畜牧兽医(综合版)》2000,(8)
新型转基因克隆羊在英诞生曾经培育出克隆羊多利的英国PPL公司的科学家在6月29日出版的英国《自然》杂志上报告说，他们使用精确的基因定位技术成功培育出了两只转基因克隆绵羊，从而为有效改造哺乳动物特定基因开辟了新路。 这两只小母羊分别被命名为“戴安娜”和“丘比特”，是由成熟细胞克隆出的，体内含有控制产生“1—抗胰蛋酶”的人体基因。对它们奶汁的检测表明，其中含有大量“1—抗胰蛋白酶”。 PPL公司的科学家亚历山大·金德等人使用基因定位技术，成功地将人类染色体片断植入到绵羊细胞染色体的特定区域。然后他们使用… 相似文献
7.
8.
牛、羊、人叠朊基因的克隆与分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为了解我国哺乳动物叠朊基因Prnd的生物信息，本实验采用PCR方法克隆了秦川黄牛、甘肃土种绵羊和汉族人的Prnd，运用分子生物学软件对这些序列进行了分析比较。结果表明，获得的三种哺乳动物的Prnd均位于1个单一的外显子内，与GenBank登录的相应序列具有高度同源性。秦川黄牛与甘肃土种绵羊Prnd的同源性为96．8％，推导氨基酸序列同源性为93．3％。汉族人Prnd与秦川黄牛和甘肃土种绵羊Prod的同源性均为80％，推导的氨基酸序列同源性均为76．3％。氨基酸一级结构分析显示3种Prod编码的叠朊均由氨基端的信号肽、中间的成熟蛋白和羧基端的GPI锚结合区组成。二级结构预测表明，3种Prod编码的叠朊均由3个α-螺旋和2个β-片层组成。本研究获得的这3种主要哺乳动物的Prnd信息为一进步研究叠朊的结构与功能奠定了基础。 相似文献
9.
根据已报道的哺乳动物朊病毒基因序列设计引物，采用PCR方法扩增了25只东北虎的朊病毒基因，克隆、测序及序列分析表明，所得到的东北虎朊病毒基因片段为402bp，编码134个氨基酸的前体蛋白，核苷酸序列同源性为99．67％。共发现了4个核苷酸多态性（T423C，A501G，C511A，A610G），其中C511A和A610G的碱基突变导致K171Q和A204T氨基酸的变异。与已报道的猫、貂、绵羊、鼠和犬等哺乳动物的氨基酸序列比较，结果与猫（AF003087，97．3％）和绵羊（97．3％）的氨基酸同源性最高。 相似文献
10.
体细胞克隆绵羊“多莉”(Dolly)的诞生,表明成年哺乳动物体细胞具有基因组的全能性。本文从“多莉”诞生的背景、体细胞克隆技术的研究现状、体细胞核移植过程中的核质互作、该技术目前存在的问题及其在制作转基因动物上的应用等方面,概述了体细胞克隆技术的研究进展。 相似文献
11.
12.
魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
13.
14.
本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
15.
REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
16.
17.
18.
Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献
19.
乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制. 相似文献
20.
Billinghurst RC Brama PA van Weeren PR Knowlton MS McIlwraith CW 《American journal of veterinary research》2004,65(2):143-150
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis. 相似文献