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1.
本试验旨在研究饲粮不同采食水平下肉羊氮沉积和尿中嘌呤衍生物(PD)的排出规律.试验选用12只平均体重为(41.3±2.8)kg的杜寒杂交绵羊公羔,随机平均分为3组,按照自由采食、自由采食量的70％和自由采食量的40％3个干物质采食水平饲喂,试验期为12d,其中预试期7d,正试期5d.结果表明:随着饲粮采食水平的降低,营养物质消化率均显著上升(P＜0.05),粪氮和尿氮排出量均显著降低(P＜0.05),沉积氮与摄入氮之间存在线性相关(R2=0.92).尿中PD排出量和微生物氮(MN)产量均随采食水平的降低而显著降低(P＜0.05),嘌呤氮指数(PNI)与氮沉积率和氮吸收率均表现出相同变化趋势.由此可见,PD排出量与可消化有机物采食量(DOMI)以及MN产量之间均存在线性相关,相关方程分别为y=21.41X-1.81(R2=0.94)和Y=0.91X+2.57(R2=0.94);PNI能够将氮平衡和PD排出量有机结合起来,用于评价饲粮氮的利用效率. 相似文献
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本试验旨在研究肉羊在不同日粮精粗比条件下氮沉积和尿嘌呤衍生物的排出规律。选择12只体况健康的9月龄、体重(47.21±3.35)kg杜×寒杂交绵羊公羊,试验日粮为12种不同精粗比的全混合颗粒饲料,采用12×4不完全拉丁方设计,进行4期消化代谢试验,试验每期19 d,其中预试期14 d,正试期5 d,采用全收粪、尿法。结果表明:随日粮精粗比的提高,尿氮排出量和氮沉积量均显著提高(P<0.05),日粮精粗比对粪氮排出量的影响不显著(P>0.05),氮沉积量与氮采食量之间存在线性相关(R2=0.72,P<0.05);尿中尿囊素排出量和总尿嘌呤衍生物排出量均随日粮精粗比升高而显著升高(P<0.05),尿囊素、尿酸、黄嘌呤和次黄嘌呤排出量占总尿嘌呤衍生物排出量的比例变化范围分别为69.92%~84.76%、2.89%~7.58%和9.39%~25.04%。日粮精粗比对粪氮与尿氮有不同的影响,对尿嘌呤衍生物排出量影响显著;尿嘌呤衍生物排出量与尿氮排出量存在着线性相关,相关方程为Y=0.429X+0.324(R2=0.85)。 相似文献
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限饲对东北梅花鹿消化代谢及尿嘌呤衍生物排出量的影响 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
试验选取4只体况相近的3岁东北梅花鹿公鹿,采用4×4拉丁方设计,饲喂同一种日粮,分4个不同限饲水平A(2.5kg/d)、B(2.0kg/d)、C(1.5kg/d)、D(1.0kg/d),利用尿嘌呤衍生物法并结合消化代谢试验,测定限制饲喂条件下东北梅花鹿尿嘌呤衍生物组成及排出量,可消化干物质和可消化有机物进食量与尿嘌呤衍生物排出量(PD)的关系及各种营养物质消化率。试验结果表明:东北梅花鹿尿中嘌呤衍生物包括49%～56%尿囊素、35%～38%尿酸、6%～15%黄嘌呤和次黄嘌呤;限饲条件下,东北梅花鹿尿中嘌呤衍生物、肌酐酸排出量无显著性差异(P>0.05);可消化干物质DDM(Ir=0.8592,n=16,P<0.001)和可消化有机物DOMI(r=0.8605,n=16,P<0.001)与尿中嘌呤衍生物排出量(PD)均存在显著的线性正相关;限饲使可消化干物质、可消化有机物质进食量和粗蛋白消化率显著降低(P<0.05),使干物质、有机物质、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维及钙、磷表观消化率均显著降低(P<0.05);限饲对尿氮和粪氮排出量无显著性影响(P>0.05),而显著影响氮沉积量(P<0.05),且随饲喂量降低,氮沉积逐渐减少,当饲喂量降到D水平时,出现了氮的负平衡,表明氮的摄入量已不能满足梅花鹿维持需要,需要动用内源氮来满足自身维持需要。 相似文献
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试验选取3头24月龄左右,体重相近的健康青年母水牛,采用随机区组试验设计,分别饲喂基础日粮+15 g/d尿素（处理A）、基础日粮+30 g/d尿素（处理B）和基础日粮+45 g/d尿素（处理C）组合的试验日粮。结果表明,随着尿素用量的增加,粗蛋白质采食量明显提高,营养物质的表观消化率、氮沉积率和氮的表观消化率均以处理B组最高,且与其它处理组差异显著(P<0.05);尿中嘌呤衍生物的排出量仍以处理B组最高,与其它组差异不显著(P>0.05);肌酸酐的排出量稳定在40 mmol/d左右,各处理间无显著差异（P>0.05）。由此说明,适量添加尿素有利于青年母水牛营养物质消化率的提高、氮的沉积和微生物氮的合成,而过量添加反而降低其添加效果。 相似文献
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试验旨在研究杜寒杂交绵羊在不同日粮精粗比条件下可消化有机物采食量和尿嘌呤衍生物排出量的相关关系.选择12只体况健康的9月龄杜寒杂交绵羊公羊(47.21 kg±3.35 kg),试验日粮为12种不同精粗比的全混合颗粒饲料,采用12×4不完全拉丁方设计,进行4期消化代谢试验,每期19d,其中预饲期14d,正试期5d,采用全收粪、尿法.结果表明:随日粮精粗比例的升高,可消化有机物采食量显著升高(P＜0.05);干物质、有机物和蛋白质消化率均与干物质采食量存在正线性相关(R2=0.45,P＜0.05;R2=0.50,P＜0.05;R2=0.64,P＜0.05);随日粮精粗比例升高,尿嘌呤衍生物排出量显著升高(P＜0.05),尿囊素、尿酸、黄嘌呤和次黄嘌呤排出量占总尿嘌呤衍生物排出量的比例变化范围分别为69.92％～84.76％、2.89 ％～7.58％和9.39％～25.04％.尿嘌呤衍生物排出量与可消化有机物采食量存在线性相关(P＜0.05),相关方程为Y=13.03X+0.62(R2=0.80). 相似文献
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本研究对3头牦牛施以皱胃瘘管手术,以酵母RNA为嘌呤碱基供体,连续注射4期,以期测定牦牛吸收嘌呤的回收率,为尿嘌呤衍生物估测牦牛瘤胃微生物氮产量的模型积累数据.结果表明,牦牛皱胃连续注射酵母RNA可使尿囊素(564～1 426 μmol/kg BW0.75)、总嘌呤衍生物(purine derivative,PD)排出量(629～1 507 μmol/kgBW0.75)及尿囊素占总PD比例线性提高(0.90～0.95)(P＜0.01)；嘌呤碱基注射水平对尿酸、肌酐及尿氮排出量影响不显著(P＞0.05).回归分析发现,牦牛皱胃嘌呤注射量(X,mmol/d)与尿嘌呤衍生物排出量(Y,mmol/d)间存在线性关系:Y=0.85X+33.02 (R2 =0.96,P＜0.001),牦牛吸收嘌吟在尿中的回收率为85％. 相似文献
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旨在建立利用嘌呤衍生物排出量估测微生物氮产量的模型。本研究选择10只平均体重为(47.4±4.4)kg健康的杜寒杂交成年公羊。10种全混颗粒饲粮,单一精料替换比例30%,每个处理10只羊,每个重复1只羊,试验按时间和饲粮划分为10期进行;每种饲粮饲喂20d,其中预试期15d,正试期5d;整体试验持续200d。试验测定了饲喂10种不同精料饲粮肉羊的营养物质消化率及尿嘌呤衍生物(PD)排出量。结果表明:1)饲粮营养成分的消化率与营养成分含量存在相关性,精料类型不同饲粮消化率有差异,饲粮可消化蛋白质(DCP)的最佳预测因子是粗蛋白质(CP);10种饲粮的摄入氮、尿氮、粪氮等均因精料类型不同呈极显著差异(P0.01)。2)10种饲粮的尿囊素、尿酸、黄嘌呤(包括次黄嘌呤)占PD排出量的比例均因饲粮类型的不同呈极显著差异(P0.01),占PD排出量的比例范围分别是85.60%~92.47%、2.54%~7.18%、3.20%~7.41%;10种饲粮的嘌呤氮指数(PNI)因饲粮类型的不同呈极显著差异(P0.01),变化范围是0.03~0.10,然而PD排出量与摄入氮和微生物氮(MN)存在强的线性相关。摄入氮与氮表观消化率、尿氮和氮沉积具有强相关关系,建立的沉积氮(Y)估测方程式:Y=0.244 9×摄入氮-1.319 9(R2=0.825);PD排出量与摄入氮以及MN均存在线性强相关关系,建立的估测方程式分别是PD=0.119 7×摄入氮+10.161(R2=0.925)、MN=0.746 1×PD+1.785 4(R2=0.898)。 相似文献
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通过系统研究发现：青藏高原牦牛、本地黄牛及犏牛内源性嘌呤衍生物每日每千克代谢体重(BW~(0.75))总排出量分别为134、163、138 μmol;尿嘌呤衍生物排出量(PD,mmol/d)与可消化有机物食入量(DOMI,kg/d)线性相关[牦牛:PD=16.02 DOMI + 1.27 (R~2 = 0.75,P<0.001);本地黄牛:PD= 14.42 DOMI + 3.03 (R~2=0.89,P<0.001);犏牛：PD = 20.01 DOMI-0.71 (R~2=0.94,P<0.001)];牦牛皱胃连续注射酵母RNA测得牦牛吸收嘌呤在尿中的回收率为85%,则牦牛小肠吸收嘌呤(X, mmol/d)与尿嘌呤衍生物排出量(Y,mmol/d)的关系为: 相似文献
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《中国畜牧杂志》2015,(11)
本试验旨在研究酵母培养物(YC)对奶牛尿中嘌呤衍生物排出量、产奶性能及氮排泄的影响。选取年龄、体重、产奶量及泌乳期(135±15)d相近的荷斯坦奶牛40头,分为4组,对照组和3个试验组每头每天分别添加0、20、25、30 g酵母培养物,随全混合日粮(TMR)饲喂,测定尿中嘌呤衍生物排出量、产奶量、乳成分及氮排泄等指标。结果表明:日粮中添加YC可显著提高干物质采食量(P0.05);试验组尿中嘌呤衍生物排出量极显著高于对照组(P0.01),分别比对照组提高22.60%、34.43%、26.65%;试验组日均产奶量极显著高于对照组(P0.01),分别比对照组提高12.75%、12.69%、10.25%;YC能显著提高乳脂率和乳蛋白率(P0.05),显著降低牛奶体细胞数(P0.05);试验组氮排泄量显著低于对照组(P0.05),比对照组分别降低7.02%、11.06%、9.25%。由此可见,在本试验条件下,综合考虑奶牛尿中嘌呤衍生物排出量、产奶性能及氮排泄等指标,YC添加量以每头每天25 g为最佳。 相似文献
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本研究对3头牦牛施以皱胃瘘管手术,以酵母RNA为嘌呤碱基供体,连续注射4期,以期测定牦牛吸收嘌呤的回收率,为尿嘌呤衍生物估测牦牛瘤胃微生物氮产量的模型积累数据。 结果表明,牦牛皱胃连续注射酵母RNA可使尿囊素(564～1 426 μmol/kg BW0.75)、总嘌呤衍生物(purine derivative, PD)排出量(629～1 507 μmol/kg BW0.75)及尿囊素占总PD比例线性提高(0.90～0.95)(P<0.01);嘌呤碱基注射水平对尿酸、肌酐及尿氮排出量影响不显著(P>0.05)。回归分析发现,牦牛皱胃嘌呤注射量(X,mmol/d)与尿嘌呤衍生物排出量(Y,mmol/d) 间存在线性关系:Y=0.85X+33.02 (R2=0.96,P<0.001),牦牛吸收嘌呤在尿中的回收率为85%。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献