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<正>磷由于其独具的消化-吸收-代谢过程以及它在动物营养中不可取代性及其在配合饲料中的重要作用,促使人们100多年来对它的研究从未间断(霍启光,2002)。传统的有关猪用饲料原料中磷的生物学效价概念一直都假定植物性饲料中有1/3的磷对单胃动 相似文献
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植酸酶能够水解植酸盐,释放出能被动物利用的磷和多种微量元素。它不仅消除植酸的抗营养作用,还提高动物胃肠道消化酶的活性,提高饲料的利用率,减少饲料中添加高水平磷所造成的环境污染。本文综述了植酸酶在禽类饲料中的应用效果和近年来的研究进展。 相似文献
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植物性饲料中植酸磷和植酸酶的研究进展 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
磷 (Ｐｈｏｓｐｈｏｒｕｓ)是动植物体内的必需矿物元素 ,在动物体内磷不但是骨骼组织的必要成分 ,而且在其他代谢功能的正常发挥中起重要作用。由于植物性饲料中的磷大多以植酸磷的形式存在 ,而单胃动物体内缺乏植酸酶或酶的活性不高 ,长期以来人们往往是按照植物性饲料中磷的有效率为总磷的 1 /3的假设来进行饲料配方 ,有的甚至忽略不计 ,而用无机磷来满足动物对磷的需要量 ,这样势必造成磷源的浪费 ,导致磷的过量排泄。事实上 ,植物性饲料中的磷以植酸磷和非植酸磷两种形式存在 ,非植酸磷并非 1 0 0 %为动物所利用 ,植酸磷的含量也不是简… 相似文献
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<正>以植酸酶为首的饲用酶制剂作为一种饲料添加剂,在饲料中的应用效果已得到业界的普遍认可。它既能提高饲料的消化利用率、改善动物的生长性能,又可以减少动物氮、磷的 相似文献
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<正>一直以来,饲料中磷的利用率都用相对生物学效价来评估(Cromwell,1992),由于相对生物学效价的数据是基于动物体内磷的总量,因此要使用这一方法,需要给动物饲喂低于所评估磷含量的饲料(Cromwell,1992;Crenshaw,2001),由于猪对磷的需要量相对于磷在多种饲料原料中含量来说是比较低的,且随猪的生长,对磷的需求量也逐渐减少(NRC,1998),这给试验配方带来了巨大挑战。同时,相对生 相似文献
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单胃动物消化道内缺乏内源性植酸酶,在饲料生产中植物性饲料所占比例一般在90％以上,而饲料中的磷大部分以植酸磷的形式存在,很难被机体吸收利用。资料表明,猪对植物性饲料中磷的利用率为50％,鸡的利用率为30％。为了预防单胃动物的磷缺乏,必须向饲料中添加骨粉或磷酸氢钙等来补充饲料中的有效磷含量,磷酸氢钙含量虽高,但其含氟量一般都超标,长期使用会影响家畜家禽的生产性能。 相似文献
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胡少昶 《国外畜牧学(猪与禽)》1999,(2):23-24
中国和世界上其它地方有极大的机会利用植酸酶来提高商品饲料中磷的利用率。磷占鸡体矿物质总含量的２５％，它又是商品饲料中很昂贵的一种养分。常见饲料中总磷的７０％以结合态存在于植酸之中（见图１）。植酸磷不能为单胃动物所利用，因而必须向单胃动物日粮中添加无机... 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献