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用5种不同的禽流感疫苗以不同免疫剂量、不同免疫次数接种乌昌地区三黄鸡,定期检测禽流感免疫抗体,结果表明,重组禽流感病毒灭活疫苗(H5N1亚型,Re-1株)、Inactivated Vaccine of Avian Influenza(H5N2)和禽流感(H5+H9)二价灭活疫苗(H5N1Re-1+H9N2 Re-2株)等3种疫苗均能刺激机体产生良好的免疫抗体,而禽流感-新城疫重组二联活疫苗(rL-H5株)和禽流感重组鸡痘病毒载体活疫苗(H5亚型)的免疫抗体十分低下。经不同免疫次数的比较试验表明,重组禽流感病毒灭活疫苗(H5N1亚型,Re-1株)、Inactivated Vaccine of Avian Influenza(H5N2)和禽流感(H5+H9)二价灭活疫苗(H5N1Re-1+H9N2 Re-2株)二次免疫的H5抗体水平明显高于经一次免疫的抗体水平,且免疫持续期长。 相似文献
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《中国家禽》2015,(22)
为评价重组鸡白细胞介素6(rChIL-6)在商品鸡体内对重组禽流感病毒H5亚型二价灭活疫苗(H5N1,Re-6株+Re-7株)免疫增强作用,将rChIL-6与重组禽流感病毒H5亚型二价灭活疫苗(H5N1,Re-6株+Re-7株)采用肌肉注射方式免疫57日龄麻鸡,分别在疫苗接种前和接种后第7、14、21、35、42天,检测H5N1亚型禽流感病毒(Re-6、Re-7)血凝抑制(HI)抗体水平。结果表明:与灭活疫苗同时注射rChIL-6组比单一注射疫苗组的H5N1 Re-6抗体滴度可提高1.6 log2,Re-7抗体滴度可提高1.8 log2。提示rChIL-6对重组禽流感病毒H5亚型二价灭活疫苗(H5N1,Re-6株+Re-7株)有显著的免疫增强作用。 相似文献
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采用重组禽流感灭活疫苗(H5N1亚型,Re-1株)、禽流感灭活疫苗(H5亚型,N28株)、禽流感H5-H9二价灭活疫苗三种疫苗免疫农村散养鸭,结果表明,在一次免疫和加强免疫中,重组禽流感灭活疫苗、禽流感灭活疫苗的抗体效价都分别明显高于H5-H9二价灭活疫苗同期的H5抗体效价,因此对水禽免疫宜使用重组禽流感灭活疫苗或禽流感灭活疫苗;加强免疫明显比一次免疫效果好,应用禽流感灭活苗对散养鸭免疫,必须加强方可达到理想的免疫效果。 相似文献
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禽流感免疫是防控鸡禽流感的重要措施。目前,用于禽流感强制免疫的疫苗主要有三种:禽流感-新城疫重组二联活疫苗(rl-H5)、重组禽流感病毒H5亚型二价灭活疫苗(H5N1,Re-5+Re-4株)、禽流感H5-H9二价灭活疫苗。不论是活疫苗还是灭活苗,影响禽流感免疫效果的因素很多,实践中应对疫苗种类的选择、防疫程序的制订、接种途径、操作方法给予充分的重视,才能尽量减少免疫失败或不良反应。下面就禽流感疫苗使用的注意事项做简要探讨。 相似文献
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禽流感病毒（Avian Influenza Virus,AIV）是禽流行性感冒（简称禽流感,Avian Influenza,AI）的病原。其中高致病性的H5N1亚型AIV可以造成鸡群的大批死亡,对家禽养殖业影响严重,并可引起人的感染和死亡。通过接种疫苗能有效地控制禽流感的传播,在禽流感疫苗免疫效力的评价过程中,监测免疫鸡血清抗体是最常用、最可行的方法。2009年农业部批准重组禽流感病毒灭活疫苗（H5N1亚型,Re-5株）和重组禽流感病毒H5亚型二价灭活疫苗（H5N1,Re-5株＋Re-4株）制造,2012年重组禽流感病毒灭活疫苗（H5N1亚型,Re-6株）及重组禽流感病毒H5亚型二价灭活疫苗（H5N1,Re-6株＋Re-4株）取代以上两个产品,2014年,北方出现了新的7．2分支毒株,而禽流感Re-4株疫苗和Re-6株疫苗对这种新型流行株的保护效力并不佳。2014年4月11日,农业部发布“中华人民共和国农业部公告第2093号”,制定了重组禽流感病毒灭活疫苗（H5N1亚型,Re-7株）和重组禽流感病毒H5亚型二价灭活疫苗（Re-6株＋Re-7株）2种兽药产品制造及检验规程,全国将主要以Re-6与Re-7两种疫苗联合免疫为新的趋势。本试验分别用不同毒株的禽流感试验抗原与不同毒株禽流感疫苗免疫鸡的血清通过HI试验相互检测,对抗体效价进行分析,从而得出不同毒株的相关性。 相似文献
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对我国目前推广的5种不同禽流感疫苗进行了免疫效果的比对分析;对麻花鸡群以不同免疫剂量进行接种,比较分析了疫苗剂量对禽流感免疫效果的影响;对比结果表明,重组禽流感灭活疫苗（H5N1亚型,Re-1株）、禽流感灭活疫苗（H5N2亚型,N28株）、禽流感（H5＋H9）二价灭活疫苗（H5N1Re-1＋H9N2Re-2株）抗体水平高,效果稳定,这3种疫苗为乌鲁木齐市麻花鸡禽流感防控中的疫苗首选;不同免疫剂量的对比试验结果表明,最佳禽流感疫苗接种剂量为0.5ml。 相似文献
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禽流感病毒（Avian Influenza Virus,AIV）是禽流行性感冒（简称禽流感,Avian Influenza,AI）的病原。其中高致病性的H5N1亚型AIV可以造成鸡群的大批死亡,对家禽养殖业影响严重,并可引起人的感染和死亡。通过接种疫苗能有效地控制禽流感的传播,在禽流感疫苗免疫效力的评价过程中,监测免疫鸡血清抗体是最常用、最可行的方法。2009年农业部批准重组禽流感病毒灭活疫苗（H5N1亚型,Re-5株）和重组禽流感病毒H5亚型二价灭活疫苗（H5N1,Re-5株+Re-4株）制造,2012年重组禽流感病毒灭活疫苗（H5N1亚型,Re-6株）及重组禽流感病毒H5亚型二价灭活疫苗（H5N1,Re-6株+Re-4株）取代以上两个产品,2014年,北方出现了新的7.2分支毒株,而禽流感Re-4株疫苗和Re-6株疫苗对这种新型流行株的保护效力并不佳。2014年4月11日,农业部发布“中华人民共和国农业部公告第2093号”,制定了重组禽流感病毒灭活疫苗（H5N1亚型, Re-7株）和重组禽流感病毒H5亚型二价灭活疫苗（Re-6株+Re-7株）2种兽药产品制造及检验规程,全国将主要以Re-6与Re-7两种疫苗联合免疫为新的趋势。本试验分别用不同毒株的禽流感试验抗原与不同毒株禽流感疫苗免疫鸡的血清通过HI试验相互检测,对抗体效价进行分析,从而得出不同毒株的相关性。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献