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观察钩藤散对老年鼠衰老相关指标的影响。将老龄大鼠随机均分为4组,试验高剂量组每天灌胃给生药5g/kg体重(人的10倍等效量),中剂量组2.5g/kg,低剂量组1.25g/kg,正常对照组每天灌胃等量的蒸馏水,连续给药5周后测定血清乙酰胆碱酯酶(ACHE)活力和脑组织超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷光甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)、单胺氧化酶(MAO-B)、丙二醛(MDA)的含量变化。结果:3个试验组的血清ACHE活力、脑中SOD活力、GSH-PX含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),脑中MDA、MAO-B含量显著低于对照组(P<0.01)。说明钩藤散能提高抗氧化能力,降低自由基含量,具有抗衰老作用。 相似文献
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精胺对断奶仔猪小肠组织形态的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文旨在研究精胺(spermine)对断奶仔猪小肠组织形态与功能的影响。试验选取来源一致、体重相近的21日龄断奶仔猪30头,随机分为5组,每组6个重复,分别口腔灌服0、300、600、900和1200μmol/d的精胺,连续灌服3 d。试验期为14 d。试验结束末,屠宰全部仔猪,取小肠组织样品,分析小肠黏膜形态、蛋白质含量、DNA和RNA含量以及双糖酶活性。于试验第7天和第14天灌服D-木糖,60 min后采血,测定血清中D-木糖含量。结果表明:(1)灌服1200μmol/d的精胺可提高小肠绒毛高度、降低隐窝深度(P<0.05);(2)1200μmol/d的精胺组空肠麦芽糖酶活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05);(3)断奶后第7天,精胺各组与对照组血清D-木糖含量无显著差异(P>0.05);断奶后第14天,1200μmol/d精胺组血清D-木糖含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。口腔灌服1200μmol/d剂量的精胺可改善断奶仔猪小肠形态结构与吸收功能,作用效果具有后续性。 相似文献
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恩诺沙星在鸡体中的排泄及其在鸡粪中的降解 总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16
检测了在不同给药剂量下,健康鸡服用恩诺沙星后,在不同时间粪尿中恩诺沙星及其主要代谢产物的含量变化,并对在不同光照条件下鸡粪中恩诺沙星的降解进行了研究。结果表明,健康鸡灌服恩诺沙星后,主要以恩诺沙星原形、其次以环丙沙星的形式随粪(尿)排出体外。2.5 mg/kg体重剂量组和5 mg/kg体重剂量组在给药后6h恩诺沙星的排泄量达到最高峰;环丙沙星达到峰浓度的时间为4 h。7.5 mg/kg体重剂量组恩诺沙星排泄量达到最高峰的时间为9 h;环丙沙星达到峰浓度的时间为6 h。至给药后第10天时鸡粪中检不出恩诺沙星和环丙沙星。鸡粪中恩诺沙星的降解速率受光照条件的影响,在避光条件下,鸡粪中恩诺沙星几乎很少降解;在自然光照下,鸡粪中恩诺沙星的降解较快,其变化趋势符合一级动力学方程Ct=C0e-kt,并由此求得鸡粪中恩诺沙星在自然光照下的降解半衰期为(2.23±0.25)d。 相似文献
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100只13日龄白来航雏鸡随机分为5组,每组20只鸡,第1～4组为试验组,第5组为对照组,通过口腔灌服途径,给试验组鸡不同剂量的双氯芬酸(2.5 mg/kg、3.5 mg/kg、4.5 mg/kg、7.5 mg/kg体重),喂药后24 h、48 h、72 h观察鸡的临床症状、病理组织学变化及临床病理学指标(血清尿酸(UA)、血清尿素氮(BUN)、血清K+、Na+、Ca2+、Cl和pH值等)检测,以阐明双氯芬酸的毒性作用.结果表明:给予7.5 mg/kg体重剂量的药物对雏鸡产生毒性作用,20只鸡中有4只鸡发生死亡,剖检发现有明显的内脏型痛风的病理变化,显微镜观察,肾小管内有尿酸盐沉积、肾小管坏死等病理变化,在肾、肝和脾脏中可见痛风石形成.在喂药后24 h,鸡血尿酸水平显著升高,BUN浓度也升高.其他试验组没有明显的变化.结论:双氯芬酸通过对肾脏的损伤作用,诱导鸡发生内脏型痛风. 相似文献
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《中国兽医杂志》2016,(9)
为了研究全反式维甲酸(ATRA)对新城疫疫苗的体液免疫增强效果,本试验选取1日龄AA肉鸡作为研究对象,低剂量组和高剂量组分别灌服1μmol/kg体重和5μmol/kg体重ATRA,在7日龄和28日龄时对药物对照组、低剂量组、高剂量组通过滴鼻、点眼的方法免疫新城疫疫苗。在7、14、21、28、35、42日龄和49日龄,每组随机取7只鸡,称重,采集胸腺、脾脏、腔上囊和血清,计算胸腺、脾脏和腔上囊免疫器官指数,利用血凝抑制(HI)试验检测血清中新城疫抗体效价。结果表明,ATRA可以促进雏鸡免疫器官生长,提高雏鸡免疫器官指数和新城疫抗体效价,表明ATRA可以增强雏鸡的体液免疫应答,且5μg/kg体重剂量ATRA对新城疫疫苗的体液免疫增强效果更显著。 相似文献
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为了评价鱼腥草芩蓝口服液的毒性,为临床安全用药提供依据。以昆明小鼠和SD大鼠为研究对象进行鱼腥草芩蓝口服液急性和长期毒性试验。急性毒性试验中,采用最大给药量试验,以健康小鼠20只,24 h内按68 g/kg体重灌胃给药3次,给药后连续观察10 d,测定其最大给药量。长期毒性试验中,将80只健康大鼠随机分为对照组和高、中、低剂量组,每组雌雄各10只。对照组按20 m L/kg灌服生理盐水,给药组分别按34、17和8.5 g/kg灌服鱼腥草芩蓝口服液,每天一次,连续给药35 d。结果显示,小鼠灌服鱼腥草芩蓝口服液的最大给药量为204 g/kg。鱼腥草芩蓝口服液对试验大鼠的精神状态、脏器指数、生理生化指标均没有影响,且对主要脏器也没有明显的病理组织学损伤。结果表明鱼腥草芩蓝口服液在临床应用是安全的。 相似文献
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米糠多糖对健康雏鸡外周血T淋巴细胞转化和体液免疫的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
为探讨米糠多糖对鸡免疫功能的影响,选用100只10日龄京白939蛋雏鸡,随机平均分为4组。Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组从10日龄起分别灌服低、中、高3个剂量米糠多糖(50、100和200mg/(kg.d)),每天一次性灌服规定剂量,连续5d;Ⅰ组同时灌服生理盐水作为对照,1mL/只。在灌服米糠多糖前1d和灌服后7、14和21d,分别测定雏鸡外周血T淋巴细胞转化能力和血清IgG、IgA和IgM含量。在雏鸡14日龄时,对照组和米糠多糖处理组均实施新城疫(ND)疫苗免疫,间隔1周后进行禽流感(AI)疫苗免疫。分别在ND疫苗和AI疫苗免疫前1d和免疫后7、14和21d测定ND抗体和AI抗体效价。结果显示:(1)雏鸡灌服3个不同剂量米糠多糖后的7、14和21d,外周血T淋巴细胞转化能力均显著高于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01),且以100mg/(kg.d)剂量组效果最好。(2)雏鸡服用3个剂量组米糠多糖后7、14和21d,血清IgG含量均高于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01);血清中IgA含量,在14d时,低剂量组与对照组无显著差异,中、高剂量组显著高于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01);IgM含量在灌服米糠多糖后7d时,Ⅳ组高与对照组无差异(P>0.05);14d时,Ⅲ组与对照组无差异(P>0.05);米糠多糖其他剂量组在7和14d,血清IgM含量均高于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01);21d时,米糠多糖处理组与对照组比较无显著差异。(3)雏鸡服用米糠多糖可以提高ND疫苗和AI疫苗免疫后的特异性抗体效价,且免疫效果与米糠多糖剂量呈正相关。试验结果表明,米糠多糖能够从促进蛋雏鸡外周血T淋巴细胞转化功能、提高血清免疫球蛋白含量以及提高疫苗免疫特异性抗体效价等方面调节健康雏鸡的免疫功能。 相似文献
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《中兽医医药杂志》2020,(1)
探究四君子汤和补中益气汤对雏鸡免疫功能的影响。试验选取1日龄健康雏鸡150只,饲喂全价饲料,随机分为3组,每组50只。对照组雏鸡每天灌服纯化水0.4 m L/kg,四君子汤组雏鸡每天灌服四君子汤0.4 mL/kg,补中益气汤组雏鸡每天灌服补中益气汤0.4 mL/kg,连续给药3 d。在给药结束的第7天、14天、21天、28天,采集血液并分离血清,测定雏鸡血清中IgG、IgA、IgM、IL-1β、IL-2的含量。结果显示,雏鸡应用四君子汤或补中益气汤后,血清中IgG、IgM、IgA、IL-1β、IL-2的含量均显著升高(P0.05)。表明四君子汤和补中益气汤可以显著提高雏鸡的免疫功能。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献