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在我国炎热的夏季，哺乳母猪平均采食量远远低于NRC（1998）所要求的5．0kg／d（消化能14．2MJ／kg）以上，如果哺乳母猪采食量偏低，会动用机体的营养储备，供维持和泌乳所需，导致营养输出大于营养摄入，造成体质量损失。大量的研究表明，哺乳母猪（尤其是初产母猪）损失过量的体质量会严重影响其泌乳量和随后的繁殖性能，如仔猪断奶质量和哺乳期成活率低，母猪发情间隔期延长，断奶后7d内发情率低，受胎率和胚胎成活率降低，甚至影响到母猪的使用寿命等（WH close，2003）。 相似文献
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试验研究不同甜菜粕添加水平对哺乳母猪生产和仔猪生长性能的影响,旨在为哺乳母猪饲料中甜菜粕的开发利用提供数据支持。选取3到5胎健康PIC母猪48头,随机分为3组,每组16个重复,每个重复1头,分别饲喂甜菜粕添加水平为0%,5%,10%的3种试验日粮。结果表明哺乳母猪日粮中添加甜菜粕可以显著提高哺乳母猪平均日采食量(P0.05),10%水平组哺乳母猪平均日采食量显著优于对照组。仔猪生长性能及母猪日均泌乳量、平均日采食量、发情间隔各处理组间差异均不显著(P0.05),但10%水平组可获得较好的仔猪平均断奶重、仔猪断奶窝重、窝增重、仔猪平均日增重、母猪日均泌乳量、母猪平均日采食量、母猪断奶发情间隔。研究表明,在哺乳母猪日粮中添加10%甜菜粕可提高哺乳母猪平均日采食量,有利于缩短哺乳母猪断奶发情间隔和提高断奶后母猪发情率。 相似文献
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1提高排卵率时期（断奶～配种）
从断奶至配种饲喂哺乳料，要最大限度的增加采食量，这不仅能使母猪尽快恢复哺乳期间的体重损失，也能提高母猪的排卵率。最好断奶当天不要断食断水，如断奶当天断食断水，就会使母猪再发情日延长1-2天。 相似文献
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广西海和种猪有限责任公司2012年10-11月母猪（其中2/3为第1胎母猪）哺乳期间日平均采食量为（7.22±0.21）kg,哺乳期失重（11.43±3.21）kg,断奶至发情间隔（3.58±1.21）d。从此,海和种猪有限公司的新美系种猪在哺乳期间的表现,生产成绩不断提高并稳定在一个较好的水平,到2013年5月该种猪公司母猪平均断奶窝产成活仔猪数在12头,断奶日龄21 d,平均断奶重在7 kg左右,母猪平均日采食量都在6 kg以上。海和种猪公司2013年已实现每头母猪平均断奶成活仔猪28头。 相似文献
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1 前言。喷雾干燥血浆（SDAP）能够提高断奶仔猪采食量,改善体内炎症（特别是肠道粘膜炎症）的免疫应答.母猪热应激造成的采食下降会导致哺乳期失重增加、配种期延长.本研究的目的是评估喷雾干燥血浆对定位栏哺乳母猪采食量、断奶仔猪成活率、仔猪体重、母猪断奶至发情间隔、以及随后母猪窝产仔数的影响。 相似文献
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泌乳期间的低采食量会导致母猪体储备的过度损失而显著降低体重和背膘储备 ,延长断奶到重新交配的时间 ,降低妊娠率和产仔数 ,缩短母猪的使用年限。母猪泌乳期间的饲喂水平也会影响仔猪的生产性能 ,母猪泌乳期间饲料消耗同产奶量直接相关 ,采食量增加 ,产奶量也会有较大提高 ,产奶量的高低会影响哺乳仔猪的生长速度。提高母猪泌乳期饲料采食量的方法之一是确保母猪妊娠期间不要过度饲喂。母猪泌乳期的饲料采食量和妊娠期的饲料采食量呈负相关 ,妊娠期的饲料采食量增加 ,泌乳期的饲料采食量则下降。因此 ,妊娠期的饲料采食量应减少 ,否则妊娠… 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献
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乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制. 相似文献
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Billinghurst RC Brama PA van Weeren PR Knowlton MS McIlwraith CW 《American journal of veterinary research》2004,65(2):143-150
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis. 相似文献