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１．血粉饲料：各种畜禽及鱼类等动物的血液是动物蛋白质资源。血细胞中含蛋白质十分丰富,营养成分与豆粕接近。用动物血与麸皮或米糠、饼粉等按２．５：２的比例混匀,晒干后粉碎即成血粉饲料。畜禽日粮中血粉添加量：猪为３％～５％,鸡为３％。 ２．昆虫饲料：昆虫的蛋白质含量高,可代替精饲料饲喂畜禽。如黄粉虫的幼虫、蛹及成虫蛋白质含量分别为５１％、５７％和６１％;蚯蚓蛋白质含量高达６６％;蝇蛆粉含蛋白质６３％左右;蚕蛹粉蛋白质含量７０％以上。此外,白蚁富含蛋白质和微量元素。畜禽食后不仅生长快,还可提高免疫力。 ３… 相似文献
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<正> 可供加工草(叶)粉的植物,特别是人工栽培的优良牧草,大多数为高蛋白、高脂肪、高碳水化合物、高灰分牧草,其维生素含量十分丰富,具有较高的饲用价值。优良牧草如苜蓿、白三叶、黑麦草等,它们的粗蛋白含量都在15％～20％(风干物),较禾谷类籽实的蛋白质含量高出一倍左右。因牛羊兔等草食家畜能大量采食草质饲料,故用草(叶)粉做配合日粮的基础成分,其蛋白质水平可轻易达到14％～18％的含量。对猪鸡配合饲料来说,用禾谷类籽实做基础饲料,加入10％～15％草粉,蛋白质水平可由原来的10％提高到12％～13％。这个水平接近猪鸡饲料中蛋白质的最低需要量,若稍加饼类或动物性饲料,即能使蛋白质的含量调制到理想水平。 相似文献
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一、蛋壳粉饲料蛋壳粉是畜禽用的优质矿物质饲料。含有３％的蛋白质、９０％碳酸铵、１％碳酸镁等。猪的日粮中可以加入蛋壳粉１％～２％，牛、羊加入０．５％～１％，鸡、鸭加入４～６克为宜。 二、秸秆壳饲料玉米、油菜、向日葵、水稻、豆科作物的秸秆和籽壳，风干粉碎成粉，是很好的饲料，并可部分代替精饲料。一般日粮中猪可以加入２５％～３０％，家禽加入８％。 三、树叶饲料如紫穗槐树叶、松叶、桑叶、梨树叶、榆树叶等。松针粉其营养价值与紫苜蓿相似，鸡饲料中添加５％松针粉，可提高产蛋率。 四、禽畜粪饲料猪牛羊鸡粪便是一种很… 相似文献
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为广开饲料来源，降低养鱼成本，印度水产科研人员使用椰仁粉养殖露斯塔鲮鱼种进行了试验。用椰仁粉或用水浸泡的椰仁粉代替饲料中２０、３０、４０％的鱼粉配制了 ６种等氮饲料，饲料含粗蛋白 ３５％，投饵试验时间 ８０ ｄ。室温下用水浸泡 １６ ｈ的椰仁粉，丹宁酸的含量由 ２．４％下降至０．９％。试验结果表明：用水浸泡过的椰仁粉代替３０％的鱼粉养殖鲮鱼种的饲料转换率、蛋白质效率和生长率最高，鱼体肌肉中的蛋白质含量高。鲮鱼种生长和表观消化率随饲料中椰仁粉含量的增加而下降。结论是：椰仁粉可代替饲料中 ２０％的鱼粉，而用… 相似文献
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蛋白质饲料指蛋白质含量占干物质20%以上的饲料，根据来源不同可分为植物性蛋白质饲料和动物性蛋白质饲料两类。前者如饼粕、豆类耔实，后者如鱼粉、肉粉、血粉、羽毛粉以及动物食品加工下脚料。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献