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《中国兽医学报》2016,(4):665-668
免疫球蛋白λ多肽1(immunoglobulin lambda-like polypeptide 1,IGLL1)是一种具有编码蛋白质特性的基因,位于17号染色体上。通过本实验室前期的奶牛乳腺组织转录组测序研究表明,IGLL1基因可能对奶牛乳脂的合成代谢产生影响。本试验以中国荷斯坦奶牛乳腺组织为研究对象,选取3头高脂中国荷斯坦奶牛,3头低脂中国荷斯坦奶牛的乳腺组织提取RNA并反转录为c DNA,进行RT-PCR,并对数据进行统计分析,研究IGLL1基因在奶牛乳腺组织中的表达差异。结果显示,该基因在高脂奶牛及低脂奶牛的乳腺组织中均有表达,且高脂奶牛的乳腺组织中的表达量显著高于低脂奶牛的表达量(P=0.0370.05)。研究表明,IGLL1基因可能对中国荷斯坦奶牛的乳脂的合成或代谢产生影响。该研究为奶牛的优良品种选育提供了试验基础。 相似文献
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旨在对高、低乳脂率奶牛乳腺上皮细胞(BMECs)转录组测序的mRNA表达谱数据进行深入分析,挖掘影响奶牛乳脂代谢的关键候选基因。本研究采用Illumina PE150方法对乳脂率具有极端差异的荷斯坦奶牛(高、低乳脂组各4头)的BMECs进行转录组测序,以P<0.05和|log2FoldChange|≥1.5为阈值筛选差异表达基因,并利用KOBAS在线网址进行功能富集分析,最后通过实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)技术分析测序结果的准确性及乳脂代谢相关差异表达基因的组织表达谱。结果表明,在高、低乳脂组之间共发现578个差异表达基因,包括332个上调差异表达基因,246个下调差异表达基因。功能富集分析共确定了包含生物学过程(BP)、细胞组分(CC)和分子功能(MF)的366个显著富集的GO条目(P<0.05),其中与脂代谢密切相关的GO条目有长链脂肪酸的运输、脂肪细胞分化的正向调节、乳腺肺泡发育、花生四烯酸的结合等。差异表达基因显著富集到47条KEGG通路(P<0.05),参与脂代谢的通路有15条,分别为脂肪细胞内脂解的调节、磷脂酶D信号通路、河马... 相似文献
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作者所在团队前期通过奶牛乳腺上皮组织转录组测序及荷斯坦公牛全基因组重测序研究发现RPL23A和ACACB基因是奶牛乳蛋白和乳脂性状的候选功能基因,本研究旨在探究这两个基因是否对奶牛产奶性状具有显著遗传效应。以北京地区7个牧场的1059头中国荷斯坦母牛为试验群体,采集尾根静脉血并提取基因组DNA,通过飞行时间质谱方法检测SNP位点基因型,利用SAS9.4软件的MIXED过程进行关联分析。结果表明,RPL23A基因的SNP位点g.20146771C>T与第1泌乳期5个产奶性状达到显著或极显著关联(P=0.0001~0.0416),其优势等位基因为T;ACACB基因的g.63878254T>C位点与第1泌乳期产奶量、乳脂量和乳蛋白量呈极显著关联(P<0.01),其优势等位基因为C;g.63962768G>A位点与第1泌乳期产奶量、乳脂量、乳脂率和乳蛋白率关联显著或极显著(P=0.0001~0.0391),其优势等位基因为A。综上,RPL23A基因主要影响中国荷斯坦牛产奶量和乳蛋白,ACACB基因对产奶量和乳脂具有显著遗传效应,3个SNP位点可考虑作为遗传标记用于标记辅助选择培育奶牛高乳蛋白乳脂新品系和选育提高。 相似文献
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试验旨在快速有效地检测泌乳奶牛的二酰甘油转酰基酶1（diacylgycerol acyltransferase 1,DGAT1）乳脂量性状的优势等位基因K232A单核苷酸多态性,确定DGAT1基因型进而确定泌乳性状,为中国荷斯坦奶牛分子标记辅助选择提供技术支持。选取6头泌乳初期（3头为高乳产量牛,3头为低乳产量牛）中国北方荷斯坦奶牛为研究对象,提取乳腺组织基因组DNA,分别设计1对外引物和1对内引物,建立一种四引物ARMS-PCR体系快速检测奶牛乳腺组织DGAT1基因单核苷酸多态性。结果发现,外引物扩增片段长度为512 bp,为PCR反应的阳性对照,基因型为232K扩增片段长度为369 bp,基因型为232A扩增片段长度为181 bp。PCR结果显示,6头牛的乳腺组织样本均由外部引物扩增出长度为512 bp的片段,泌乳期高乳产量奶牛和泌乳期低乳产量奶牛乳腺组织的特异性扩增片段长度均为181 bp。表明本研究选取的6头奶牛样本DGAT1基因K232A多态性均为232A型。提示该PCR鉴定方法能够快速有效地鉴定奶牛DGAT1基因型,可用于中国荷斯坦奶牛分子标记辅助选择。 相似文献
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奶牛乳脂代谢关键miRNAs的筛选及鉴定 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
旨在探究影响中国荷斯坦奶牛乳脂代谢过程的关键miRNAs及靶mRNAs。本研究选择泌乳中后期(150～220 d)的第一胎次且乳脂率具有极端差异的8头宁夏荷斯坦奶牛,根据乳脂率的差异分为两组：高乳脂组和低乳脂组,每组4个重复。采集8头奶牛的奶样分离乳腺上皮细胞,进行转录组测序和生物信息学分析,筛选出差异表达miRNA-mRNA并与乳脂率进行相关性分析。通过实时荧光定量PCR验证miRNAs和mRNAs表达。结果表明,8个small RNA(sRNA)文库测序获得11 976 914～16 235 680的clean reads,占总raw reads的比例均在97%以上,Q30达到91%以上,sRNA片段长度主要分布在21～24 nt。在高乳脂组和低乳脂组间共鉴定了34个差异表达miRNAs(16个上调,18个下调)。GO和KEGG富集分析表明,差异表达miRNAs的靶基因在细胞内信号转导、单一生物体过程、激酶结合和磷酸转移酶活性等功能条目显著富集,并且显著富集到TNF信号传导途径、MAPK信号传导途径、Ras信号传导途径、Rap1信号通路和催产素信号传导途径等乳脂代谢相关通路。通过m... 相似文献
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中国荷斯坦奶牛RPL23A、ACACB基因3个SNPs检测及其与产奶性状的关联分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
旨在开展奶牛群体高乳成分功能基因的验证与筛选,利用微流控芯片自主选育技术分析北京地区母牛群体高乳蛋白、高乳脂基因频率,同时分析基因多态性及其与产奶性状的相关性。本研究对北京地区8个大型奶牛场1 596头中国荷斯坦奶牛RPL23A、ACACB基因的多态性进行了检测,所有个体均为3胎以内的泌乳牛,收集每头牛所有测定日的产奶量、乳脂率、乳蛋白率等数据,同时对3个多态位点不同基因型与产奶性状进行了关联分析。RPL23A基因的SNP位点g.20146771G>A,在第一泌乳期,与产奶量、乳脂量、乳脂率和乳蛋白量均达到极显著关联（P<0.01）,第二泌乳期,g.20146771G>A与5个产奶性状均呈极显著关联（P<0.01）。ACACB基因的SNP位点g.63962768C>T,在第一泌乳期,与产奶量、乳脂量、乳脂率和乳蛋白量均呈极显著关联（P<0.01）,在第二泌乳期,与产奶量、乳脂量、乳脂率和乳蛋白率呈极显著关联（P<0.01）。结果表明,RPL23A、ACACB基因可以作为影响中国荷斯坦奶牛产奶性状的候选基因用于标记辅助选择,以上基因位点可能通过直接或间接的途径影响奶牛的乳脂或乳蛋白性状,对产奶性状起到重要调控作用。本研究为荷斯坦奶牛后续的标记辅助选择奠定了良好基础。 相似文献
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选取40头健康荷斯坦泌乳盛期奶牛完全随机分为2组,每组20头。对照组牛群饲喂基础日粮,试验组牛群在基础饲料中添加20 g/（日.头）的瘤胃保护胆碱,分三次饲喂,瘤胃保护胆碱直接投喂于TMR日粮上。试验期60 d。测定了产奶量,牛奶中的乳脂率、乳蛋白、体细胞数。试验结果表明：在本试验的条件下,试验组牛群在基础饲料中添加20 g/（日.头）的瘤胃保护胆碱后,奶牛的平均产奶量显著提高了1.6%（P〈0.05）,乳脂率提高了0.06%（P〈0.05）;乳蛋白率、乳蛋白量、乳脂量、体细胞数均无显著差异（P〉0.05）。 相似文献
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《中国饲料》2014,(18)
为研究发酵玉米秸秆对泌乳期奶牛产奶量及乳成分的影响,选择30头体况良好、胎次相同、产奶量相近的泌乳期荷斯坦奶牛,随机分为3组,对照组为未处理秸秆组,试验Ⅰ组为低菌量发酵秸秆组,试验Ⅱ组为高菌量发酵秸秆组,预试期10 d,试验期60 d。结果表明,试验Ⅱ组各阶段奶牛干物质采食量较对照组分别提高10.90%、8.34%、8.97%(P0.05);各试验组奶牛产奶量均显著高于对照组(P0.05);41~60 d,试验Ⅱ组与对照组相比,乳蛋白率、乳脂率、乳糖率、非乳脂固体物含量均显著提高(P0.05),试验Ⅰ组乳脂率比对照组提高2.95%(P0.05)。由此可见,秸秆发酵后,品质明显改善,利用率提高,可改善奶牛生产性能。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献