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《中国兽医杂志》2016,(10)
为了研究强痛宁麻醉下大鼠中枢脑区一氧化碳合酶(NOS)活性、NO和环乌苷酸(cGMP)浓度变化,探讨强痛宁麻醉镇痛的中枢作用机理。将24只SD大鼠随机分成4组,分别为对照组、诱导期、麻醉期和催醒期组,于不同时期采集大鼠大脑皮质、小脑、脑干、海马和丘脑。采用比色法测定NOS活性和NO含量,酶联免疫吸附法测定cGMP浓度。结果表明,腹腔注射强痛宁6 mg/kg体重后,麻醉期各脑区NOS活性显著降低(P0.05或P0.01);NO产量与对照组比较降低极显著(P0.01);cGMP浓度降低显著(P0.05或P0.01)。结果提示,强痛宁抑制大鼠中枢脑区NOS活性,阻断NO/cGMP信号转导可能是其产生全麻作用的重要机理之一。 相似文献
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《中国兽医杂志》2016,(4)
为了研究鹿特异性复合麻醉剂麻醉下大鼠不同脑区兴奋性氨基酸类神经递质含量的变化,探讨鹿特异性复合麻醉剂的中枢作用的可能机理。将32只SD大鼠随机分成对照组、诱导组、麻醉组、苏醒组,采用反向高效液相色谱法测定各脑区GLU和ASP的含量。结果显示,腹腔注射鹿特异性复合麻醉剂30 mg/kg体重后,诱导组大鼠大脑、小脑、脑干和海马GLU和ASP含量与对照组比较降低显著(P0.05或P0.01);麻醉组大脑、小脑、脑干和海马GLU和ASP含量显著低于对照组(P0.01);苏醒组小脑和脑干GLU和海马中的ASP与对照组比较差异仍显著(P0.05)。麻醉全程,丘脑内GLU含量与对照组比较差异不显著(P0.05)。表明鹿特异性复合麻醉剂的中枢作用,可能与降低大脑、小脑、脑干和海马内的GLU、ASP和丘脑内的ASP含量有关。 相似文献
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《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2015,(9)
为了研究鹿特异性复合麻醉剂对大鼠丘脑中γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)和甘氨酸(GLY)含量的影响,探讨其中枢麻醉作用的可能机理,试验采用反向高效液相色谱技术测定对照组、诱导组、麻醉组、苏醒组大鼠各脑区GABA和GLY的含量。结果表明:腹腔注射鹿特异性复合麻醉剂30 mg/kg后,诱导组大鼠丘脑中GABA和GLY含量与对照组比较显著或极显著升高(P0.05或P0.01);麻醉组大鼠丘脑中GABA和GLY含量极显著高于对照组(P0.01);苏醒组大鼠丘脑中GABA含量仍高于对照组,GLY含量恢复到对照水平。说明鹿特异性复合麻醉剂引起的大鼠丘脑中GABA和GLY含量的变化与该药物引起的麻醉具有相关性。 相似文献
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为研究鹿特异性复合麻醉剂麻醉与大鼠各脑区突触体ATP酶活性的关系,探讨其麻醉机理。将20只SD大鼠分为对照组和麻醉组,对照组大鼠腹腔注射30mL/kg生理盐水,试验组腹腔注射30mg/kg鹿特异性复合麻醉剂,采集大鼠各脑区,利用比色法测定脑区内Na＋-K＋-ATP、Ca2＋-AT P和Mg2＋-ATP酶活性。结果显示,药物作用后大鼠大脑皮层和脑干Na＋、K＋-ATP酶活性与对照组比较降低显著（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）,小脑、脑干和海马Ca2＋-ATP酶活性与对照组比较显著降低（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）,大脑Mg2＋-AT P酶活性低于对照组（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）。结果表明,麻醉引起大鼠大脑皮层、脑干中Na＋-K＋-ATP酶活性降低,大脑皮层中Mg2＋-ATP酶活性低,小脑、脑干和海马脑区中Ca2＋-ATP酶活性降低可能是鹿特异性复合麻醉剂麻醉作用的机理之一。 相似文献
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《畜牧与兽医》2016,(6):97-99
通过检测鹿复合麻醉剂作用下大鼠小脑及海马突触体Ca~(2+)-Mg_(2+)-ATP酶活性的变化,探讨其麻醉与该脑区突触体Ca~(2+)-Mg_(2+)-ATP酶相关性。32只纯种SD大鼠随机分为对照组、诱导组、麻醉组和催醒组,利用比色法测定Ca~(2+)-Mg_(2+)-ATP酶活性。结果显示,药物作用后大鼠小脑及海马脑区突触体Ca~(2+)-ATP酶活性显著低于对照组(P0.01或P0.05);小脑脑区突触体Mg_(2+)-ATP酶活性降低,与对照组比较显著降低(P0.01或P0.05)。结果提示,鹿复合麻醉剂抑制了大鼠小脑、海马脑区突触体Ca~(2+)-ATP酶活性及小脑脑区突触体Mg_(2+)-ATP酶活性。 相似文献
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《中国兽医杂志》2016,(9)
为研究鹿复合麻醉剂作用下血浆中一氧化氮(NO)、内皮素(ET)和降钙素基因相关肽(CGRP)含量变化与血流动力学变化的相关性,探讨鹿复合麻醉剂引起鹿血流动力学变化的部分机理。试验选取6只健康成年梅花鹿,肌肉注射鹿复合麻醉剂0.04 m L/kg体重,注药前及注药后15、30、45、60、75、90、120 min进行收缩压、舒张压、平均动脉压及心率的监测,并同步采集颈静脉血样测定NO、ET和CGRP含量。结果表明,麻醉期鹿血浆ET变化与收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、平均动脉压(MAP)和心率(HR)变化趋势大致相似,存在着一定相关性(P0.01);CGRP变化与上述指标变化趋势相反,存在一定负相关性(P0.01);NO变化不显著(P0.05)。结果提示,鹿复合麻醉剂作用下引起ET和CGRP含量的变化参与了鹿血流动力学的调节。 相似文献
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替来他明及小型猪复方麻醉剂对大鼠不同脑区一氧化氮及一氧化氮合酶的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
目的-研究一氧化氮(NO)、一氧化氮合酶(NOS)在替来他明及小型猪复方麻醉剂(XFM)全麻分子机理中可能的作用.方法-SD大鼠96只,先随机均分替来他明组和XFM组,每组又随机均分为对照组、麻醉组、恢复Ⅰ组和恢复Ⅱ组.用比色法分别测定各脑区的NO产量和NOS活性.结果-ip替来他明30 mg/kg后,在麻醉组大脑皮层、海马及丘脑的NOS活性受到明显抑制,且使NO产量显著减少(与对照组相比,P<0.05).在恢复Ⅰ组上述脑区NO产量、NOS活性呈现不同程度恢复,到恢复Ⅱ组时明显恢复(与对照组相比,P＞0.05).在替来他明麻醉全过程中小脑和脑干NOS活性无明显变化.大鼠ip XFM 0.5 mL/100g后,在麻醉组大脑皮层、小脑和丘脑的NOS活性明显受到抑制,且使NO产量显著减少(与对照组相比,P<0.01).而在恢复Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组上述3个脑区的NO产量、NOS活性明显恢复(与对照组相比,P＞0.05).在XFM麻醉全过程中海马和脑干NOS活性无明显变化.结论-NO、NOS参与了替来他明及XFM全麻作用产生的分子学机理的调控.替来他明全麻作用可能与抑制大脑皮层、海马和丘脑等脑区的NO产量、NOS活性相关.而XFM全麻作用可能与抑制大脑皮层、小脑和丘脑等脑区的NO产量、NOS活性相关. 相似文献
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《畜牧与兽医》2016,(2):116-118
为观察鹿特异性复合麻醉剂对梅花鹿循环和呼吸的影响,6只成年健康梅花鹿被肌注鹿特异性复合麻醉剂0.04 m L/kg,给药后全程监测动物的麻醉状态、呼吸频率(RR)、心率(HR)、收缩压(SBP)、平均动脉压(MAP)、舒张压(DBP)、动脉血氧饱和度(SPO2)、体温(T)等参数。结果显示:鹿特异性复合麻醉剂作用梅花鹿的诱导时间为(6.10±0.45)min,麻醉时间为(91.67±2.25)min,苏醒时间(33.0±2.0)min;梅花鹿在诱导期HR、RR出现一过性升高,进入麻醉期后开始降低,与诱导前比较变化显著(P0.05);麻醉期DBP、SBP、MAP、T和SPO2与诱导前比较显著降低(P0.05)。结果提示:鹿特异性复合麻醉剂对梅花鹿麻醉期循环和呼吸部分指标有一定影响,但苏醒后各指标恢复正常。 相似文献
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目的-研究一氧化氮（N0）、一氧化氮合酶（NOs）在替来他明及小型猪复方麻醉剂（XFM）全麻分子机理中可能的作用。方法-SD大鼠96只，先随机均分替来他明组和XFM组，每组又随机均分为对照组、麻醉组、恢复Ⅰ组和恢复Ⅱ组。用比色法分别测定各脑区的NO产量和NOS活性。结果-ip替来他明30mg／kg后，在麻醉组大脑皮层、海马及丘脑的NOS活性受到明显抑制，且使NO产量显著减少（与对照组相比，P〈0．05）。在恢复Ⅰ组上述脑区NO产量、NOS活性呈现不同程度恢复，到恢复Ⅱ组时明显恢复（与对照组相比，P〉0．05）。在替来他明麻醉全过程中小脑和脑于NOS活性无明显变化。大鼠ipXFM0．5mL／100g后，在麻醉组大脑皮层、小脑和丘脑的NOS活性明显受到抑制，且使NO产量显著减少（与对照组相比，P〈0．01）。而在恢复Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组上述3个脑区的NO产量、NOS活性明显恢复（与对照组相比，P〉0．05）。在XFM麻醉全过程中海马和脑干NOS活性无明显变化。结论-NO、NOS参与了替来他明及XFM全麻作用产生的分子学机理的调控。替来他明全麻作用可能与抑制大脑皮层、海马和丘脑等脑区的NO产量、NOS活性相关。而XFM全麻作用可能与抑制大脑皮层、小脑和丘脑等脑区的N0产量、NOS活性相关。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献