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1.
24只4周龄雄性SD大鼠,分成4组并每天按以下处理:对照组灌服蒸馏水(10 mL/kg);葛根素组每日按照100mg/kg的用量灌服葛根素;镉组按照2mg/kg的Cd2+用量腹腔注射氯化镉溶液(10g/L);镉+葛根素组,在镉组的处理基础上,再按照100mg/kg的用量灌服葛根素。4周后,将大鼠麻醉并处死,摘取睾丸称其质量并计算脏器系数,睾丸制成组织匀浆检测大鼠睾丸中过氧化氢酶(CAT)、还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)和丙二醛(MDA)的含量,并制作睾丸病理切片显微镜观察。结果显示与对照组相比,镉组大鼠睾丸脏器系数极显著降低(P0.01);睾丸组织中CAT和MDA的含量显著或极显著增加(P0.05或P0.01),GSH含量极显著减少(P0.01);与镉组相比,镉+葛根素组睾丸脏器系数极显著升高(P0.01);睾丸组织中CAT和MDA的含量显著降低(P0.05),GSH含量显著增加(P0.05)。病理切片显示镉组大鼠睾丸组织的细胞出现实化,看不到各级睾丸细胞正常结构,镉+葛根素组与镉组相比,睾丸细胞损坏程度都有所减轻。本试验表明镉对大鼠睾丸有损伤作用,而葛根素能减轻这种损伤,对镉致大鼠睾丸损伤具有保护作用。 相似文献
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《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2014,(23)
为了研究黄芩素对镉致大鼠肝脏损伤的保护作用,试验将20只雄性SD大鼠随机分为对照组、黄芩素组、镉组、镉+黄芩素组,各组每天分别灌服生理盐水、黄芩素、氯化镉、氯化镉+黄芩素。6周后处死大鼠,采集血清和肝脏,检测血清中天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)和丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)活性,肝脏组织中丙二醛(MDA)和还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量。结果表明:镉可极显著提高AST、ALT活性(P0.01),显著升高MDA和降低GSH含量(P0.05);黄芩素能显著降低镉组AST、ALT活性(P0.05),显著降低MDA和升高GSH含量(P0.05)。说明镉可导致大鼠肝脏组织脂质过氧化损伤,黄芩素对镉导致的损伤具有保护效应。 相似文献
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36头波尔山羊随机分成4组,选用钼酸铵、氯化镉作为试验钼源、镉源。对照组口服相应剂量去离子水,试验组分为低镉低钼组(Cd 0.5mg/kg+Mo 15mg/kg)、低镉中钼组(Cd 0.5mg/kg+Mo 30mg/kg)、低镉高钼组(Cd0.5mg/kg+Mo 45mg/kg)。试验期为50d,并于第0、25、50天每组3头山羊采血并剖杀取组织样品,测定其钼、镉和铜的含量。结果显示:(1)随着试验攻毒时间的增加,心肌中的钼、镉含量与对照组相比显著升高(P0.05),且有随灌服钼的增加而升高的趋势。而铜的含量表现为部分显著下降(P0.05);(2)随着试验攻毒时间和灌服钼质量浓度的增加,肝脏、肾脏、肺脏中的钼、镉含量与对照组相比均显著升高(P0.05),而铜的含量也显著升高(P0.05);(3)随着试验攻毒时间和灌服钼浓度的增加,血清中的钼、镉含量与对照组相比均显著升高(P0.05),而铜的含量表现为部分显著升高(P0.05);(4)随着试验攻毒时间和灌服钼浓度的增加,脾脏中的钼含量与对照组相比均显著升高(P0.05),镉、铜含量部分显著上升(P0.05)。由此可见,羊长期摄入过量钼、镉可使组织器官中钼、镉蓄积量增加,同时限制了机体对铜的利用。 相似文献
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本试验旨在研究莱菔硫烷(SFN)对染镉雄性小鼠生殖机能的保护作用.选择健康的清洁级雄性昆明系小鼠40只,随机分成4组,分别为对照组(H2O)、镉组(2.3 mg/kg CdCl2)、莱菔硫烷组(10 mg/kg SFN)、镉+莱菔硫烷组(10 mg/kg SFN+2.3 mg/kg CdCl2),连续给药10 d,于最后一次给药2 d后脱颈处死,检测小鼠睾丸组织病理学变化、小鼠睾丸及附睾的脏器系数、精液品质及血清睾酮浓度.同时检测睾丸组织内丙二醛(MDA)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量及总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)活性的变化.结果表明,与对照组相比,镉组小鼠的睾丸组织发生病理学损伤,睾丸及附睾的脏器系数、精液品质及血清睾酮浓度均极显著降低(P<0.01),睾丸组织T-SOD活性、GSH含量也极显著降低(P<0.01),MDA含量极显著提高(P<0.01);莱菔硫烷组T-SOD活性和GSH含量显著升高(P<0.05),MDA含量与对照组相比差异不显著(P>0.05).与镉组相比,镉+莱菔硫烷组小鼠的精子活率、精子总数极显著增加(P<0.01),睾丸与附睾的脏器系数显著增加(P<0.05),小鼠睾丸组织GSH含量、T-SOD活性极显著提高(P<0.01),MDA含量极显著降低(P<0.01).以上结果指出莱菔硫烷对镉中毒雄性小鼠的生殖机能具有保护作用. 相似文献
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为了建立小鼠亚慢性镉中毒模型,本研究将20只C57BL/6J雄性小鼠随机分为4个剂量组和溶剂对照组,每组隔天分别腹腔注射含0.25、0.5、1和2 mg/kg剂量的氯化镉溶液和等量去离子水(溶剂),共染毒4周,观察不同剂量的镉离子对雄性小鼠肝脏、肾脏、睾丸的损伤情况.结果各处理组小鼠体质量增长要比对照组慢,脏器系数与对照组相比也有显著差异,处理组小鼠肝脏、肾脏、睾丸中镉含量显著高于对照组.病理组织切片结果表明,各处理组中小鼠的肝脏、肾脏、睾丸组织均出现不同程度的损伤.氯化镉可以显著地抑制小鼠体质量增长,并对小鼠的脏器系数产生影响,腹腔注射后在肝脏、肾脏、睾丸组织中产生蓄积,并对其造成一定损伤.隔天腹腔注射2 mg/kg剂量的氯化镉,4周可建立较理想的小鼠镉中毒模型. 相似文献
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《中兽医医药杂志》2015,(5)
目的:研究沙棘黄酮对D-半乳糖致衰老大鼠抗氧化及免疫功能的影响。方法:试验选取体质量(180±20)g的Wistar大鼠50只,雌雄各半,随机分为5组,分别为正常对照组、模型对照组、沙棘黄酮低剂量组、沙棘黄酮中剂量组和沙棘黄酮高剂量组。除正常对照组外,其余各组以125 mg/(kg·d)的剂量皮下注射D-半乳糖建立衰老模型,正常对照组注射等剂量的生理盐水。在注射D-半乳糖同时,沙棘黄酮低、中、高各剂量组大鼠分别以50 mg/kg、100 mg/kg、200 mg/kg的剂量灌服沙棘黄酮溶液,正常对照组及模型对照组灌服等剂量的蒸馏水,1次/d,连续给药42 d。试验结束后,检测各组大鼠组织和血液中的SOD、MDA、GSH-Px、CAT、MAO、NO水平以及免疫器官脏器指数、白细胞数、腹腔巨噬细胞的吞噬功能、血清溶血素含量及淋巴细胞阳性率。结果:沙棘黄酮各剂量组大鼠的血清、心脏、肝脏、脑组织中的SOD、CAT、GSH-Px活力均高于模型组,以中、高剂量组最为显著。沙棘黄酮中剂量组大鼠血清的NO含量极显著低于模型组(P0.01),其余各组大鼠血清和脑的NO含量显著低于模型组(P0.05)。沙棘黄酮各组大鼠的血清、心脏、肝脏、脑的MDA含量显著低于模型组(P0.05),低剂量组大鼠心脏和脑的MDA含量低于模型组,差异不显著(P0.05)。沙棘黄酮中剂量组ANAE阳性淋巴细胞率极显著高于模型组(P0.01),其余各组的白细胞数和ANAE阳性淋巴细胞率显著高于模型组(P0.05),低剂量组与模型组差异不显著(P0.05)。沙棘黄酮低剂量和中剂量组脾脏指数高于模型组,但差异不明显(P0.05),其余各组胸腺指数和脾脏指数显著高于模型组(P0.05)。沙棘黄酮低剂量组血清溶血素高于模型组,但差异不明显(P0.05),高剂量组腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬率极显著高于模型组(P0.01),其余各组血清溶血素和腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬率显著高于模型组(P0.05)。结论:沙棘黄酮具有抗衰老和提高机体非特异型免疫的功能。 相似文献
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《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2017,(19)
为了研究镉致大鼠肝脏损伤及槲皮素对损伤的作用,试验以SD大鼠为研究对象,将20只大鼠随机分为4组,即空白对照组、镉处理组、槲皮素组和镉+槲皮素组。6周后,采集血清并处死大鼠,取肝脏组织并制成匀浆液,检测血清中天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)和丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)活性,肝脏中丙二醛(MDA)、还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量及过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSHPx)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性。结果表明:与空白对照组比较,镉处理组AST、ALT活性极显著升高(P0.01),MDA含量显著升高(P0.05),GSH含量极显著降低(P0.01),GSH-Px、CAT、SOD活性显著或极显著降低(P0.05或P0.01);与镉处理组比较,镉+槲皮素组AST、ALT活性显著或极显著降低(P0.05或P0.01),MDA和GSH含量分别显著降低和升高(P0.05),GSH-Px、CAT、SOD活性显著或极显著升高(P0.05或P0.01)。说明槲皮素能保护由镉导致的肝脏损伤。 相似文献
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《动物营养学报》2021,33(8)
本试验旨在探究耐镉乳酸菌对镉暴露仔鸡体重、脏器系数和组织中镉、钙、铁、锌、铜、锰、硒含量影响。选取1日龄如皋黄鸡30只,随机分为3组,每组10个重复,每个重复1只鸡。对照组试验鸡第3～6周灌喂1 mL/(d·只)无菌生理盐水;镉暴露组试验鸡第3～6周灌喂1 mL/(d·只)无菌生理盐水,并在第4～6周饮水中添加5 mg/L镉;镉+耐镉乳酸菌组试验鸡第3～6周灌喂1 mL/(d·只)耐镉乳酸菌液(1×109CFU/mL),并在第4～6周饮水中添加5 mg/L镉。预试期2周,正试期4周。结果表明:1)各组之间仔鸡体重无显著差异(P0.05)。2)镉暴露组和镉+耐镉乳酸菌组心脏系数显著低于对照组(P0.05),且镉暴露组和镉+耐镉乳酸菌组之间心脏系数无显著差异(P0.05)。3)镉暴露组的各组织中镉含量显均显著高于对照组(P0.05),且各组织中镉含量的高低依次为肾脏肝脏脾脏肺脏心脏胸肌。镉+耐镉乳酸菌组的脾脏中镉含量显著低于镉暴露组(P0.05)。4)镉+耐镉乳酸菌组肝脏中硒含量显著低于对照组和镉暴露组(P0.05)。镉+耐镉乳酸菌组和镉暴露组肾脏中硒含量显著低于对照组(P0.05)。镉暴露组肺脏中钙含量显著高于对照组和镉+耐镉乳酸菌组(P0.05),镉+耐镉乳酸菌组和镉暴露组肺脏中锌含量显著低于对照组(P0.05),镉+耐镉乳酸菌组肺脏中铜含量显著低于对照组(P0.05),镉暴露组肺脏中锰含量显著高于对照组和镉+耐镉乳酸菌组(P0.05)。镉+耐镉乳酸菌组脾脏中钙和铜含量显著低于对照组和镉暴露组(P0.05)。镉暴露组心脏中钙含量显著低于对照组(P0.05),镉+耐镉乳酸菌组和镉暴露组心脏中硒含量显著高于对照组(P0.05)。由此可见,仔鸡镉暴露时,心脏系数降低,肝脏、肾脏、肺脏、脾脏、心脏和胸肌中镉含量增加,肾脏中硒含量和心脏中钙含量降低;添加耐镉乳酸菌对镉暴露仔鸡心脏系数的降低无改善作用,但降低了脾脏和肝脏中镉含量,并增加了心脏中硒和钙含量。 相似文献
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铅、镉及铅镉联合胁迫致雏鸡红细胞膜的损伤 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
150只7日龄公雏鸡分为10组,分别经口灌服或在体外培养红细胞中加入生理盐水、低浓度、中浓度及高浓度的铅、镉及铅镉混合溶液,研究铅、镉及铅镉联合对雏鸡红细胞膜Na+-K+-ATPase、Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase活性的影响。结果表明:体内及体外红细胞铅、镉及铅镉联合染毒后,红细胞膜Na+-K+-ATPase、Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase活性都有不同程度的降低(P0.01或P0.05),且呈明显的时间-剂量效应关系,中浓度联合染毒组与高浓度单独染毒组差异不显著(P0.05)。铅、镉、铅镉联合均对雏鸡红细胞膜有损伤作用,铅镉对红细胞膜的损伤有协同作用。 相似文献
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本试验旨在探索联合使用槲皮素(QE)可以减轻镉(Cd)致雄性大鼠生殖系统损伤及在此过程Nrf2-Keap1信号通路发挥的作用。试验选取32只3月龄、体重相近的SPF级Wistar雄性大鼠,随机分为4组,每组8只,分别为对照组[0.5mL·(kg·d)~(-1)生理盐水]、Cd组[5mg·(kg·d)~(-1) CdCl_2]、QE组[15mg·(kg·d)~(-1) QE]、Cd+QE组[5mg·(kg·d)~(-1) CdCl_2+15mg·(kg·d)~(-1) QE],连续灌胃1个月。试验结束后,计算各组大鼠睾丸及附睾脏器系数,检测精子质量及睾丸组织抗氧化水平等变化,利用RT-qPCR及Western blot法检测Nrf2及其相关基因mRNA和蛋白的表达。结果表明:与对照组相比,Cd组大鼠生殖机能受损严重。与Cd组相比,Cd+QE组大鼠睾丸附睾脏器系数(P0.01)和睾酮分泌量(P0.05)增加明显;精子质量提高;睾丸组织中MDA、H_2O_2含量极显著降低(P0.01),GSH含量(P0.05)和CAT、T-SOD、GSH-Px酶活性(P0.01)明显提高;Nrf2及其相关基因NQO1、γ-GCS、HO-1、GSH-Px的mRNA和蛋白的表达呈现明显上升趋势(P0.01或P0.05),而Keap1基因和蛋白质的表达显著降低(P0.05)。综上,QE可能通过激活Nrf2-Keap1信号通路有效减轻Cd引起的大鼠生殖系统损伤。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献