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氯霉素抗菌谱较广,能抑制革兰氏阳性菌和革兰氏阴性菌,由于其价格低廉、抗菌性能好,是预防和治疗牛乳房炎等疾病的主要药物,但其残留对人体健康的危害不容忽视,它能够导致严重的再生障碍性贫血,并且其发生与使用剂量和频率无关。因此,近年来美国和欧盟对动物食品中的氯霉素残留量都制定了严格的限制指标,残留量不得超过0.1μg/kg。我国农业部已禁止使用该药,无论内销还是出口的畜产品,氯霉素残留都是必检项目。到现在为止,氯霉素残留的检测已相继建立了气相色谱、液相色谱、薄层色谱、放射性分析、微生物法及免疫学检测等方法。高效液相色谱… 相似文献
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气相和液相色谱法常用于检测氟苯尼考在动物产品和环境样品中的残留水平。本文比较了气相色谱和液相色谱检测氟苯尼考的优缺点，同时重点对动物产品和养殖场相关环境样品中氟苯尼考的提取和净化方法进行了比较分析。不同类型样品前处理方法有不同，乙腈是良好的蛋白沉淀剂，有助于动物产品的纯化；环境样品的前处理比动物产品更复杂，色谱串联质谱能够有效提高其检测效率。本文旨在归纳氟苯尼考的残留检测的色谱方法，为动物类食品安全和氟苯尼考环境风险评估提供参考。 相似文献
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随着食品安全在全世界范围内被日益关注,兽药残留检测技术也不断发展,目前国内兽药残留的检测技术主要有气相色谱、气相-质谱联用、液相色谱和液相-质谱联用和酶免疫技术等,这些检测技术对于“瘦肉精”等常见违禁药物检测精度较高,但是又普遍存在分析成本高、方法复杂、单一等缺点,特别是对于样品中存在的未知药物残留常常会一筹莫展。然而面对瞬息万变的食品安全领域,已有的这些检测技术已经很难满足目前残留检测的需要,必须采用一种快速、广谱系统化的筛选检测技术。本文将已经在人药领域应用成熟的快速广谱药物检测系统(REMIDI HS)〔… 相似文献
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非甾体抗炎药残留检测方法研究进展 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
介绍了国内外目前检测非甾体抗炎药(Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs,NSAIDs)的几种主要方法,包括高效液相色谱法、液相色谱-质谱法、气相色谱-质谱法、毛细管电泳法、薄层色谱法、分光光度法等,其检测样品基质以血液、尿液为主,动物组织(肌肉、肝脏等)中NSAIDs残留的检测方法报道较少。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献