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不同刈割期和干燥方法对牧草营养成分含量的影响 总被引：26，自引：2，他引：26
研究了不同刈割期和干燥方法对第一茬牧草水溶性碳水化合物（WSC）等营养水分的影响。结果表明：（1）牧草随着生育期的推进粗蛋白质（CP）和粗灰分（CA）的含量逐渐下降，中性洗涤纤维（NDF）、酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）的含量逐渐增加，而且豆科牧草在营养生长阶段CP含量显著高于禾本科牧草，但它们下降的速度和NDF、ADF增加的速度也比较快；WSC的含量禾本科牧草在抽穗和开花期较高；牧草WSC与CP含量之间不存在相关。（2）牧草烘干样品中CP、WSC含量最高，而NDF和ADF含量最低，最佳的干燥方法是直接烘干，其次是晒后烘干、阴干、晒干最差。 相似文献
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刈割时期和调制方法对紫花苜蓿营养品质的影响 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
对不同刈割时期和调制方法的紫花苜蓿营养品质进行了研究,结果表明:(1)随着生育时期由现蕾期延迟至结荚期,紫花苜蓿的营养品质显著下降(P<0.05)。其中,粗蛋白(CP)、粗脂肪(EE)和粗灰分(CA)含量分别下降37.67%,12.62%和7.08%,中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)含量分别增加26.43%和29.84%。(2)与自然晒干相比,烘干和机械压扁茎秆可显著缩短紫花苜蓿干燥时间,提高紫花苜蓿的营养品质(P<0.05)。烘干后紫花苜蓿的CP含量提高10.87%,NDF和ADF含量下降4.33%和4.72%;压扁茎秆调制的紫花苜蓿干草,其CP含量可提高5.92%,NDF和ADF含量降低3.80%和4.09%。(3)烘干和机械压扁茎秆是适宜的紫花苜蓿调制方法,但考虑到资金投入和可操作性,认为机械压扁茎秆资金投入不大,操作简单易行,在生产中可优先选用。 相似文献
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试验旨在探讨华北农牧交错带羊草、大赖草、扁穗冰草、无芒雀麦、野黑麦和梭罗草6种主要禾本科牧草不同生育期营养价值变化规律。利用常规化学成分分析、活体外消化技术和体外发酵产气技术测定6种禾本科牧草盛花期和结实期的主要营养成分、活体外消化率和瘤胃微生物体外发酵产气量。结果表明:除无芒雀麦外,结实期禾本科牧草粗蛋白(CP)和中性洗涤可溶物(NDS)含量相比开花期显著下降(P<0.05);中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)含量随生育期的延长而增加(P<0.05);6种牧草的干物质活体外消化率(DMD)、NDF活体外消化率(NDFD)、ADF活体外消化率(ADFD)随生育期延长呈下降趋势;除羊草外,5种牧草的2个生育期的24 h和48 h产气量差异显著(P<0.05),6种禾本科牧草2个生育期的理论最大产气量差异显著(P<0.05);随生育期延长,产气速度呈下降趋势,延滞期呈上升趋势。与开花期相比,禾本科牧草结实期的营养显著下降。 相似文献
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青藏高原地区不同垂穗披碱草居群营养品质研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探讨不同垂穗披碱草居群产量和营养品质状况,本研究分析评价了45个垂穗披碱草居群的产量性状和粗蛋白质(CP)、可溶性糖(WSC)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)4个品质性状。结果显示,居群间产量、CP、WSC、NDF和ADF含量存在极显著差异,45个垂穗披碱草居群的产量性状和品质性状近似正态分布,其变化范围为2 062.59～18 597.73 kg/hm2(鲜草产量),529.42～4 682.60 kg/hm2(干草产量),13.88%～23.92%(CP),1.59%～6.03% (WSC),57.34%～64.97%(NDF)和35.06%～47.23%(ADF)。各性状变异程度不同,产量性状变异均达62%以上,品质性状中WSC变异系数最大,达31.19%。相关分析表明,CP与NDF和ADF含量呈极显著负相关,ADF与NDF含量呈显著正相关,WSC含量与NDF含量呈极显著正相关,与产量和ADF呈显著负相关。根据各性状的相关关系,筛选出5个CP和WSC含量高而NDF和ADF含量低的垂穗披碱草居群。 相似文献
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收获期和干燥方法对苜蓿干草质量的影响 总被引：38，自引：4，他引：38
本试验研究不同收获期和不同干燥方法对第-茬苜蓿干草营养成分的影响,结果表明:①随着收获期的推迟,苜蓿干草的粗蛋白(CP)和胡萝卜素含量显著下降,中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)含量显著上升(P<0.01),灰分含量差异不显著。上述化学分析结果表明,在现蕾期刈割的干草营养成分最好,其次是初花期、盛花期和结荚期。②压扁处理能显著提高干草的CP、胡萝卜素含量,降低NDF、ADF含量。与日光处理和阴干处理相比,压扁处理明显地缩短了田间的干燥时间,从而减少叶片损失和牧草的呼吸作用,以及光化学作用和酶活动的损失,达到提高干草质量的目的。压扁处理明显优于日光曝晒和阴干这两种干燥方法。 相似文献
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不同玉米品种秸秆饲用品质的研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为探讨不同玉米品种秸秆饲用品质状况,本研究采用近红外光谱技术,分析评价了44个玉米品种秸秆的体外干物质消化率(IVDMD)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和可溶性糖(WSC)含量4个品质性状。结果表明,品种间IVDMD、ADF、NDF和WSC含量存在极显著差异,44个玉米品种秸秆各品质性状近似正态分布,其变化范围分别为38.60%~51.74%(IVDMD)、27.01%~35.67%(ADF)、51.55%~65.81%(NDF)和4.69%~12.21%(WSC)。各性状变异程度不同,WSC含量变异系数最大,达23.59%。相关分析表明,IVDMD与ADF和NDF含量极显著负相关,与WSC含量极显著正相关,ADF含量与NDF含量极显著正相关,WSC含量与NDF和ADF含量极显著负相关。根据各性状的相关关系,筛选出5个秸秆IVDMD和WSC含量高而ADF和NDF含量低的玉米品种。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献