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300只1日龄艾维茵肉鸡随机分为4组,分别喂以对照日粮(F23mg/kg)和高氟日粮(F400mg/kg,高氟Ⅰ组;F800mg/kg,高氟Ⅱ组;F1200mg/kg,高氟Ⅲ组)6周。结果显示,与对照组比较,高氟Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组肾脏组织丙二醛(MDA)、游离脂肪酸(NEFA)含量显著升高(P0.01或P0.05),肾脏超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性显著降低(P0.01);同时,血清SOD和GSH-Px活性显著降低(P0.01或P0.05),MDA、NEFA显著升高(P0.01或P0.05)。结果表明,日粮氟含量400mg/kg及其以上可引起肾脏和血清抗氧化酶活性降低,抗氧化功能受损,肾脏组织自由基和过氧化产物产生过量,造成细胞损伤,终致肾脏功能降低。 相似文献
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高氟对雏鸡法氏囊形态结构、细胞周期和凋亡影响的研究 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
为研究高氟对雏鸡法氏囊的影响,选用1口龄AA肉鸡健雏300只,随机分为4组,分别饲以对照日粮(F23 mg·kg-1)和高氟口粮(F 400 mg·kg-1,高氟Ⅰ组;F 800 mg·kg-1,高氟Ⅱ组;F 1 200 mg·kg-1,高氟Ⅲ组)42d,以实验病理学和流式细胞术的方法观察雏鸡法氏囊的变化.结果显示高氟Ⅱ组和高氟Ⅲ组法氏囊绝对质量和脏器指数显著低于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01),法氏囊淋巴细胞明显减少.经流式细胞仪测定,高氟Ⅰ组细胞周期与对照组相比差异不显著(P>0.05),高氟Ⅱ组和高氟Ⅲ组则出现明显变化.14日龄时高氟Ⅱ组和高氟Ⅲ组法氏囊淋巴细胞G0/G1期显著升高(P<0.05),G2+M期和增殖指数(PI)与对照组相比不同程度地降低;28口龄时高氟Ⅱ组和高氟Ⅲ组S期显著升高(P<0.01),凋亡率也显著升高(P<0.01);42 日龄时高氟Ⅱ组和高氟Ⅲ组G0/G1期显著升高(P<0.01),S期、G2+M期和增殖指数(PI)显著降低(P<0.01),同时凋亡率显著高于对照组(P<0.01).电镜观察,42日龄时高氟Ⅱ组和高氟Ⅲ组法氏囊可见多量的凋亡淋巴细胞及淋巴细胞线粒体肿胀.结果表明,日粮含氟达800及1 200 mg·kg-1时可引起法氏囊淋巴细胞增殖分化受阻,凋亡细胞显著增多,法氏囊生长发育受抑制,机体体液免疫功能受损. 相似文献
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高氟对雏鸡肝细胞周期和凋亡影响的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
选用300只1日龄Avian肉鸡健雏,随机分为4组,分别饲以对照日粮(F 23 mg·kg~(-1))和高氟口粮(F 400 mg·kg~(-1)>,Ⅰ组;F 800 mg·kg~(-1),Ⅱ组;F 1 200 mg·kg~(-1),Ⅲ组)42 d,第14、28、42天每组随机抽取5只,利用流式细胞术研究高氟对雏鸡肝细胞周期和凋亡的影响.结果显示:高氟Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组肝脏质最显著低于对照组(P<0.05),脏器指数显著高于对照组(P<0.05).流式细胞仪测定,14 日龄时高氟Ⅱ组和高氟Ⅲ组肝细胞G_0/G_1期极显著升高(P<0.01),S期、G_2+M期和增殖指数(PI)与对照组相比不同程度地降低;28和42日龄时高氟Ⅱ组和高氟Ⅲ组肝细胞G_0/G_1极显著降低(P<0.01),S期和PI值显著或极显著升高(P<0.05或P<0.01),G_2+M期无显著变化.14、28和42日龄时,高氟Ⅱ和Ⅲ组肝细胞同时凋亡率均极显著高于对照组(P<0.01).日粮含氟800及1 200 mg·kg~(-1)时可引起肝细胞增殖能力增强,凋亡细胞显著增多. 相似文献
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高钼对雏鸡肾脏的病理损伤和抗氧化功能的影响 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
300只1日龄Avian肉鸡健雏随机分为4组,分别喂以对照日粮(Mo13mg·kg-1)和高钼日粮(Mo500mg·kg-1,高钼Ⅰ组;Mo1000mg·kg-1,高钼Ⅱ组;Mo1500mg·kg-1,高钼Ⅲ组)42d,研究高钼致雏鸡肾脏的病理损伤。与对照组比较,高钼组雏鸡肾脏肾小管上皮细胞肿大、颗粒变性和空泡变性;超微结构观察,肾小管上皮细胞内质网扩张、线粒体空泡化或体积缩小,基质电子密度增加,核膜扩张,微绒毛出现髓鞘样结构;高钼Ⅱ、Ⅲ组雏鸡肾脏谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性极显著下降(P0.01),丙二醛(MDA)含量极显著升高(P0.01);血清中上述相应酶活性和丙二醛含量变化与肾脏的一致,同时,高钼Ⅱ、Ⅲ组血清肌酐和尿酸含量显著高于对照组(P0.05或P0.01)。结果表明,日粮钼含量1000mg·kg-1及以上可引起肾脏的病理损伤和抗氧化酶活性降低,导致肾脏功能受损。 相似文献
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高钼对雏鸡肝脏和脾脏抗氧化功能的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
本文旨在观察日粮高钼(Mo)对雏鸡肝脏和脾脏抗氧化功能的影响。300只1日龄Avian肉鸡健雏随机分为4组,分别喂以对照日粮(Mo 13 mg.kg-1)和高钼日粮(Mo 500 mg.kg-1,高钼Ⅰ组;Mo 1 000 mg.kg-1,高钼Ⅱ组;Mo 1 500 mg.kg-1,高钼Ⅲ组)42 d。与对照组比较,高钼Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组雏鸡肝脏和脾脏超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)和黄嘌呤氧化酶(XOD)活性显著下降(P0.01),丙二醛(MDA)含量显著升高(P0.01);血清中相应酶活性和丙二醛含量变化与肝脏和脾脏中的一致。病理形态学观察,高钼组雏鸡肝细胞呈现不同程度的颗粒变性和空泡变性。流式细胞仪测定,高钼Ⅱ、Ⅲ组雏鸡脾脏细胞G0/G1期显著升高(P0.01),S期、G2+M期和增殖指数(PI)显著降低(P0.01)。结果表明,日粮钼含量1 000 mg.kg-1及其以上可引起肝脏和脾脏抗氧化功能降低,脾脏细胞增殖受阻。 相似文献
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高氟致雏鸡肾脏病理学损伤和相关生化指标改变的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
300只1日龄艾雏菌内鸡随机分为4组,分别喂以对照日粮(F 23 mg/kg)和高氟日粮(F 400 mg/kg,高氟Ⅰ组;F 800 mg/kg,高氟Ⅱ组;F 1 200 mg/kg,高氟Ⅲ组)6周.与对照组比较,高氟Ⅲ组、高氟Ⅱ组雏鸡肾脏出现不同程度的病理损害,肾小管上皮细胞肿大颗粒变性和空泡变性,或见肾小管上皮细胞坏死,并与基膜脱离S超微结构观察,肾小管上皮细胞内质网扩张和线粒体肿大、嵴断裂或消失,核膜局部扩张呈囊泡状.同时,高氟Ⅲ组、高氟Ⅱ组肾脏氟含量、血清氟含量和血清肌酐含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01).结果表明,日粮氟含量800～1 200 mg/kg可致雏鸡肾脏病理损伤和相关生化指标改变,肾功能降低. 相似文献
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本文旨在研究高钼对肉雏鸡胸腺的影响。300只1日龄艾维茵肉鸡健雏随机分为4组,分别饲以对照日粮(Mo13mg·kg-1)和高钼日粮(Mo500mg·kg-1,高钼Ⅰ组;Mo1000mg·kg-1,高钼Ⅱ组;Mo1500mg·kg-1,高钼Ⅲ组)6周,以实验病理学和流式细胞术的方法观察研究雏鸡胸腺变化。与对照组比较,高钼Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组胸腺淋巴细胞减少,胸腺小体增大增多,肌样细胞增多;胸腺绝对质量和脏器指数显著降低(P0.05或P0.01);流式细胞仪测定,高钼Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组胸腺细胞G0/G1期显著升高(P0.05或P0.01),S期、G2+M期和增殖指数(PI)显著降低(P0.05或P0.01),同时凋亡率显著高于对照组(P0.01)。TUNUL染色观察结果与流式细胞仪检测结果一致。结果表明,日粮钼含量500mg·kg-1及其以上可抑制胸腺的生长发育,导致雏鸡细胞免疫功能受损。 相似文献
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高铜对雏鸡脑组织抗氧化酶活性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本研究旨在探讨高铜对雏鸡脑组织抗氧化酶活性的影响。将360羽1日龄艾维茵肉鸡健雏随机分为6组,分别喂以对照日粮(10.89 mg.kg-1)和高铜日粮(Cu 100 mg.kg-1,高铜I组;Cu 200 mg.kg-1,高铜Ⅱ组;Cu 400 mg.kg-1,高铜Ⅲ组;Cu 600 mg.kg-1,高铜Ⅳ组;Cu 800 mg.kg-1,高铜V组)6周。试验第14、28、42天每组随机抽取5羽鸡剖杀后,测定脑组织胆碱酯酶(CHE)、单胺氧化酶(MAO)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、铜锌超氧化物歧化酶(Cu-Zn-SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性。脑组织CHE和CAT活性随日粮铜含量的升高而降低,高铜Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ和V组与对照组比较差异极显著(P0.01);脑组织MAO活性随日粮铜含量的升高而升高,高铜Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ和V组与对照组比较差异显著或极显著(P0.05或P0.01);脑组织Cu-Zn-SOD和GSH-Px活性,高铜I、Ⅱ组显著或极显著高于对照组(P0.05或P0.01),高铜Ⅲ、Ⅳ和V组极显著降低(P0.01)。日粮铜水平在400~800 mg.kg-1时,脑组织的抗氧化酶活性降低,脑组织的抗氧化功能下降。 相似文献
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高铜对雏鸡脑组织氧化状态的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
1日龄艾维茵肉鸡健雏360羽,随机均分为6组,分别喂以对照日粮(10.89 mg/kg)和高铜日粮(Cu 100 mg/kg,高铜Ⅰ组;Cu 200 mg/kg,高铜Ⅱ组;Cu 400 mg/kg,高铜Ⅲ组;Cu 600 mg/kg,高铜Ⅳ组;Cu 800 mg/kg,高铜Ⅴ组)6周,观察高铜对脑组织氧化状态的影响.高铜Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ和Ⅴ组脑组织MDA含量升高,与对照组比较差异显著或极显著(P<0.05或P<0.01);脑组织铜-锌-超氧化物歧化酶(Cu-Zn-SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)的活性,高铜Ⅰ、Ⅱ组显著或极显著高于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01),高铜Ⅲ、Ⅳ和Ⅴ组较对照组极显著降低(P<0.01);高铜Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ和Ⅴ组脑组织羟自由基活性升高,与对照组比较差异显著或极显著(P<0.05或P<0.01).同时,血清的MDA含量及Cu-Zn-SOD和GSH-Px的活性变化与脑组织一致.结果表明,日粮铜水平在400 mg/kg及以上时,脑组织的抗氧化功能受损. 相似文献
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日粮高硒对雏鸡外周血T淋巴细胞增殖功能和亚群的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
300只1日龄艾维茵肉鸡健雏随机分为5组,分别喂以基础日粮(日粮Se含量0.2 mg·kg-1,对照组)和高硒日粮(Se 1 mg·kg-2,高硒Ⅰ组;Se 5 mg·kg-1,高硒Ⅱ组;Se 10 mg·kg-1,高硒Ⅲ组;Se 15 mg·kg-1,高硒Ⅳ组)6周,用流式细胞术和MTT法研究高硒对外周血T淋巴细胞亚群、淋巴细胞增殖功能的影响.结果显示,当雏鸡日粮硒水平达5 mg·kg-1以上时,外周血CD3+ T细胞、CD3+CD4+T细胞和CD3+CD8+T细胞百分比不同程度地降低;高硒Ⅲ、Ⅳ组的T淋巴细胞增殖能力下降,血清IL-2含量降低,与对照组间差异显著或极显著(P<0.05或P<0.01).结果表明,5 mg·kg-1以上的日粮硒降低雏鸡细胞免疫功能. 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献