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试验采用川梨（Pyrus pashia Buch.-Ham.）实生幼苗为材料,盆栽条件下,接种丛枝菌根真菌根内球囊霉Glomus intraradices（GI）、摩西球囊霉Glomus mosseae（GM）和地表球囊霉Glomus versiforme（GV）,从而研究接种菌根真菌对梨根系活力及发育的影响。结果表明,试验所采用的3种丛枝菌根真菌均能有效地侵染川梨实生苗,接种GI的菌根侵染率显著高于接种GM和GV,接种GI的菌根效应最佳,是侵染川梨根系的优势菌根真菌,菌根对根系最长侧根长、一级新根数和根体积都有明显提高,最大分别提高了16.3%、6%和13.9%,接种菌根真菌显著地提高川梨根系活力,增加根可溶性蛋白含量,并显著促进了幼苗植株的矿质营养水平。 相似文献
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VA菌根对坪草矿质养分吸收及草坪质量影响的研究 总被引：8，自引：5，他引：3
利用土培盆栽试验多年生黑麦草接种菌根菌后坪草的生长，色泽以及养分吸收状况进行了探讨，结果表明：接种菌根真菌可使多年生黑麦草根系受到侵染，并可明显增加多年生黑麦草叶片中叶绿素含量，VA菌根可促进黑麦草对P，Fe,Cu,Mg,K,B,Si,S和N等矿质养分的吸收，但却使黑麦草组织中Mn的浓度降低。 相似文献
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AM真菌对百合生长和生理特性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以冷藏处理的百合种球为试材,采用盆栽的方法,研究了接种丛枝菌根(arbuscular mycorrhizal,AM)真菌摩西球囊霉(Glomus mosseae)及地表球囊霉(G. versiforme)和G. mosseae+G. versiforme的混合菌种对百合种球生长及生理生化特性的影响。结果表明,单一、混合接种真菌摩西球囊霉和地表球囊霉菌种均促进百合的生长,百合株高、茎粗、地上部分干重、地下部分干重和叶表面积有明显增加,与对照之间存在显著差异;接菌处理后,接种混合菌种的百合根系侵染率最高;与对照相比,接种混合菌种能够显著提高百合叶片中叶绿素含量、超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶含量。接菌百合的丙二醛含量比对照降低30%,可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖含量分别比对照提高了25%和46%,表明AM真菌可减轻膜脂氧化的伤害,减少植株体内RNA降解酶,增强非酶促防御系统能力,增强植物细胞的保水能力。此外,接种AM菌对叶片净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度具有显著的促进作用,百合生长量增加;对百合生长指标和生理特性各指标的影响均以混合菌种接种效果最佳,且接种混合菌种显著高于单一菌种,两菌种间差异不明显。从综合接种效应来看,摩西球囊霉、地表球囊霉均是培育百合菌根苗优良备选菌株,而在条件允许下混合接种G. mosseae+G. versiforme对百合花卉生长更为有利。 相似文献
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本文以枳橙（Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck譸oncirus trifoliate (L.)）为试验材料,利用盆栽试验,研究不同pH条件下接种丛枝菌根(Arbuscular mycorrhiza)真菌摩西球囊霉(Glomus mosseae)对柑橘砧木枳橙苗的生长及植株光合效应的影响。试验选定3个pH范围（pH 5.5~6.5, 6.5~7.5, 7.5~8.5）和接种摩西球囊霉为试验因子,共设6个处理组合,以不同pH条件下未接种摩西球囊霉为对照。采用单株小区,随机区组排列,重复10次。结果表明,接种摩西球囊霉能有效地侵染枳橙植株,菌根侵染率65%以上。试验还发现,处理植株的菌根侵染率和株高、生物量干重均显著高于对照植株,同时,接种AM真菌显著增加了植株叶片叶绿素含量,并显著提高处理植株光合作用速率和蒸腾速率。研究结果表明,接种AM真菌增强了宿主植物对土壤酸碱度的适应性,在酸性和碱性土壤上均能显著提高柑橘的光合效应。 相似文献
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在正常水分和干旱胁迫下,研究丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)Funneliformis mosseae对枳生长和活性氧代谢的影响。结果表明：6 周的干旱处理显著抑制了枳根系菌根侵染率和植株生长。接种AMF能显著增加正常水分和干旱胁迫下枳株高、茎粗、叶片数,也显著降低叶片丙二醛、过氧化氢和超氧阴离子自由基含量,并显著增强叶片超氧化物歧化酶(主要是Mn-SOD和Cu/Zn-SOD)、过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶的活性。研究揭示了菌根化植株具有更高的抗氧化防御能力,导致较低的氧化伤害,从而增强植物的抗旱性。 相似文献
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以白三叶为材料,在盆栽条件下研究丛枝菌根真菌粘屑多样孢囊霉（Diversispora spurca）、地表球囊霉（Glomus versiforme）和隐类球囊霉（Paraglomus occultum）对其叶绿素含量、根系构型及组织蔗糖和葡萄糖含量的影响。结果表明,接种８５ｄ后白三叶根系菌根侵染率为６６．８０％～８２．５１％。３种丛枝菌根真菌都增加地上部、地下部和植株总干物质量,其中地表球囊霉的效果最显著。接种丛枝菌根真菌处理也显著地改善根系构型参数,如长度、投影面积、表面积、体积、根尖数、分支数和交叉数,但因真菌种类而异,其中地表球囊霉的效果最明显。丛枝菌根真菌接种同时显著提高叶绿素含量,达３６％～５８％,也显著增加叶片和根系的蔗糖和葡萄糖含量,除地表球囊霉侵染的根系蔗糖含量下降外。菌根侵染率与叶片葡萄糖（r ＝０．８５２,P＜０．０１）、叶片蔗糖（r ＝０．７２２,P ＜０．０１）和根系葡萄糖（r ＝０．８８４,P ＜０．０１）均呈极显著正相关关系。文章讨论了丛枝菌根－糖－根系构型三者的关联。 相似文献
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植物根际促生菌（PGPR）具有促进植物生长和提高重金属吸收的能力。因此,将PGPR作为土壤修复菌接种到具有较大生物量的植物根际,对提高植物修复效率具有重要意义。从镉污染地区的植物根际土壤中分离得到30株耐镉菌株,根据其分泌吲哚乙酸（IAA）、溶磷、产1-氨基环丙烷-1-羧酸（ACC）脱氨酶、铁载体及促生试验结果,选取2株具有PGPR特性的菌株接种到耐镉性不同的两种一年生黑麦草品种IdyⅡ和Wasehope中,测定它们对黑麦草生长和镉吸收积累的影响。当土壤镉含量为（19.5±0.42） mg·kg-1时,分别接种Pi01和Ma02,结果表明：镉处理下,接种2种菌株后两种一年生黑麦草的生物量和镉积累量均显著提高（P<0.05）;叶绿素含量增加;光合作用增强;根际土壤镉有效态含量增加。因此,接种筛选出的2种PGPR能够促进黑麦草生长,增加其对镉的积累。 相似文献
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为揭示丛枝菌根真菌（AMF）对增强枳实生苗耐盐性的作用,以期为盐渍土条件下提高柑橘生长提供依据。在正常水分和盐胁迫（100 mmol /L NaCl）下,研究接种Funneliformis mosseae对盆栽枳实生苗生长和生理代谢的影响。结果显示：接种AMF显著提高了盐胁迫下枳的株高、叶片数、总鲜重、二级和三级侧根数、根系总长、投影面积、表面积和体积;接种AMF还显著提高了盐胁迫下枳叶片中叶绿素a、叶绿素b和总叶绿素的含量,以及枳根系和叶片的蔗糖含量。此外,盐胁迫下接种AMF显著抑制了叶片MDA和H2O2以及根系H2O2和O2?－的积累,显著提高了盐胁迫下根系和叶片Cu/Zn-SOD、Mn-SOD、POD和CAT的活性以及根系Fe-SOD活性。本研究表明盐胁迫下接种AMF的植株维持了更高的植物生长、根系发育、光合色素、蔗糖含量和抗氧化酶活性,因而具有高的耐盐性。 相似文献
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利用含不同镉(Cd)浓度的LB(Luria-Bertani)培养基,从植物根际土壤分离得到32株耐镉根际菌,测定了这些菌株产吲哚乙酸、ACC脱氨酶活性、溶磷能力并根据培养皿促生试验的复筛结果,选取A02,Oj06和Ps08作为供试菌株。以一年生黑麦草(Lolium multiflorum Lam.)为材料,开展了耐镉根际促生菌调控镉胁迫下幼苗生长的试验。当土壤中镉含量为20±0.33mg·kg-1时,分别接种A02,Oj06和Ps08菌株,结果表明:与未接种菌株相比,接种3种菌株后一年生黑麦草地上部生物量和镉积累量皆显著提高,叶片中膜脂过氧化水平(MDA含量)则显著降低(P0.05),土壤镉有效态含量增加,其中A02处理达显著水平(P0.05)。因此,接种耐镉根际促生菌株可显著促进镉胁迫下一年生黑麦草幼苗生长,并且能通过增加土壤中镉的有效态,促进植株对镉的吸收与积累。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献