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1.
为了提高诱杀剂对柑橘大实蝇的诱杀能力，本研究以柑橘大实蝇Bactrocera minax（Enderlein）成虫为供试对象，通过Y型嗅觉仪试验，利用均匀设计（Uniform Design，UD)和支持向量回归(Support Vector Regression，SVR)对优化配方的柑橘大实蝇成虫诱杀剂进行了筛选与研究。经过两轮室内筛选优化，柑橘大实蝇成虫诱杀剂对柑橘大实蝇雌虫的引诱效率由之前的50%提高到了76.7%，提高了26.7%,优化效果明显。通过单因子效应分析发现，引诱成分中，柠檬烯、柠檬酸、乙酸对柑橘大实蝇雌虫的引诱有更加重要的作用。其单位配方（按100mL水溶剂算），最适的量分别为1.5 mL，1.0 g，1.0 mL。  相似文献   

2.
摘 要：柑橘大实蝇是我国柑橘产区主要虫害之一,使柑橘生产损失巨大。由于其卵、幼虫、蛹具有隐蔽为害的特点,成虫期的诱杀防控成为该虫预测预报和防治的重要手段之一,应用广泛。本文从诱杀剂筛选（食物引诱剂、信息素引诱剂和杀虫剂）和诱杀方式（诱器法和点喷法）两个方面综述了国内外最新研究成果,旨在为柑橘大实蝇诱杀剂筛选、诱杀方式改进以及成虫预测预报和防治方面提供理论参考。  相似文献   

3.
在田间测定了点喷和瓶诱两种施药方式下柑橘大实蝇4种常用食物诱剂的诱杀能力与诱杀持续期，结果表明,果瑞特、桔丰和糖醋液对柑橘大实蝇成虫均有较强的诱杀活性,其点喷施药的诱杀持效期为5-8d，并以6月中旬施药时的持效期最长，但挂瓶施药的持效期与施药时期相关，前（6月上旬）、中（6月中旬）、后期（6月下旬）施药的持效期逐渐缩短。建议在进行柑橘大实蝇成虫诱杀时，前期以挂瓶诱杀为主，中后期以点喷诱杀为主。  相似文献   

4.
测试了不同诱剂配方对柑橘小实蝇成虫的诱杀效果，试验结果表明，引诱效果最好的是甲基丁香酚 水解蛋白 红糖 敌百虫，7d内对柑橘小实蝇的引诱数量为:15.3333?6.514头/瓶，雌虫率占总虫量的18.9 %；其次为乙酸乙酯 甲基丁香酚，7d内引诱数量为:11.9667?7.4597头/瓶；另外，添加一定量的红糖、乙酸乙酯可显著提高引诱率，猎蝇、异丁香酚诱瓶诱杀效果不理想。  相似文献   

5.
柑橘大实蝇是危害我国柑橘产业发展的重大害虫之一。传统物理防控、化学防控和理化诱控方法难以清除虫源,易增强实蝇抗药性,诱杀效果不强,而诱蝇球作为一款新型理化诱控产品,能有效克服常规防控方法的不足。本文综述了诱蝇球的起源,并从诱蝇球的制作材料、球体直径、球体颜色和诱杀策略等方面分析了其诱杀效果的改良。与其它防控方法相比,改良后的诱蝇球成本低,操作简单,绿色环保,效果直观,在柑橘病虫害监测和防治中取得了良好成效,对促进我国柑橘产业健康可持续发展具有重要意义。  相似文献   

6.
采用黄色粘虫板对梨园内柑橘小实蝇成虫的诱杀效果进行了研究，结果表明：好粘对柑橘小实蝇的诱杀效果最好，试验期间7d内虫量达52.7头/板，雌虫比例为1.5%；其次为附有甲基丁香酚、甲基丁香酚 乙酸乙酯 乙醇的纽康牌黄板，7d内诱虫量分别为25.7头/板和24.6头/板；附有异丁香酚的黄板和单一黄板效果最差。另外，附有诱蝇酮的黄板对南瓜实蝇的效果较好。  相似文献   

7.
5月上旬至7月上旬,通过连续观测记载橘园及周边山林悬挂的诱蝇球捕获大实蝇成虫的数量,发现协同诱杀区诱蝇球捕获大实蝇成虫始盛期为6月上旬末,高峰期为6月中旬和下旬;协同诱杀区悬挂诱蝇球的适期应为6月初。  相似文献   

8.
2011年，在三峡库区兴山县“纽荷尔”脐橙上进行了果瑞特（柑橘果实蝇专用引诱剂）和常规药剂（糖醋酒液）防治柑橘大实蝇的对比研究。结果表明，果瑞特挂瓶处理对柑橘大实蝇成虫引诱效果明显高于常规糖醋酒液，且防治效果也明显高于糖醋酒液，可显著减少柑橘大实蝇为害柑橘果实，果瑞特诱捕数量和防治效果分别为糖醋酒液的2倍和1.6倍，且两种药剂喷施药效果均好于挂瓶处理。果瑞特在各柑橘产区试验后可用于防治柑橘果实大食蝇，生产安全、无公害和绿色柑橘果品。  相似文献   

9.
为提高实蝇粘虫板对桔小实蝇的诱杀效果，减少对天敌的诱杀，为科学悬挂实蝇粘虫板提供参考依据。采用4种悬挂方式，分别为悬挂于树冠中部胶面与地面垂直、悬挂于树冠中下部胶面朝下、悬挂于树冠中下部胶面朝上、悬挂于树冠上部胶面朝上，调查实蝇粘虫板上桔小实蝇、其它害虫和天敌的种类和数量。结果表明，4种悬挂处理的实蝇粘虫板共诱杀到20个昆虫种或类群，其中悬挂于树冠中部胶面与地面垂直的实蝇粘虫板诱杀昆虫种类、多样性指数最高，而悬挂于树冠中下部胶面朝上的实蝇粘虫板的益害比最高；悬挂于树冠中部胶面与地面垂直、树冠中下部胶面朝下的实蝇粘虫板对桔小实蝇的诱杀数量显著高于其它2种悬挂方式的实蝇粘虫板（p<0.05）；悬挂于树冠中下部胶面朝上和树冠上部胶面朝上的实蝇粘虫板均对食蚜蝇具有较强的诱杀作用。因此，采用树冠中部胶面与地面垂直、树冠中下部胶面朝下的悬挂方式均可以作为田间应用实蝇粘虫板的方法；但采用树冠中下部与地面平行朝下的悬挂方式更有利于天敌的保护。  相似文献   

10.
本文综述了柑桔大实蝇农业防治、化学防治和物理防治等技术及要点。农业防治技术包括处理“三果”、 翻土灭蛹、高接换头、消灭混杂；化学防治技术包括糖醋毒液诱杀成虫、全园喷雾药杀成虫、地面封杀成虫；物理防治技术有释放辐照不育虫，二是频振灯诱杀 并分析了柑橘大实蝇防治失利的原因及进一步提高防治效果的研究方向。  相似文献   

11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。  相似文献   

12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.  相似文献   

13.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

14.
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.  相似文献   

15.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

16.
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.  相似文献   

17.
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.  相似文献   

18.
The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.  相似文献   

19.
The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma.  相似文献   

20.
Comparison of different tests to diagnose feline infectious peritonitis   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
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