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研究了氨基寡糖素对茶叶增产和提高品质的效果,结果表明:5%氨基寡糖素对茶叶有较好增产作用,5%氨基寡糖素以喷施3次效果最好,增产达22.51%,喷施2次增产达17.13%,增产主要表现在增加发芽密度和芽数,对芽重有一定增加效果,氨基寡糖素对改善茶叶品质有着较好的效果,降低了稀土含量,提高茶叶质量安全水平效果显著。 相似文献
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以25%丙环唑乳油1000倍液与清水分别作为药剂对照和空白对照,采用田间小区试验,比较了5%氨基寡糖素水剂、20%异噻菌胺悬浮剂、禾之壮有机水溶肥3种诱抗剂不同浓度处理对香蕉褐缘灰斑病的诱导抗病作用。结果表明,供试诱抗剂各浓度处理的病情指数显著低于清水对照,对香蕉褐缘灰斑病均有较好的诱导效果,其中5%氨基寡糖素水剂以浓度为600倍液时诱导效果最好,第3次药后7 d达69.19%;20%异噻菌胺悬浮剂以浓度为4000倍液时诱导效果最好,第3次药后7 d达69.49%;禾之壮有机水溶肥以浓度为600倍液时诱导效果最好,第3次药后7 d达66.91%。在各自的最佳处理浓度下,供试诱抗剂各处理4次调查平均诱导效果相当,分别为51.52%,50.85%和50.65%,且在第3次药后28 d时,诱导效果下降率仍均略低于对照药剂,持效期与之相当,28 d以上。 相似文献
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为提高吸水链霉菌5-4的抑菌活性,本研究以拮抗Foc TR4病菌的抑菌率为响应值,采用响应面三步法对链霉菌5-4的发酵条件进行优化。大幅度提高了链霉菌5-4发酵提取物对香蕉枯萎病4号生理小种（Foc TR4）的抗真菌活性,其中可溶性淀粉（21.512 g/L）、氯化钠（4.734 g/L）、接种量（3.217%）是次级代谢物抗真菌活性高的关键因素,优化后的抑菌活性达到了88.36%,比优化前（54.96%）提高了33.4%。优化后发酵提取物（500 μg/mL）的校正孢子萌发抑制率达到100%,比优化前提高了36.38%,且经过提取物处理后Foc TR4病菌的菌丝出现明显的分叉增生、肿大等现象。链霉菌5-4发酵条件的优化可以为以后分离抑菌活性物质提供条件,也为后续菌株工业化生产奠定了基础。 相似文献
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甘露寡糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道菌群的影响 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
选用28日龄断奶仔猪90头，随机分为5组，每组3个重复，每个重复6头仔猪，分别施以5种不同日粮，自由采食和饮水。第一组为对照组，第2、3、4、5组在基础日粮中分别添加0.6%-0.05%甘露寡糖（商品名为奥奇素，Bio-MOS）、0.2%甘露寡粮、0.1%甘露寡糖、0.05%甘露寡糖＋3mg/kg黄霉素的试验组。以测定甘露寡糖对仔猪生产性能和肠道菌群浓度的影响。试验结果表明：（1）添加奥奇素组的平均日增重（ADG）均高于对照组、腹泻率显著低于对照组，而平均日采食量（ADFI）低于对照组（4组除外）和饲料转化效率（F／G）高于对照组，但差异不显著。各试验组之间的ADG、腹泻率、ADFI和F／G差异不显著，但以0.1%的甘露寡糖组相对综合效果最好。（2）各试验组肠道大肠杆菌的浓度极显著低于对照组。第2组和第3组其结肠、盲肠和直肠中双歧杆菌得到增殖。第4组的结肠和直肠中双歧杆菌浓度显著高于对照组，但盲肠中的双歧杆菌的增殖效果不明显。各组肠道中乳酸杆菌的浓度与对照组相比差异不显著。 相似文献
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《动物营养学报》2021,33(8)
本研究旨在探讨饲粮添加香菇多糖对轮状病毒攻毒破坏断奶仔猪回肠屏障功能是否具有缓解作用。试验选取28头健康的21日龄断奶的"杜×长×大"仔猪,采用2×2因子试验设计,即香菇多糖处理(饲粮中不添加或添加84 mg/kg香菇多糖)和轮状病毒攻毒(灌服轮状病毒液或用于病毒培养的无菌培养液),轮状病毒攻毒于试验第15天早上进行。试验期为19 d。结果表明,轮状病毒攻毒提高了断奶仔猪的腹泻指数,显著提高了血清中丙二醛(MDA)含量及回肠黏膜中轮状病毒特异性抗体、白细胞介素-2(IL-2)和MDA含量(P0.05),显著上调了回肠黏膜中B细胞淋巴瘤/白血病-2相关X蛋白(Bax)的mRNA相对表达量(P0.05),显著降低了血清总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)及回肠黏膜中分泌型免疫球蛋白A、白细胞介素-4(IL-4)、干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)含量和T-AOC (P 0.05),显著降低了回肠黏膜中B细胞淋巴瘤/白血病-2(Bcl-2)、闭合蛋白(occludin)、闭锁小带蛋白-1 (ZO-1)、黏液蛋白1 (mucin 1)、黏液蛋白2(mucin 2)、猪β防御素1(pBD1)、猪β防御素2(pBD2)、猪β防御素3(pBD3)和Protegrins 1-5(PG1-5)的mRNA相对表达量以及回肠食糜中双歧杆菌、乳酸菌和总菌数量(P0.05);而饲粮添加香菇多糖降低了轮状病毒攻毒仔猪的腹泻指数,并显著缓解了轮状病毒对断奶仔猪回肠黏膜中sIgA和细胞因子(如IL-2和IFN-γ)含量、肠道健康相关基因(如occludin、ZO-1、mucin 1、mucin 2、pBD2、pBD3和PG1-5)的表达及抗氧化能力的影响(P0.05)。综上所述,饲粮添加香菇多糖可在一定程度上改善轮状病毒感染断奶仔猪的回肠屏障功能,这在香菇多糖缓解轮状病毒攻毒诱导腹泻中起到了重要的作用。 相似文献
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为了研究抑制素α（INHα）主动和被动免疫对哈萨克羊生殖激素含量的影响，本试验在对抑制素α重组质粒表达菌株进行诱导表达的基础上，将经纯化、鉴定的抑制素α重组蛋白免疫接种新疆双峰骆驼，制备驼抗抑制素α多克隆抗体，并对其进行纯化，检测抗体效价，验证抗体的特异性。之后选择3~5岁、发情时间相近并处于间情期的45只成年哈萨克羊随机分为3组，分别作为抑制素α多克隆抗体免疫组（A组）、抑制素α重组蛋白免疫组（B组）及对照组（C组），每隔10 d连续进行3次加强免疫，应用ELISA法检测在绵羊繁殖活动中具有重要功能的5种生殖激素：促卵泡素（FSH）、促黄体素（LH）、孕酮素（P4）、雌激素（E2）、抑制素（INH），并检测血液生化指标。结果显示，IPTG的最佳诱导浓度是0.6 mmol/L，在4 h时诱导出产量较高的抑制素α包涵体蛋白，纯化后的抑制素α重组蛋白纯度较高，并具有较好的免疫原性，经进一步验证发现，制备的抑制素α抗体效价为1：512 000，该抗体可与抑制素α重组蛋白特异性结合。说明成功制备了具有免疫原性的抑制素α重组蛋白和高效价的驼抗抑制素α多克隆抗体。免疫后A组LH、P4含量和B组FSH、LH、P4、E2、INH含量与C组相比差异不显著（P>0.05），而A组FSH含量和E2含量显著高于C组（P<0.05），INH含量显著低于C组（P<0.05）。通过血液生化指标检测发现，抑制素α蛋白和抑制素α抗血清两种免疫制剂免疫后，试验动物均没有出现不良症状。说明两种抑制素α抗原均可对哈萨克羊血液生殖激素的分泌产生良好效果，相比之下抑制素α抗血清免疫效果更佳。 相似文献
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2种化学除草剂对沟渠空心莲子草防除效果 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用2种不同的化学除草剂[质量分数为10%草甘膦水剂（AS）和质量分数为20%氯氟吡氧乙酸乳油（EC）],设6个药剂水平（10%草甘膦AS稀释50倍750 kg/hm2、10%草甘膦AS稀释50倍1 500 kg/hm2、10%草甘膦AS稀释75倍750 kg/hm2、10%草甘膦AS稀释100倍750 kg/hm2、10%草甘膦AS稀释150倍750 kg/hm2和20%氯氟吡氧乙酸EC 1 000倍750 kg/hm2）对空心莲子草Alternanthera philoxeroides进行防除。试验结果表明：10%草甘膦AS和20%氯氟吡氧乙酸EC对沟渠空心莲子草的防除效果较好,杀草速度快,可在实际生产中应用。 相似文献
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重组Gallinacin-3的克隆及在大肠杆菌中的表达 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
防御素是昆虫、植物和动物体内抗感染及激发特异性抗感染免疫的重要抗菌肽。Gallinacin-3（gal-3）可能是鸡体内最重要的β-防御素，但它的功能还未得到研究证实。本试验从鸡黏膜表皮组织中克隆了gal-3编码基因，并在大肠杆菌中成功表达了gal-3与谷胱甘肽转硫酶（GST）融合蛋白。经IPTG诱导后，融合蛋白的产量占细菌总蛋白的33．6％左右，主要以包涵体形式存在。用亲合层析技术从大肠杆菌裂解液中纯化出可溶性重组蛋白，并用酶切除目标蛋白的融合伴侣。抑菌试验发现，重组gal-3-GST融合蛋白在未去除融合伴侣时，就与游离的gal-3有着相同的抑菌活性，对沙门氏肠炎杆菌和志贺氏痢疾杆菌的最小杀菌浓度在20μg／mL（相当于约4μg／mL纯gal-3）左右，与其他物种β-防御素的活性相当。 相似文献
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本试验采用不同浓度水杨酸（Salicylicacid,SA）、2,4-表油菜素内酯（2,4-Epibrassinolide,EBR）、L-精氨酸（L-Arginine,L-Arg）、亚精胺（Spermidine,Spd）和山梨醇（Sorbital,Sor）处理猕猴桃果实,24 h后接种浓度为1×106 conidia·mL-1的葡萄座腔菌（Botryosphaeria dothidea）孢子悬浮液,5 d后测定病斑大小,研究上述外源物质诱导猕猴桃果实抗采后葡萄座腔菌的效应。结果表明：SA、EBR、L-Arg、Spd和Sor的最佳诱导浓度依次为0.01 mmol·L-1、0.005 mmol·L-1、1 mmol·L-1、1 mmol·L-1和0.1 mmol·L-1,其病斑直径显著小于对照,诱导效果分别为18.06%、18.37%、21.05%、17.83%和16.91%。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献
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乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制. 相似文献
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Billinghurst RC Brama PA van Weeren PR Knowlton MS McIlwraith CW 《American journal of veterinary research》2004,65(2):143-150
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis. 相似文献