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1.
不同养殖模式的凡纳滨对虾品质的比较 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
仪器分析法(营养成份分析和质构分析)与感官评价法有机结合,以对虾口感为主要考核指标,建立对虾品质鉴定体系,并以此法对无公害海水养殖、传统海水养殖及传统淡水养殖对虾3种不同养殖模式下生产的对虾品质进行比较.结果表明:3种对虾的机体营养成分组成差异不大,只有无公害虾肌苷酸含量明显高于其余两组,达2.76 mg·g-1.氨基酸分析中表明:无公害海水养殖对虾的必需氨基酸、非必需氨基酸、鲜味氨基酸及氨基酸总量等指标优于其余样品;无公害虾的感官指标基本上与海水虾相似,3种虾的色泽和气味指标差异不明显(P＞0.05),无公害虾的滋味及口感均比其它两组对照好;多汁性指标则以淡水虾最佳.在质构分析方面,3种虾硬度指标差异显著(P＜0.05),无公害虾与海水虾在肌肉的弹性及咀嚼性无显著性差异(P＞0.05),与淡水虾差异显著(P＜0.05),其结果与感官评价基本一致.本文全面比较3种对虾品质上差异,揭示对虾口感差异内在因素,为对虾品质评价提供了方法和手段. 相似文献
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分析测定了海水池塘养殖不同规格(8.3、12.5、16.7g.尾-1)凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)及土池淡水养殖规格12.5g.尾-1凡纳滨对虾肌肉中水分、蛋白质、脂肪、灰分、脂肪酸和氨基酸组成,并进行品质评价。结果显示,海水养殖对虾肌肉的水分、脂肪和虾味氨基酸含量随着对虾规格的增大而减少,蛋白质、灰分、氨基酸、必需氨基酸、半必需氨基酸和鲜味氨基酸总量随着对虾规格的增大而增加;相同规格的凡纳滨对虾中,淡水养殖对虾的含水量、脂肪含量和不饱和脂肪酸含量较高,蛋白质、灰分、鲜味氨基酸总量和虾味氨基酸偏低。综合指标表明,海水养殖凡纳滨对虾的营养价值随着规格的增大而提高;在蛋白质、灰分、鲜味氨基酸和虾味氨基酸含量上,海水养殖对虾高于同一规格的淡水养殖对虾。 相似文献
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为探究稻田和池塘养殖对鲤(Cyprinus carpio)肌肉风味的影响，2021年8-10月随机采集两种养殖环境下的鲤进行感官分析并测定其游离氨基酸、核苷酸和挥发性物质成分，同时对氨基酸、核苷酸和挥发性物质成分的组成及含量进行了比较分析。感官评价分析结果显示两种养殖环境下的鲤肌肉在10月时，气味上有明显差异。稻田和池塘养殖鲤肌肉中氨基酸及核苷酸种类相同，稻田养殖的鲤肌肉中呈鲜味氨基酸如谷氨酸含量显著高于池塘养殖；稻田养殖的鲤肌肉味精当量值(equivalent umami concentration, EUC)最高含量达到了5.68 g MSG/100 g,显著高于池塘养殖的EUC值4.61 MSG g/100 g;同时，稻田养殖鲤肌肉中土腥味、青草味的物质，如己醛、壬醛的含量显著低于池塘养殖。综上表明，稻田养殖的鲤滋味更为鲜美，土腥味的物质含量更少。 相似文献
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一、华南地区对虾养殖状况据报道2010年世界对虾养殖的总产量350万吨。我国对虾养殖产量也在逐年提高,2010年达到134.8万吨,其中海水对虾73.3万吨,淡水虾的产量61.5万吨,南美白对虾的产量约占80%。华南地区广东、广西、海南三省(区),2010年海水对虾养殖面积86606公顷,养殖产量54.9万吨。其中广东省养殖面积59967公顷,产量29.3万吨(未包括淡水对虾21万 相似文献
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南美白对虾,原产于南美洲太平洋沿岸及墨西哥湾,以厄瓜多尔产量最高,它同中国对虾、斑节对虾三者并列世界上养殖产量最高的三大优良虾类.其肉质鲜美,仔虾供应充足,适宜运输及销售活虾,容易养殖,适宜海水及低盐度淡水养殖,甚至纯淡水养殖,特别是适宜长期冷冻保存,在冷冻保存一年的情况下,其肉质不变色、不变质,这是中国对虾及斑节对虾无法比拟的. 相似文献
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海水养殖与低盐养殖凡纳滨对虾生长性能、酶活及RNA/DNA比值的差异 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以初始体重为4.04d:O.14 g的凡纳滨对虾为研究对象,分别在盐度1.5和30的水体中用同一种配合饲料喂养50d,探讨海水养殖和低盐养殖对凡纳滨对虾生长性能、碱性磷酸酶及酸性磷酸酶和RNA/DNA比值的影响.结果显示,海水养殖凡纳滨对虾的成活率、特殊增长率(SGR)高于低盐养殖对虾(P＜O.05);海水养殖凡纳滨对虾的饲料系数(FCR)明显低于低盐养殖对虾(P＜O.05);海水养殖凡纳滨对虾肝胰脏碱性磷酸酶和酸性磷酸酶活性均明显高于低盐养殖对虾(P＜O.05);海水养殖凡纳滨对虾肌肉RNA/DNA比值明显高于低盐养殖凡纳滨对虾(P＜O.05). 相似文献
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我国对虾产业市场分析、发展现状及前景 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
一、2010年全球对虾产业发展概述
1.主要对虾生产国生产情况
经过2006年之前快速增长后,近几年全球对虾产量增速明显放缓。2010年,全球海、淡水养殖对虾总产量达350多万吨。其中,我国由于气候和病害等原因,海水养殖对虾减产,而珠江三角洲、长江三角洲等淡水养殖区域对虾产量增加;泰国产量增长明显;印尼出现恢复性增长,但没有超过2008年产量;越南、厄瓜多尔、 相似文献
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当前我国的海水池塘养殖模式及其发展趋势 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
海水池塘养殖、滩涂贝类养殖及海上筏式养殖是海水养殖业的三大主要养殖方式。我国的海水池塘养殖是从20世纪70年代末中国对虾的大规模养殖开始的．其间经历了对虾低密度养殖→对虾高密度养殖→两茬低密度养殖→多品种生态养殖的发展轨迹。循着这一演变轨迹可以发现，不同的养殖模式对海水池塘的生态效益起着决定性作用，而生态效益又对社会效益和经济效益产生影响，进而影响海水池塘养殖业的发展。本文拟从生态效益角度出发，对目前我国对虾池塘养殖的几种模式作一粗浅的分析、评价。 相似文献
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对饲喂同一种配合饲料分别在海水及低盐水体中饲养的凡纳滨对虾Litopenaeus vannamei肌肉及肝胰脏的脂肪酸组成进行了分析比较.结果显示,(1)海水养殖凡纳滨对虾肌肉中的多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)和总含量低于低盐养殖凡纳滨对虾(P<0.05), 而单不饱和脂肪酸(MUPA)总含量高于低盐养殖凡纳滨对虾(P<0.05), 二者的饱和脂肪酸总量(SAFA)无显著差异(P>0.05).海水养殖凡纳滨对虾肌肉中ω3系列脂肪酸总量显著低于低盐养殖对虾(P<0.05),而ω6系列脂肪酸总量显著高于低盐养殖凡纳滨对虾(P<0.05),ω3/ω6比率海水养殖凡纳滨对虾显著低于低盐养殖对虾(P<0.05).(2)海水养殖凡纳滨对虾肝胰脏中多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)、单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)和饱和脂肪酸(SAFA)总含量均显著高于低盐养殖凡纳滨对虾(P< 0.05).海水养殖凡纳滨对虾肝胰脏中ω3系列脂肪酸总量显著高于低盐养殖凡纳滨对虾(P<0.05),而ω6系列脂肪酸显著低于低盐养殖对虾(P<0.05), ω3/ω6比率海水养殖凡纳滨对虾显著高于低盐养殖对虾(P<0.05). 相似文献
10.
南美白对虾病害流行的新动向及其思考 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
南美白对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)又名凡纳对虾,是世界公认养殖产量最高的三大优良养殖经济对虾之一,自1988年由我国中国科学院海洋研究所引进后,目前已形成了以海水养殖为主、海淡水养殖并存的格局. 相似文献
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Dariano Krummenauer Ronaldo O Cavalli Eduardo L C Ballester & Wilson Wasielesky Jr 《Aquaculture Research》2010,41(2):240-248
Marine shrimp culture at southern Brazil is restricted to the warmer season (November to April). Therefore, farmers must consider culture strategies and competition with shrimp landings from artisanal fishery. The fishing season starts every 1 February; in order to obtain higher prices, farmers may consider shrimp culture in two crops, with a first harvest before the start of the fishing season, and a second harvest after the end of the landings. The present study evaluated the performance and feasibility of Litopenaeus vannamei reared at 10, 25 and 40 shrimp m−2 either in two short consecutive culture cycles or one longer cycle (LC). The experimental design consisted of two sets of nine pens installed in a 3.8 ha earthen pond. In one set of pens, shrimp were harvested after 75 days and pens were restocked for another 75-day-long rearing period. In the second set of pens, shrimp were cultured for 150 days. Shrimp survival and final weight ranged from 79% to 91% and 6.67 to 14.53 g respectively. Feasibility analysis pointed towards culture at higher densities (25 and 40 shrimp m−2 ) in a LC as productivity (2274–4227 kg ha−1 ) and shrimp final weight (13.05–13.21 g) resulted in higher profitability (US$7761–12 379). 相似文献
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Tariq Hussain Bhat Mithilesh Kumar Chouksey Amjad Khansaheb Balange 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2017,26(7):770-780
Effect of blanching and cooking on the quality of Pacific white shrimp with skeletal muscle severed (by beheading and peeling) at different stages of rigor was evaluated. Peeling and beheading shrimp in post-rigor stage resulted in higher yields compared to shrimp in in-rigor and pre-rigor stages. Weight loss due to blanching/cooking was highest when skeletal muscle was severed in in-rigor stage followed by post- and pre-rigor stages. Highest crude and sarcoplasmic protein contents were found in the shrimp blanched or cooked while in in-rigor stage followed by pre-rigor and post-rigor stages. Hardness, springiness, and chewiness were found to be better in the shrimp blanched in pre-rigor stage. Highest sensory scores for color, appearance, succulence, and odor were found for shrimp blanched or cooked in pre-rigor followed by in-rigor stage. Instrumental analysis of color and texture confirmed the sensory scores. 相似文献
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凡纳滨对虾虾肉和虾头中风味物质的比较 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为充分利用和开发虾头资源从而提高对虾经济附加值,同时探讨熟制对虾类风味产生的影响,以凡纳滨对虾生、熟虾肉和生、熟虾头为研究对象,利用氨基酸自动分析仪、高效液相色谱法(HPLC)和气相色谱—质谱联用法(GC/MS)分别对氨基酸、呈味核苷酸、挥发性物质和营养成分的含量进行检测。结果显示,虾头中的蛋白质含量显著高于虾肉,熟制会使粗蛋白的含量下降,但变化差异不显著;虾头中必需氨基酸(EAA)含量和游离氨基酸总量(TFAA)显著高于虾肉,二者主要游离氨基酸种类相同(甘氨酸、精氨酸、脯氨酸、丙氨酸和苏氨酸),对虾头呈味有贡献的游离氨基酸种类更丰富;虾头和虾肉中肌苷酸(IMP)含量最高,腺苷酸(AMP)次之,二者的味道强度值(TAV)均大于1,对鲜味贡献较大。GC/MS共检测出88种挥发性物质,虾肉和虾头中分别特有29种和18种,挥发性物质种类和含量的差异形成虾肉和虾头的特殊气味,熟制产生大量的醛类、酮类和芳香类物质。研究表明,凡纳滨对虾虾肉和虾头中营养物质、游离氨基酸、呈味核苷酸、挥发性物质的组成和含量对风味的贡献存在显著差异。 相似文献
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《Journal Of Applied Aquaculture》2013,25(4):57-66
Abstract A feed manufacturing method involving the production of large pellets followed by crumbling to desired diet sizes was used to produce six shrimp diets to determine its effect on growth of three size classes of Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. The six diets containing 45% protein were 0.7 mm crumble, 1.2 mm crumble, 1.7 mm crumble, 2.2 mm crumble, 2.6 mm crumble, and 3.0 mm pellet. These diets were fed to three size classes of shrimp subjected to a four-week growth trial under indoor laboratory conditions. Stocking density was 12 shrimp/aquarium for size class 1 (1.13iö.01 g), 9 shrimp/aquarium for size class 2 (7.31iö.06 g), and 6 shrimp/aquarium for size class 3 (13.12iö. 10 g). Shrimp were fed three times daily and were evaluated for live weight, growth rate, feed conversion ratio (FCR), and survival. Results for shrimp growth appeared to be affected by diet size and pellet water stability. The effects of diet size, however, were more evident on smaller sized shrimp. Weekly growth rates for class 1 and class 2 shrimp indicated significant responses (P < 0.05) to the effects of diet size, while the class 3 shrimp did not show any significant result. The growth rates for both class 1 and class 2 shrimp were lowest at the smallest diet size (0.7 mm crumble) but differed with respect to highest growth rates. The largest diet (3.0 mm pellets) yielded the highest growth rates for class 1 shrimp, while medium sized feed (2.2 mm crumble) produced the best growth for class 2 shrimp. This could be partly attributed to pellet water stability, which had a direct correlation to diet size (r = 0.97). Smaller diet sizes resulting from crumbling larger pellets tend to have lower water stability. The water stability decreased from 82.5% to 76.3% as the 3.0 mm pellets were reduced to 0.7 mm crumbles. Stress cracks are created during crumbling, and surface area to volume ratio are increased as larger particles are reduced to crumbles. These would make smaller diet particles more susceptible to disintegration and nutrient leaching. For class 3 shrimp, the largest pellets produced the highest growth rate. This high growth value, however, was not significantly different (P > 0.05) from growth results produced by the crumbled feed sizes. This observation suggests that diet sizes ranging from 0.7 mm crumble to 3.0 mm pellet could be used for a 13 g shrimp, although preference would be given to larger pellets due to higher growth performance and better pellet water stability. Results for shrimp live weights were similar to results obtained for weekly growth rates. FCR and survival of all shrimp sizes did not show any significant response from the effects of various diet sizes. However, larger shrimp were less efficient in their diet utilization than smaller shrimp. 相似文献
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熟制与贮藏对凡纳滨对虾挥发性成分的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为研究熟制与贮藏对凡纳滨对虾挥发性成分的影响,采用电子鼻及固相微萃取—气相色谱—质谱联用技术分析虾肉的挥发性成分,并采用相对气味活度值和感官评定法评价虾肉风味的变化。结果显示,熟制与贮藏对虾肉中的挥发性成分影响显著。凡纳滨对虾生虾、熟虾、熟虾冷却、熟虾冷却过夜及二次熟制虾分别被检出50、68、63、49和41种挥发性成分。二次熟制后,虾肉中的挥发性成分有所减少,感官上虾的特征鲜香气也略微减弱;一次熟制对虾肉的风味影响不大。生虾肉中检测出的挥发性成分如壬醛和癸醛等对风味有显著性影响;熟虾肉中检测出壬醛、癸醛和十四醛等;二次熟制的虾肉中检测出对风味影响较大的挥发性成分主要是十八醛、二丁基羟基甲苯等。熟虾经过夜(4°C)放置后,其中检测出的挥发性成分种类和总量均减少,但总量差异不显著。研究表明,熟制可显著增加挥发性风味成分种类和总量,二次熟制与一次熟制相比,凡纳滨对虾的关键风味物质种类和含量显著降低;熟虾冷却后4°C贮藏12 h风味差异不显著。 相似文献
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