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1.
为认识养殖半滑舌鳎无眼侧黑化的细胞学特性,利用显微观察方法研究了其皮肤黑色素细胞、黄色素细胞和虹彩细胞的形态特征,比较了3种色素细胞在有眼侧皮肤、无眼侧正常和黑化皮肤中的数量分布特征。为进一步揭示无眼侧黑化的分子机制,克隆了半滑舌鳎POMC基因的cDNA序列。结果显示,黑色素细胞较大,含黑色和棕色的色素颗粒,有树突状分枝不明显和延伸成放射状两种形态;黄色素细胞较小,含黄色素颗粒;虹彩细胞最小,含鸟粪素颗粒。半滑舌鳎POMC基因的cDNA序列长910 bp,包括一个114 bp的5?非翻译区和一个154 bp的3?非翻译区,开放阅读框长度为642 bp,共编码213个氨基酸,包含ACTH、α-MSH、β-MSH、γ-LPH、β-内啡肽5个多肽序列,但缺失γ-MSH和大部分连接区。半滑舌鳎POMC基因的氨基酸序列与其他鱼类的同源性为30%?64%。定量PCR分析显示,POMC mRNA主要在垂体中表达,其次是脑、性腺和无眼侧黑化皮肤。正常与黑化皮肤中的差异表达结果显示,无眼侧黑化皮肤中POMC mRNA表达量最高,并与有眼侧皮肤和无眼侧正常皮肤中的POMC mRNA表达量差异显著,揭示了POMC的表达与无眼侧黑化性状密切相关。  相似文献   

2.
利用RT-PCR和RACE方法获得了半滑舌鳎(Cynoglossus semilaevis) 2种视黄酸受体RARα和RARγ的cDNA全长序列,并采用定量PCR技术分析了其组织表达特性。半滑舌鳎RARα cDNA序列全长为1823 bp,编码443个氨基酸;RARγ cDNA序列全长为1959 bp,编码489个氨基酸。同源性分析显示,半滑舌鳎RARα和RARγ同源性高达60.8%,与牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)同源性高达97.0%,具有较强的进化保守性。系统进化分析显示,半滑舌鳎RARα和RARγ分别归属于单独的分支,且与其他鱼类聚合成簇。组织表达分析显示,RARα mRNA在肾中表达量最高,而RARγ mRNA在脾中表达量最高,RARα和RARγ mRNA在其他组织中均有表达,表明半滑舌鳎2种RAR都可能参与多种生理过程调控。半滑舌鳎2种RAR mRNA在有眼侧皮肤、无眼侧黑化皮肤和无眼侧正常皮肤中的表达量依次升高,且发现RARα在正常有眼侧皮肤的表达高于RARγ,而RARγ在无眼侧正常皮肤中的表达显著高于RARα,无眼侧黑化皮肤中RARα表达高于RARγ。RAR基因在有眼侧和无眼侧皮肤组织中的差异表达可能和RA/RAR系统调节体色有关。  相似文献   

3.
为研究黑色素富集激素基因(MCH)表达调控与半滑舌鳎(Cynoglossus semilaevis)无眼侧黑化性状的关系,通过分子克隆获得了半滑舌鳎pMCH2,通过NCBI获得了pMCH1 cDNA序列,分析了pMCH mRNA的组织表达特性,探索了脑垂体和皮肤中的pMCH mRNA表达与无眼侧黑化程度的关系.结果显示,pMCHl cDNA序列长476 bp,编码134个氨基酸,与鲽形目、鲤形目和鲈形目鱼类的pMCH1氨基酸聚为1个进化分支.pMCH2 cDNA序列全长为626 bp,编码147个氨基酸,与鲽形目和鲍形目鱼类的pMCH2氨基酸聚为1个进化分支.2种MCH mRNA在垂体中表达量最高,同时,MCH1 mRNA在除肌肉外的其他组织中均可检测到表达;MCH2 mRNA在脑、有眼侧皮肤、无眼侧正常皮肤、性腺和鳃组织中也可检测到较高表达.MCH mRNA表达与无眼侧黑化程度的关系分析显示,脑垂体和皮肤中MCH1 mRNA表现出相似的表达变化趋势,都是10％黑化组的表达量最高,而后随黑化程度加大显著降低.对于MCH2而言,无眼侧正常鱼和无眼侧50％黑化鱼的脑垂体中都具有较高的MCH2 mRNA表达水平,但在无眼侧10％黑化组和无眼侧80％黑化组,其表达水平显著降低.皮肤中MCH2表现出随黑化程度加大而显著升高的趋势.本研究结果可为认识MCH基因与半滑舌鳎无眼侧黑化性状的表达调控关系提供基础资料.  相似文献   

4.
为研究黑色素富集激素基因(MCH)表达调控与半滑舌鳎(Cynoglossus semilaevis)无眼侧黑化性状的关系,通过分子克隆获得了半滑舌鳎pMCH2,通过NCBI获得了pMCH1 cDNA序列,分析了pMCH mRNA的组织表达特性,探索了脑垂体和皮肤中的p MCH mRNA表达与无眼侧黑化程度的关系。结果显示,pMCH1 cDNA序列长476 bp,编码134个氨基酸,与鲽形目、鲤形目和鲈形目鱼类的pMCH1氨基酸聚为1个进化分支。pMCH2 cDNA序列全长为626 bp,编码147个氨基酸,与鲽形目和鲀形目鱼类的pMCH2氨基酸聚为1个进化分支。2种MCH mRNA在垂体中表达量最高,同时,MCH1 mRNA在除肌肉外的其他组织中均可检测到表达;MCH2 mRNA在脑、有眼侧皮肤、无眼侧正常皮肤、性腺和鳃组织中也可检测到较高表达。MCH mRNA表达与无眼侧黑化程度的关系分析显示,脑垂体和皮肤中MCH1 mRNA表现出相似的表达变化趋势,都是10%黑化组的表达量最高,而后随黑化程度加大显著降低。对于MCH2而言,无眼侧正常鱼和无眼侧50%黑化鱼的脑垂体中都具有较高的MCH2 mRNA表达水平,但在无眼侧10%黑化组和无眼侧80%黑化组,其表达水平显著降低。皮肤中MCH2表现出随黑化程度加大而显著升高的趋势。本研究结果可为认识MCH基因与半滑舌鳎无眼侧黑化性状的表达调控关系提供基础资料。  相似文献   

5.
利用RT-PCR和RACE方法获得了半滑舌鳎(Cynoglossus semilaevis) 2种视黄酸受体RARα和RARγ的c DNA全长序列,并采用定量PCR技术分析了其组织表达特性。半滑舌鳎RARαc DNA序列全长为1823 bp,编码443个氨基酸;RARγc DNA序列全长为1959 bp,编码489个氨基酸。同源性分析显示,半滑舌鳎RARα和RARγ同源性高达60.8%,与牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)同源性高达97.0%,具有较强的进化保守性。系统进化分析显示,半滑舌鳎RARα和RARγ分别归属于单独的分支,且与其他鱼类聚合成簇。组织表达分析显示,RARαmRNA在肾中表达量最高,而RARγmRNA在脾中表达量最高,RARα和RARγm RNA在其他组织中均有表达,表明半滑舌鳎2种RAR都可能参与多种生理过程调控。半滑舌鳎2种RARm RNA在有眼侧皮肤、无眼侧黑化皮肤和无眼侧正常皮肤中的表达量依次升高,且发现RARα在正常有眼侧皮肤的表达高于RARγ,而RARγ在无眼侧正常皮肤中的表达显著高于RARα,无眼侧黑化皮肤中RARα表达高于RARγ。RAR基因在有眼侧和无眼侧皮肤组织中的差异表达可能和RA/RAR系统调节体色有关。  相似文献   

6.
利用cDNA末端快速克隆技术(RACE)获得了半滑舌鳎(Cynoglossus semilaevis)2种黑色素聚集素受体(MCHR1和MCHR2)的cDNA全长序列,并采用定量PCR技术分析了MCHR mRNA的组织表达特性,研究了其与无眼侧黑化程度的关系.结果显示,半滑舌鳎MCHR1 cDNA序列全长为1685 bp,开放阅读框(ORF)长为1080 bp,编码359个氨基酸,与牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)同源性高达83.3％.系统进化分析显示,半滑舌鳎MCHR1与鲋形目、鲽形目和鲈形目鱼类聚为1个小分支.MCHR2 cDNA序列全长为1626bp,ORF长为1044bp,编码347个氨基酸,与鲽形目同源性最高达到90％以上.系统进化分析显示,半滑舌鳎MCHR2与鲽形目、鲈形目鱼类聚为1个小分支.MCHR1 mRNA在鳃中表达量最高,而MCHR2 mRNA在有眼侧皮肤中表达量最高,性腺次之.另外,MCHR1和MCHR2 mRNA在其他组织中均检测到表达,这表明半滑舌鳎黑色素聚集素(MCH)可能通过内分泌方式和各组织中的MCHR介导参与生理调控.不同黑化面积表达分析显示,在无眼侧黑化发生早期,脑垂体中MCHR1 mRNA显著升高,在无眼侧50％黑化组达到峰值,皮肤中MCHR1 mRNA在无眼侧10％黑化组显著升高,其后保持较高水平;脑垂体和皮肤中MCHR2mRNA表达表现出一致的变化趋势,在无眼侧黑化发生早期都达到峰值,其后逐渐下降至相对较低水平.表明MCHR可能直接或通过其他信号通路参与了半滑舌鳎无眼侧黑化性状的调控过程.  相似文献   

7.
利用cDNA末端快速克隆技术(RACE)获得了半滑舌鳎(Cynoglossus semilaevis)2种黑色素聚集素受体(MCHR1和MCHR2)的cDNA全长序列,并采用定量PCR技术分析了MCHR mRNA的组织表达特性,研究了其与无眼侧黑化程度的关系。结果显示,半滑舌鳎MCHR1 cDNA序列全长为1685 bp,开放阅读框(ORF)长为1080 bp,编码359个氨基酸,与牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)同源性高达83.3%。系统进化分析显示,半滑舌鳎MCHR1与鳉形目、鲽形目和鲈形目鱼类聚为1个小分支。MCHR2 cDNA序列全长为1626 bp,ORF长为1044 bp,编码347个氨基酸,与鲽形目同源性最高达到90%以上。系统进化分析显示,半滑舌鳎MCHR2与鲽形目、鲈形目鱼类聚为1个小分支。MCHR1 mRNA在鳃中表达量最高,而MCHR2 mRNA在有眼侧皮肤中表达量最高,性腺次之。另外,MCHR1和MCHR2 mRNA在其他组织中均检测到表达,这表明半滑舌鳎黑色素聚集素(MCH)可能通过内分泌方式和各组织中的MCHR介导参与生理调控。不同黑化面积表达分析显示,在无眼侧黑化发生早期,脑垂体中MCHR1 mRNA显著升高,在无眼侧50%黑化组达到峰值,皮肤中MCHR1 mRNA在无眼侧10%黑化组显著升高,其后保持较高水平;脑垂体和皮肤中MCHR2 mRNA表达表现出一致的变化趋势,在无眼侧黑化发生早期都达到峰值,其后逐渐下降至相对较低水平。表明MCHR可能直接或通过其他信号通路参与了半滑舌鳎无眼侧黑化性状的调控过程。  相似文献   

8.
作为我国鲆鳎鱼类中的一种主要养殖品种,半滑舌鳎(Cynoglossus semilaevis)有时会发生无眼侧黑化(Melanism)、有眼侧白化(Albinism)的体色异常现象。本研究克隆了半滑舌鳎体色相关的酪氨酸酶基因(TYR)和多巴色素异构酶基因(DCT)的cDNA序列,并对这2个基因进行系统发育分析和时空表达分析。实验获得了TYR基因编码区cDNA序列长度为1620 bp,编码539个氨基酸;DCT基因编码区cDNA序列长度为1551 bp,编码516个氨基酸。结果显示,TYR和DCT在20日龄前的鱼苗体内表达量较高,尤其是在变态关键时期(15~20日龄)表达量最高,30日龄时的表达量锐减到很低水平;在其他时期的皮肤组织中,这2个基因在有眼侧正常皮肤和无眼侧黑化皮肤的表达量最高,在有眼侧白化皮肤和无眼侧正常皮肤中表达量极低;在其他时期的其他组织中,在眼睛中的表达量最高,其次是肝脏,在脾脏和肌肉中表达量极低。研究表明,TYR和DCT基因是半滑舌鳎无眼侧黑化发生和有眼侧体色维持的关键基因。本研究为查明半滑舌鳎体色异常机制提供了重要依据和参考。  相似文献   

9.
为探究人工养殖半滑舌鳎无眼侧皮肤经常出现黑化现象的成因,实验根据本课题组前期全转录组数据分析结果预测得出lnc-XR＿003049606.1与pmelb在基因层面上存在反式调控的关系。在半滑舌鳎无眼侧黑化皮肤中克隆获得pmelb的c DNA序列。生物信息学分析结果显示,pmelb的c DNA序列全长1 755 bp,编码584个氨基酸,其预测的蛋白分子量为63.94 ku,理论等电点为5.12,预测的二级蛋白结构含有1个Pleckstrin同源域、1个布鲁顿酪氨酸激酶富胱氨酸基序、1个Src同源3域、1个Src同源2域和1个酪氨酸激酶催化结构域。系统进化树分析显示,pmelb与其他鱼类对应的基因聚为一支。氨基酸同源性分析显示,半滑舌鳎的pmelb与大菱鲆和牙鲆的相似性最高(分别为68.05%和66.28%)。分别通过分析半滑舌鳎lnc-XR＿003049606.1和pmelb的表达分析发现,lnc-XR＿003049606.1在1龄半滑舌鳎的皮肤和肝脏中表达,皮肤中表达量在60 d达到顶峰,随着时间延长而降低;而pmelb则主要在皮肤中表达,表达量在时间线上先升高再降低。本研究初步探究...  相似文献   

10.
针对池塘养殖牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)无眼侧体色黑化消褪的现象,本研究从形态、血清和mRNA水平上对其生理学机制进行了研究.光镜观察显示,无眼侧消褪区域的黑色素细胞数量显著少于有眼侧和无眼侧黑化区域(P＜0.05),电镜观察发现,无眼侧消褪区域皮肤中黑色素颗粒模糊,黑色素细胞中色素体存在凋亡现象.无眼侧黑化区域消褪过程中,鳞片类型经历了由栉鳞—弱栉鳞—圆鳞转变的过程,栉鳞上硬棘数量也随之减少.无眼侧黑化消褪的牙鲆血清中的黑色素聚集激素(MCH)肽含量显著高于无眼侧正常和无眼侧黑化的牙鲆(P＜0.05),但无眼侧体色黑化的牙鲆血清中的黑色素细胞刺激激素(MSH)肽含量显著高于其他2种类型的牙鲆(P＜0.05).基因表达分析显示,无眼侧黑化消褪鱼垂体MCH mRNA表达水平显著高于无眼侧黑化鱼(P＜0.05),而垂体POMC1 mRNA表达水平显著低于无眼侧黑化鱼(P＜0.05),但都与无眼侧正常鱼无显著差异.研究结果可为阐释池塘养殖牙鲆无眼侧体色黑化调控机制提供理论支持.  相似文献   

11.
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12.
The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna.  相似文献   

13.
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China.  相似文献   

14.
The purpose of this work was to evaluate the suitability of a method based on the presence of two restriction sites (for Hae III and Hindf I) in the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (mt ND5) gene to identify Scomber species. The evaluation was performed on 144 reference and market samples by sequencing of the entire 505-bp fragment of the mt ND5 gene and of a 464-bp fragment of the Kocher fragment of the cytochrome b gene (mt Cytb). Sequence analysis of any of the two fragments allows the identification of each of the four Scomber species, but S. japonicus and S. colias had the same restriction sites at the ND5 amplicon and would not have been differentiated by this analysis. Similarly, loss of the Hae III site in some S. scombrus individuals would have misidentified them as not being Scomber. All the market products were correctly labeled except one acquired in Spain labeled as originating in the Atlantic and containing S. japonicus.  相似文献   

15.
In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg.  相似文献   

16.
Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation.  相似文献   

17.
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality).  相似文献   

18.
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19.
A 5 × 3 factorial growth trial was conducted to evaluate optimal dietary protein and lipid levels (dietary protein level, DP; dietary lipid level, DL) for juvenile Sillago sihama (S. sihama) (2.0 ± 0.02 g, initial weight). Fish were fed 15 diets containing 5 DPs (350, 400, 450, 500 and 550 g/kg) and 3 DLs (60, 90 and 120 g/kg) for 8 weeks. The interaction between proteins and lipids significantly influenced the feed conversion ratio, condition factor, body composition, antioxidant indices and lipase activity (p < .05). DP 450 g/kg showed the highest average final body weight. DPs 500 and 550 g/kg significantly decreased the protein efficiency ratio (p < .05). DL 120 g/kg showed the highest percentage weight gain. The low feed conversion ratio was found in diets P45L12, P55L9 and P55L12. Diet P45L12 showed high superoxide dismutase activities. DP 450 g/kg showed the lowest average malondialdehyde content. Lipase activity was increased by increasing DP (p < .05) with a fall at DP 550 g/kg. Under the present experimental conditions, the optimal DP for S. sihama was 450 g/kg under the DL 120 g/kg.  相似文献   

20.
Cholecalciferol (Vitamin D3) increased plasma inorganic phosphate concentration in American eels,Anguilla rostrata, in a dose-dependent fashion. This response was more marked in phosphate loaded fish. In control as well as phosphate loaded eels the hyperphosphatemic response to D3 was associated with a sharp reduction in renal phosphate clearance relative to14C-polyethelene glycol (PEG) clearance. Glomerular filtration and urine flow rates were not affected by D3. As renal phosphate clearance, even in phosphate loaded eels, never significantly exceeded that of PEG, it is suggested that D3 reduced the relative clearance rate of phosphate by increasing renal phosphate reabsorption rather than by reducing the tubular secretion of phosphate.  相似文献   

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