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不同DCAD日粮对泌乳中期奶牛泌乳性能、血清矿物离子和尿液矿物离子浓度的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
选取2胎以上的处于泌乳中期100～125 DIM的荷斯坦奶牛9头,采用随机试验设计分成3组,随机饲喂3种DCAD值分别为:+25、+35、+45mEq/100g DM的日粮.研究不同DCAD日粮对泌乳中期奶牛泌乳性能、血清矿物离子和尿液矿物离子浓度的影响.结果表明:随日粮DCAD值增大,奶牛尿液中Na+、K+排泄增加,而Ca2+和肌酐的排泄则降低(P<0.05),其它离子水平变化不显著.血清中P3+浓度随DCAD值增大而上升.当日粮DCAD值为+35mEq/100g DM时,泌乳中期奶牛产奶量和4%标准乳产量分别为(29.12±0.65)kg/d和(28.73±0.96)kg/d,比日粮DCAD值为+45mEq/100g DM时提高4.82%和4.66%;而乳蛋白产量和乳糖产量分别为(0.93±0.03)kg/d,1.40±0.02kg/d,比日粮DCAD值为2+45mEq/100gDM时提高10.71%和6.87%. 相似文献
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选取9头2胎以上的处于泌乳初期(泌乳天数25～85 d)的荷斯坦奶牛,随机分成3组,分别饲喂日粮阴阳离子差(DCAD)值为+30、+40、+50 mEq/100 g DM的3种日粮,研究不同DCAD值日粮对泌乳初期奶牛产乳性能、血清和尿液矿物质元素离子浓度的影响.试验期为21 d.结果表明:随日粮DCAD值的增大,奶牛的干物质采食量和尿液pH值也随之增加;奶牛尿液中Na+、K+浓度也增加,而Ca2+和肌酐的浓度则降低(P<0.05),其他离子水平无显著变化;血清离子中Ca2+浓度降低(P<0.05),而血清P5+浓度上升(P<0.05),其他离子水平保持不变.当日粮DCAD值为+40 mEq/100 g DM时,泌乳初期奶牛产乳量和4%标准乳(FCM)产量最高.而乳蛋白和乳脂产量则在日粮DCAD值为+50 mEq/100 g DM时最大.综合比较得出,在本试验条件下泌乳初期荷斯坦奶牛的日粮最佳DCAD值应在+40～+50 mEq/100 g DM. 相似文献
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选择12头泌乳盛期、体况相近的荷斯坦牛,采用随机区组设计分成四个处理组,每组3头,A组日粮阴阳离子差(DCAB)值为20mEq/100gDM,B组DCAB值为25mEq/100gDM,C组DCAB值为30mEq/100gDM,D组DCAB值为40mEq/100gDM,研究DCAB对荷斯坦奶牛生产性能的影响。试验期为21d。结果表明:高DCAB水平的日粮明显提高奶牛的生产性能。B组、C组、D组平均产奶量分别比A组提高了7.17%、5.58%和1.22%;DCAB值对乳蛋白、乳脂和总乳固形物含量无影响。其中B组日粮DCAB值为25mEq/100gDM时效果最佳。 相似文献
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研究在炎热气候下日粮粗蛋白质(CP)和DCAD值对产奶量、乳成分、酸碱度和血清AA浓度的影响。本研究选择32头泌乳荷斯坦奶牛(泌乳225±63 d),按照随机区组试验设计,试验处理以日粮粗蛋白质(15%和17%)和日粮DCAD值(25和50 m Eq(Na K -Cl-)/100 gDM)按照2×2析因安排,试验期6周。在DCAD和CP交互作用下研究产奶量,在高CP的日粮中低DCAD值与高DCAD值相比产奶量较高;在低CP日粮中没有影响。高DCAD与低DCAD相比乳脂率较高;同样高CP日粮与低CP日粮相比乳脂率较高。干物质采食量和乳蛋白在各处理组之间无差异显著性。在高DCAD日粮中血清总AA和必需AA的浓度以及必需AA占总AA的比率较高。试验结果表明,对于蛋白质合成来说增加日粮DCAD值可以提高AA利用率,其用于替代AA来维持其他方面的机体的酸碱平衡。若对该氨基酸的营养分配有一个较好的理解,在泌乳奶牛上将有助于改善蛋白质的利用率。 相似文献
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为了研究不同日粮阴阳离子差对泌乳盛期奶牛血液酸碱平衡的影响,本试验选择12头泌乳盛期体重、年龄、胎次、产奶量相似的荷斯坦牛,采用随机区组设计分成四组,分别饲喂四组不同DCAB值日粮,A组(对照组)DCAB值为20mEq/100gDM,B组DCAB值为25mEq/100gDM,C组DCAB值为30mEq/100gDM,D组DCAB值为40mEq/100gDM,试验期为21d。结果表明:增加日粮DCAB值可明显增强奶牛血液的缓冲能力和运氧能力,奶牛血液pH和实际碳酸氢盐含量随日粮DCAB值的升高而增加(P0.05)。动脉血CO2分压A组与B组之间没有显著差异(P0.05),而与C组、D组之间有显著差异(P0.05);动脉血O2分压、CO2总量、碱超、氧饱和度则随日粮DCAB值的升高先增加后减少,其中试验B组、C组、D组的血液CO2总量和碱超较对照组A组增加,均达到了显著水平(P0.05)。奶牛血糖和血液尿素氮在一定范围内随着日粮DCAB值的增加而增加,试验B组、C组均与试验A组差异显著(P0.05)。 相似文献
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日粮阴阳离子差对泌乳前期热应激奶牛血液酸碱平衡和生产性能的影响 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
研究日粮阴阳离子差对泌乳前期热应激奶牛血液酸碱平衡和生产性能的影响,选用36头热应激条件下泌乳前期荷斯坦奶牛,采用完全随机试验设计(n=12),以不同日粮阴阳离子差[DCAD;(Na K )-(Cl- S2-)mEq/kgDM]为试验处理,即对照组(DCAD为 130.49 mEq/kg DM),试验Ⅰ组(DCAD为 251.54 mEq/kg DM)和试验Ⅱ组(DCAD为 383.87 mEq/kg DM),试验期42 d。结果表明:(1)提高日粮DCAD可明显增强奶牛血液的缓冲能力和运氧能力。血液pH和碱超值随着日粮DCAD的升高而上升(P<0.05),DCAD对其他血气指标的影响不明显,其中二氧化碳总量、二氧化碳分压、实际碳酸氢盐、氧饱和度均逐渐增加(P>0.05),而氧分压则呈峰形变化(P>0.05);(2)DCAD对奶牛血清尿素氮、总蛋白、白蛋白的影响均达到了极显著水平(P<0.01),肌酸磷酸激酶变化明显(P<0.05),血糖含量直线上升(P>0.05);(3)适当提高日粮DCAD可显著提高奶牛的生产性能。试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组的4%标准乳较对照组分别提高了11.0%和5.1%(P<0.05),而乳脂率明显降低(P<0.05),乳蛋白率(P<0.05)和乳糖含量(P>0.05)随日粮DCAD的升高而增加。综合以上各项指标考虑,建议以试验Ⅰ组(DCAD为 251.54 mEq/kg DM)作为泌乳早期奶牛的DCAD日粮。 相似文献
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阴离子盐酸化日粮钙、镁水平对围产期奶牛血清离子平衡及生产性能的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了研究阴离子盐酸化日粮钙、镁水平对奶牛血清离子平衡及生产性能的影响,选择12头二胎以上围产期奶牛,采用配对试验设计分成4组(高钙高镁组、高钙低镁组、低钙高镁组、低钙低镁组),从产前3周开始饲喂4种阴离子盐添加剂日粮,日粮阴阳离子差(DCAD)值均为-65 mEq/kg.结果表明:各试验组奶牛的干物质采食量不同程度下降(P>0.05);尿液pH值在5.5～6.5之间变化(P>0.05).产犊当天、产后1天和产后3天,阴离子盐酸化日粮中钙水平对围产期奶牛血清Ca2+浓度有显著影响(P<0.05);产犊当天,阴离子盐酸化日粮中镁水平对奶牛血清Ca2+浓度有显著影响(P<0.05);在产后3天,阴离子盐日粮钙、镁互作对奶牛血清Ca2+浓度有显著影响(P<0.05).各试验组奶牛产奶量差异不显著(P>0.05). 相似文献
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研究在奶牛干奶后期饲喂阴离子盐添加剂对奶牛泌乳性能的影响。选用16头干奶后期荷斯坦奶牛,采用配对试验设计,分为2组(n=8),给奶牛饲喂不同阴阳离子差[DCAD;(Na~ K~ )-(Cl~- S~(2-))mEq/kg DM]的日粮,即对照组DCAD值为 138.40mEq/kg DM、处理组DCAD值为-240.79mEq/kg DM。结果表明,处理组奶牛分娩后的泌乳量和4%标准乳较对照组平均高0.57kg/头·d(P>0.05)和0.54kg/头·d(P>0.05),尤其是第2、3泌乳月的泌乳量和4%标准乳较对照组均有显著提高(P<0.05),而且有提高乳脂率、乳蛋白率、乳糖率、总固形物等乳成分(P>0.05)和降低体细胞数(P>0.05)的趋势。 相似文献
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试验旨在研究日粮阴阳离子平衡对泌乳中后期热应激奶牛血液生化指标的影响,选取试验奶牛32头分为4组,每组8头,日粮DCAB分别为对照组83 mEq/kgDM、试验Ⅰ组172 mEq/kgDM、试验Ⅱ组217 mEq/kgDM、试验Ⅲ组357 mEq/kgDM.研究结果表明:DCAB增加可在一定程度上提高奶牛血液的缓冲能力,缓解奶牛热应激,随DCAB增加,血液的pH值及HCO3-浓度升高,CO2分压下降,差异均不显著(P>0.05);高的DCAB能增加血液Na+、K+浓度,K+显著增加,Cl-显著下降(P<0.05);高水平的DCAB日粮,能使泌乳中后期血液ALP含量增加, CK、ALT含量减少,差异不显著(P>0.05).综合DCAB对血液缓冲能力、血液生化指标等方面考虑,在泌乳中后期DCAB为217 mEq/kgDM时饲喂效果较好. 相似文献
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试验旨在研究不同水平阴阳离子差(DCAD)日粮对江西红壤地区围产期奶牛泌乳性能的影响。将12头荷斯坦经产干奶牛按照随机区组设计分为3组:对照组、试验1组和试验2组,其日粮DCAD水平分别为+103.27m Eq/kg DM、-109.61m Eq/kg DM和-157.83m Eq/kg DM。结果表明:围产期奶牛日粮干物质采食量、日泌乳量、乳成分(乳蛋白率、乳脂率与乳糖率)未受到DCAD水平影响(P0.05);尿液p H、乳中体细胞数随DCAD水平的降低而降低,两个试验组均显著低于对照组(P0.05),但两试验组间的差异不显著(P0.05)。结果提示:在江西红壤地区养殖奶牛,可以给围产期奶牛添加阴离子盐以降低日粮阴阳离子差水平,不仅不会影响产后泌乳性能,而且还能降低乳中体细胞数,提高牛奶品质。在本研究条件下,奶牛围产期日粮阴阳离子差水平以-110~-150mEq/kg DM为宜。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献