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1.
本试验以红薯渣中添加益生菌发酵后的粗蛋白质增加率为评价指标,筛选有效提高粗蛋白质的益生菌进行复合发酵,再通过单因素与正交试验确定复合发酵最佳发酵时间、菌液接种量及发酵温度。结果表明：以产朊假丝酵母、植物乳杆菌、酿酒酵母和粪肠球菌（1：1：1：1）复合发酵,在最佳发酵条件菌液接种量7%（V/m）、温度32 ℃、时间3 d下,发酵红薯渣中粗蛋白质含量较未发酵显著提高39.27%（P < 0.05）,为研发红薯渣废弃资源利用奠定理论基础。
[关键词] 红薯渣|益生菌|固态发酵 相似文献
2.
本文以油茶籽湿渣为原料，添加一定量麸皮，对8种不同类型的酵母菌和霉菌菌种进行初选试验，将选出的不同酵母菌和霉菌组合进行固体发酵培养试验，选取最佳的酵母菌和霉菌组合，再对最佳组合的培养条件进行优化试验。结果表明：经过初选和复选试验，最佳组合为杨梅酵母菌+黑曲霉+青霉|培养基中杨梅酵母菌+黑曲霉+青霉体积比为1∶2∶5，即为接种比例（3∶5），经过试验确定最佳的组合培养条件：接种比例3∶5，培养周期为8 d。按照最佳的条件进行固态发酵试验，将其培养基进行烘干，测定发酵前后的粗蛋白质含量，其含量从19.78%提高到32.17%，同时提高饲料适口性，有利于开发更优质的菌体蛋白饲料。
[关键词]油茶籽湿渣|菌种选择|蛋白饲料 相似文献
3.
梨废渣（包括梨皮和梨核）营养物质含量丰富，却常作为废物丢弃，造成资源浪费。为进一步开发菌体蛋白的生产原料，本研究以梨废渣为原料，酿酒酵母为菌种进行发酵试验，通过响应面分析法对生产菌体蛋白的发酵工艺进行优化。在单因素试验基础上，以菌体蛋白含量为响应值，对尿素添加量、接种量、搅拌次数和发酵时间4个因素进行Box-Behnken试验设计及优化，分析各因素及其相互间的交互作用对菌体蛋白含量的影响。结果表明：梨废渣的最佳发酵条件为：尿素添加量8.4%，接种量6%，搅拌次数3次，发酵时间3.35 d，在此条件下菌体蛋白含量为5.62%。
[关键词] 梨废渣|菌体蛋白|酿酒酵母|响应面 相似文献
4.
丢糟和底锅水作为白酒酿造的副产物产量巨大,利用丢糟和底锅水生产发酵饲料能有效提高其资源的二次利用率。本研究以白酒酿造副产物为主要原料,辅助添加棉籽粕、豆粕和麸皮,共同生产发酵饲料,通过单因素试验和正交试验结合,以酸溶蛋白/粗蛋白质（ASP/CP）为指标,探究原料组合、蛋白酶添加量、菌液接种量、发酵温度和发酵时间对发酵饲料的影响。结果表明：以丢糟和底锅水为主要原料,辅以棉籽粕、豆粕和麸皮,生产发酵饲料的最佳工艺条件为：丢糟添加量37%(m/m),棉籽粕26%(m/m),豆粕22%(m/m),麸皮15%(m/m),酸性蛋白酶添加量1%(m/m),菌液接种量2.5%(V/m),发酵温度40℃,发酵时间4 d。与优化前相比,ASP/CP提高了125.46%。本研究为白酒酿造副产物的综合再利用提供了一条途径,而且改善了丢糟饲料的蛋白质品质,提高了发酵饲料的经济价值。 相似文献
5.
白酒酒糟是一种非常良好的生物质原料，其含有较多的蛋白质、氨基酸类以及纤维素类物质。为研究混菌发酵对白酒酒糟蛋白饲料利用率以及适口性的影响，本研究以未经处理的酒糟作为对照，与不同纤维素降解菌和酵母菌的接种方式发酵的酒糟进行对比。结果显示：在填料量为15 g、含水率为40%、温度为30 ℃的条件下，接种0.6%的纤维素降解菌24 h后，再接种0.3%的酵母菌，发酵72 h白酒酒糟中的酵母菌活菌数达到6.98×109 个/g，粗蛋白质含量达25.91%，较发酵前提高了60.43%。
[关键词] 白酒酒糟|蛋白饲料|混菌发酵 相似文献
6.
本研究以微生物接种量、大豆与水分质量比（料水比）、发酵温度为主要考察因素，使用复合微生物制剂对大豆进行发酵，经过单因素试验筛选影响因素最佳参数范围，然后使用正交分析获得最优发酵参数，旨在获得最低胰蛋白酶抑制因子（KTI）含量的发酵大豆。单因素试验结果表明：微生物接种量、料水比、发酵温度的适宜范围为0.2 ~ 0.4 g/kg，1.0:0.9至1.0:1.1，30 ~ 40 ℃|在单因素试验基础上，对微生物接种量、料水比、发酵温度进行正交试验分析，结果认为发酵时间固定为3 d时，最优发酵工艺参数为微生物接种量0.3 g/kg，料水比1.0:1.0，发酵温度35 ℃|在最优工艺参数条件下，大豆发酵物中KTI含量最低为1.3167 mg/g。因此，本研究认为复合微生物制剂发酵大豆可有效降低其KTI含量，减少豆类饲料产品中抗营养因子引起的负面作用，值得在饲料生产中推广与应用。
[关键词] 微生物|大豆|胰蛋白酶抑制因子|发酵 相似文献
7.
以菠萝皮渣为发酵原料,通过绿色木霉和啤酒酵母混菌发酵,生产高蛋白质生物饲料,并对其发酵条件进行优化。正交试验结果表明,发酵产物粗蛋白质含量最高的培养条件为:硫酸铵添加量3%、料水比1∶0.3、酵母接种量15%,发酵温度33℃、发酵时间108 h,在优化的培养条件下,发酵产物的粗蛋白质含量可达26.98%,可作为优质的蛋白质饲料。 相似文献
8.
本试验研究了高产蛋白酶酵母菌在不同条件下对发酵豆粕品质的影响。以蛋白酶活性为指标，对豆粕发酵的时间、含水量、菌液接种量和葡萄糖添加量进行优化，根据单因素试验结果设计正交试验，探究高产蛋白酶酵母菌发酵对豆粕中蛋白酶、纤维素酶、植酸酶、果胶酶活性和粗蛋白质、小分子多肽、胰蛋白酶抑制剂含量的影响。结果表明，单因素试验条件下，分别在含水量50%、菌液添加量4%、葡萄糖添加量1.5%时发酵豆粕具有最高的蛋白酶活性。以单因素试验结果设计正交试验，与对照组相比，9个试验组蛋白酶活性增长100.56%~380.13%、纤维素酶活性增长2.67%~81.77%、植酸酶活性增长53.89%~252.81%、果胶酶活性增长13.84%~70.83%、小分子多肽增长574.67%~1 981.08%、粗蛋白质含量增长9.24%~16.49%、胰蛋白抑制剂含量降低7.36%~67.39%。高产蛋白酶酵母菌发酵豆粕可以显著提升其营养价值，降低抗营养因子含量。使用高产蛋白酶酵母菌对豆粕进行发酵，若需要发酵豆粕中水解酶活性最高，发酵条件为葡萄糖1%、混合菌液2%，含水量45%，在室温下发酵5 d；需要粗蛋白质、多肽含量以及胰蛋白酶抑制剂降低率最高时，发酵条件为葡萄糖2%、混合菌液4%，含水量55%，在室温下发酵5 d。 相似文献
9.
为提高玉米蛋白粉饲料的利用率,本试验以添加一定比例麸皮的玉米蛋白粉为原料,按一定接种量接入混合菌种（枯草芽孢杆菌、凝结芽孢杆菌和地衣芽孢杆菌以1∶1∶1的比例混合）制备发酵饲料。以可溶性蛋白含量为指标,在单因素试验的基础上,采用4因素3水平的响应面分析法,优化了固态发酵玉米蛋白粉饲料的工艺条件。结果表明：最优发酵工艺为玉米蛋白粉与麸皮比例7:3、料水比1：1.3、接种量6%、发酵温度33 ℃、发酵时间87.08 h。采用该条件进行发酵试验,发酵饲料中可溶蛋白含量平均值为13.77%,达到预测值的99.14%,具有良好的拟合度。
[关键词] 玉米蛋白粉|多菌种|固态发酵|饲料|可溶性蛋白|响应面 相似文献
10.
试验旨在研究利用酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)Yn制备发酵饲料的合适参数及发酵后饲料品质。试验以酵母活菌数为检测指标,对发酵原料添加量、糖化酶添加量、接种量、料水比和发酵温度等参数进行单因素试验,通过响应面设计进一步确定糖化酶添加量、接种量和发酵温度的最优条件,同时评价最优固态发酵条件下发酵饲料的营养品质。结果表明:最适的发酵配方为玉米粉50%,豆粕20%;酵母菌Yn最佳的发酵条件为糖化酶添加量220 U/g、接种量1.4%(w/w)、料水比1:0.8(w/v),优化后的酵母菌数(折算干重)达到1.30×10~(10) CFU/g;粗蛋白、总酚、维生素B_2和低分子量肽含量在发酵后显著提高(P0.05),而粗脂肪含量显著降低(P0.05)。以上结果表明,该发酵条件在饲料发酵方面具有较好的应用前景。 相似文献
11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。 相似文献
12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections
of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal
(GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April
2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs
located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming
areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology
laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum
columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying
degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal
abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy
season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different
nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those
observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes.
But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the
results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. 相似文献
13.
Rassnick KM Gieger TL Williams LE Ruslander DM Northrup NC Kristal O Myers NC Moore AS 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2001,15(3):196-199
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks. 相似文献
14.
Davis MS Willard MD Nelson SL Mandsager RE McKiernan BS Mansell JK Lehenbauer TW 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(3):311-314
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large. 相似文献
15.
Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Johansson AM Gardner SY Levine JF Papich MG LaFevers DH Fuquay LR Reagan VH Atkins CE 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):887-895
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses. 相似文献
16.
B. Cinar Kul N. Bilgen J.A. Lenstra O. Korkmaz Agaoglu B. Akyuz O. Ertugrul 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2015,132(6):449-453
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded. 相似文献
17.
Waruiru RM Thamsborg SM Nansen P Kyvsgaard NC Bogh HO Munyua WK Gathuma JM 《Tropical animal health and production》2001,33(3):173-187
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round. 相似文献
18.
The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host. 相似文献
19.
Troxel MT Vite CH Van Winkle TJ Newton AL Tiches D Dayrell-Hart B Kapatkin AS Shofer FS Steinberg SA 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):850-859
The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma. 相似文献