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为了摸清上饶市湖区鄱阳、余干两县血吸虫病疫情；以乡（镇）为单元全面开展人、畜血吸虫病普查和螺情调查；结果查出病人4万余人，病牛7723头，牛血吸虫病感染率9．9％，钉螺面积27556hm^2，新发现钉螺面积7．4hm^2；调查结论认为湖区有73．6％的耕牛下湖洲有螺草洲放牧感染血吸虫病并传播病原，患血吸虫病牛是病原的主要传染源，加强对病牛的查治和管理是血防工作的重中之重。 相似文献
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王镜清 《中国兽医寄生虫病》1998,6(1):47-49
1血吸虫病流行的传染源问题向．吸虫病的传播是含有病源体的动物（包括人）粪便污染有螺湖洲,虫卵逸出尾拗感染钉螺,钉螺逸出尾拗再次感染接触疫水的人与动物。因此,含有皿吸虫卵的野粪是血吸虫病唯一传染源。多年来,全国血防专家对血吸虫病流行病学进行了大量调查研究工作,认为家畜野粪在血吸虫病流行中占有极为重要的地位。但对它的认识不完全统一,主要有三种认识：一认为是主要传染源;二认为是重要传染源;三认为是最主要传染源。对上述认识我们可以从专家们的调查数据来统一。待外。许缓泰（1988）的调查指出［‘J,其一湖洲草… 相似文献
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目的准确掌握洲滩型血吸虫病流行动态,考核评估血防措施及效果。方法在洲滩型血吸虫病疫区设点,进行系统的调查观测。结果两个观测点牛血吸虫病感染率、阳性螺密度、野粪阳性率均居高不下或在较高水平徘徊。结论洲滩型血吸虫病流行区仍是当前我国疫情最严重的地区,实施查治和扩大化疗的防治对策收效不大,必须由政府部门出台优惠政策,采取强制性措施,在感染季节禁止放牧,控制传染源扩散,净化草洲,才能有效控制疫情。 相似文献
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星子县十里湖流域血吸虫病流行病学调查 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
目的了解十里湖流域血吸虫病流行的主要因素,为今后防治工作提供科学依据。方法对流行区进行了实地考察;采用病原学检查法,对居民及耕牛进行血吸虫病调查;对草洲螺情、野粪进行了调查,对湖水进行了哨鼠测定。结果2000~2004年该处共发生急感病人18例,抽查居民336人,间凝阳性率为53.8%,Kato法阳性率为4.76%,病人EPG均数为48.31,人群EPG均数为1.202;耕牛阳性率为26.38%,草洲牛粪每100 m2均数为6.6堆,全湖区草洲年阳性牛粪计量最低达22.88万kg;疫水测定哨鼠感染率为100%,虫幅为10~32条/鼠,平均虫荷为19.15条/鼠。草洲钉螺密度为6.05只/0.11 m2,推算2004年阳性率约在6.19%~7.58%之间,阳性螺密度约为0.438只/0.11 m2。结论病牛粪便是该湖区血吸虫病流行的主要传染源,居民感染的主要原因是出入湖区接触疫水。 相似文献
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试论我国湖区血吸虫病的控制对策 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文概述了我国湖区血防成果，分析了我国湖区血吸虫病流行病学的变化，根据湖区水情、螺情、洲情、易感宿主、传染源的变化和特点，提出封洲禁牧、切断病原、净化草洲，就有可能达到有螺无害控制湖区血吸虫病流行的目的。 相似文献
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血吸虫病患畜是病原传播的源头 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
通过对湖南、江西等省家畜血吸虫病流行病学调查资料查实,在我国当前血吸虫病流行最严重的江湖洲滩地区,散布在有螺草洲的野粪95%以上是家畜粪便,阳性野粪全部是畜粪,导致家畜血吸虫病感染率居高不下,可见这类地区患病家畜是血吸虫病传播的源头,只有加强对放牧家畜的管理,加大查治力度,建立预防屏障体系,切断畜源性传染源,才能阻断血吸虫病流行。 相似文献
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湖南省沅江市双丰乡动物血吸虫病疫情调查 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
湖南省沅江市双丰乡是典型的湖沼型血吸虫病流行区，是我国积压吸虫病重流行乡（镇）之一。通过调查，比较准确地掌握了耕牛血吸虫病疫情及疫情回升的主要原因：一是发生洪涝灾害，二是耕牛放牧环境未得到有效改造，三是外来传染源不断传入。同时调查中发现在相同条件下黄牛的感染率大于水牛，3岁以内小水牛的感染率明显高于3岁以上大水牛。野粪调查结果显示：患病耕牛是血吸虫病主要传染源，耕牛感染血吸虫病主要在于垸外草洲放牧。 相似文献
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目的 准确掌握洲岛型地区牛血吸虫病流行动态规律,分析评估防治措施的效果,探索这类地区控制血吸虫病流行的技术和措施。方法 以洲岛型地区江苏省丹徒区世业镇为观测点,通过牛血吸虫病感染率、感染强度、主要传染源及螺情调查,统计分析各种调查数据。结果 经连续15年的调查观测,牛血吸虫病感染率、感染强度、野粪阳性率及螺情均呈无规律变化。结论 由于世业乡地处长江中心,随着水位涨落,上游钉螺附着于漂浮物带到江滩草洲,繁殖孳生,灭螺困难,传染源难以控制,疫情时高时低,可通过以机耕代牛耕,发展水禽控制传染源,达到控制血吸虫病疫情的目的。 相似文献
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江西省永修县吴城镇水牛血吸虫病疫情动态观测 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
永修县吴城镇位于鄱阳湖西畔的赣江和修河入湖交汇处，是江西省血吸虫病重疫区之一，为了能较准确地掌握这类洲滩地区水牛血吸虫病疫情动态，以其有代表性的3个行政村作观测试点，连续了10年，结果水牛血吸虫病感染率仍居高不下，其原因是畜源性传染源未能得到有效控制，牛群在有螺草洲上放牧时散播病原，感染或重复感染血吸虫病。因此，狠抓牛血吸虫病防治工作是湖洲地区阻断血吸虫病传播的关键。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献