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《中国兽医杂志》2020,(3)
为研究河北省奶牛乳房炎性肺炎克雷伯菌的流行和耐药特性,本试验从河北省某大型奶牛养殖场无菌采集患乳房炎奶牛的乳样245份,进行细菌分离鉴定和耐药性分析。通过细菌形态学观察、生化试验和16S rRNA扩增试验鉴定奶牛乳房炎性肺炎克雷伯杆菌,并利用药敏试验检测分离株的耐药性。结果显示:分离获得45株奶牛乳房炎源性肺炎克雷伯杆菌,占18.4%。革兰染色镜检可见红色的短棒状细菌;生化试验结果表明,分离株可分解葡萄糖、赖氨酸、鸟氨酸、卫茅醇和尿素;PCR扩增结果表明,分离株的DNA大小约为1 500 bp。与此同时,药敏试验结果表明,肺炎克雷伯杆菌对青霉素、四环素、庆大霉素和克林霉素的耐药率分别为73.3%、53.3%、48.9%和46.6%,对头孢氨苄、卡那霉素和头孢喹肟的敏感率分别为60%、46.7%和44.4%。本试验对防控肺炎克雷伯杆菌引起的奶牛乳房炎提供科学的理论依据。 相似文献
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肺炎克雷伯氏菌为革兰氏阴性菌,是重要的条件性致病菌和医源性感染菌之一,也是引起奶牛乳房炎的重要病原菌。本研究对30份奶牛乳房炎乳样进行了病原菌的分离鉴定,并对分离菌进行药物敏感试验;结果表明,本次共分离肺炎克雷伯氏菌3株,遗传进化树关系显示分离菌株KP1、KP3与CP031810株、CP031562株、CP032185株亲缘关系较近,分离株KP2则相对较远。药物敏感试验结果显示,3株分离株均对阿莫西林、头孢他啶、头孢曲松耐药,对链霉素、庆大霉素表现敏感,分离菌株KP1和KP3对青霉素表现中度敏感,菌株KP2则表现耐药。本研究为奶牛场针对该菌的防控提供了基础数据。 相似文献
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《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2020,(6)
为了确定发病母猪组织是否感染病原菌及调查病原菌耐药情况,试验对发病母猪组织进行细菌分离培养,经过培养观察、生化试验、16S rRNA测序确定分离菌株,对分离菌株进行药敏试验、小鼠致病性试验、耐药基因检测、常见血清型分型及毒力基因检测。结果表明:分离得到一株肺炎克雷伯氏菌。分离菌株的16S rRNA测序结果与NCBI上18株肺炎克雷伯氏菌参考菌株序列同源性均在99%以上。分离菌株接种在血琼脂培养基上会发生α溶血现象,且具有多重耐药性,携带四环素类tet耐药基因,氨基糖苷类aph(3′)-Ia、strA、strB耐药基因,磺胺类sul 1、sul 2耐药基因及超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBL)耐药基因blaSHV,与耐药表型结果一致。分离菌株血清型分型为K20型,含有ureA、wabG、uge毒力基因。在小鼠致病性试验中,以浓度为6.15×10~8cfu/mL的菌液进行攻毒,能够使小鼠在22 h内死亡,表明分离菌株对小鼠具有致病性。说明本试验所分离得到的猪源肺炎克雷伯氏菌具有严重的耐药性和强致病性。 相似文献
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为了分析驻马店地区猪源肺炎克雷伯氏菌分离菌株生物学特性,从驻马店地区不同养殖场中采集患呼吸道疾病猪肺脏、鼻拭子等病料组织74份中分离得到了43株肺炎克雷伯氏菌。采用人工感染小鼠致病性试验、PCR方法和K-B药敏纸片分别检测49株肺炎克雷伯氏菌的致病性、血清型及耐药性。结果显示,30株肺炎克雷伯氏菌对小鼠具有很强的致病性;43株分离菌株以K5、K20为主要流行血清型,分别占分离菌株的37.2%、27.9%;43株分离菌株对氨苄西林、阿莫西林、大观霉素等7种药物耐药性较高,耐药率在51.2%以上,对其他药物的耐药率在18.6%~234.9%之间,且呈现多重耐药性,耐10、9种药物分离菌株最多,分别占分离菌株的25.6%、27.9%。本试验为该地区猪源肺炎克雷伯氏菌病的防治提供理论基础。 相似文献
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《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2010,(21)
为了研究奶牛乳房炎乳汁中的主要病原菌及其敏感性药物,试验采用规模化奶牛场16头临床型乳房炎奶牛的乳样进行病原菌的分离、鉴定,选择了31种抗生素和11种单味中药、1个复方中药制剂进行药敏试验。结果表明:从35份乳样中分离到8种细菌43个菌株。鉴定出葡萄球菌23株,其中金黄色葡萄球菌21株,占分离菌的46.51%;溶血葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌各1株,均占分离菌的2.32%;大肠杆菌16株,占分离菌的37.20%;无乳链球菌、停乳链球菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、伤寒沙门杆菌各1株,均占分离菌的2.32%。从乳房炎乳汁中分离的几种主要致病菌对氧氟沙星、氟哌酸、头孢噻吩、先锋必、氟罗沙星、庆大霉素和卡那霉素等药物具有高度敏感性;对连翘、柴胡、红藤和皂角刺等单味药和复方中药制剂敏感性也较高。 相似文献
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《中国动物传染病学报》2018,(6)
从流产奶牛胎儿组织中分离到1株革兰氏阴性短杆菌,采用细菌分离纯化、生化试验、16S rRNA和16S～23S rRNA测序、药敏试验和小鼠致死性试验对其进行了鉴定。结果显示,该分离菌与GenBank中肺炎克雷伯氏菌16S rRNA和16S～23S rRNA基因序列一致性分别高达99%和96%,16S～23S rRNA基因被扩增出3条不同长度条带;该菌生化特性均符合肺炎克雷伯氏菌的生化反应特性;对头孢曲松、阿米卡星、多粘菌素等敏感,对多西环素、四环素、卡拉霉素等中度敏感,对青霉素、红霉素、米诺环素等耐药;对小鼠有很强的致病性。以上结果表明,该分离细菌为肺炎克雷伯氏菌。 相似文献
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江苏某牛场生牛乳中肺炎克雷伯菌和鲍曼不动杆菌的分离鉴定、耐药性和毒力分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
《中国兽医学报》2019,(6)
肺炎克雷伯菌和鲍曼不动杆菌均是重要的条件致病菌,其具备的多重耐药性是造成医院内感染并难以治愈的主要原因。本试验从江苏某奶牛场隐性乳房炎奶牛的生牛乳样品中分离到3株肺炎克雷伯菌及4株鲍曼不动杆菌,通过耐药性检测发现其中部分菌株具有对万古霉素、克林霉素、头孢唑啉和呋喃妥因等抗生素的多重耐药性;小鼠毒力试验表明分离菌株具备较强的毒力。本试验为奶牛场预防和治疗该类病原感染提供参考依据,同时对耐药菌株可能引起的公共卫生安全问题提出警示。 相似文献
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《中国奶牛》2021,(6)
为了解上海市生乳中肺炎克雷伯氏菌污染水平,分析本市乳制品中肺炎克雷伯氏菌污染风险来源及耐药情况,本研究对上海市乳品加工厂的生乳样本和养殖场环境样本进行了肺炎克雷伯氏菌计数和细菌分离鉴定,并对分离菌株开展毒力基因检测和耐药性分析。结果显示,上海市健康奶牛中肺炎克雷伯氏菌分离率为11.25%,远低于患乳房炎奶牛样品检出率;环境溯源样品中肺炎克雷伯氏菌检出率为21.3%,多在垫料及土壤中检出;对80家奶牛场未患乳房炎奶牛样品和47批次环境溯源样品细菌分离结果均表明,夏季肺炎克雷伯氏菌检出率显著高于冬季;本市分离的肺炎克雷伯氏菌,对β-内酰胺类和氨基糖苷类药物存在普遍耐药,且多重耐药性十分严重,耐药菌株占比达98.5%;分离菌株中毒力基因mrkD、fimH、wabG的检出率分别为88.89%、66.67%、33.33%,rmp A未检出。以上结果表明,夏季为肺炎克雷伯氏菌高发季节,且主要的外部污染风险为垫料和土壤,毒力基因检测表明,菌株不具备高致病性,多为呼吸道和消化道常在菌。通过本研究,提示居民不宜直接饮用生乳,养殖场应加强养殖环境、挤奶及生产运输环节的卫生管理,不滥用抗生素。 相似文献
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为了调查内蒙古通辽市某羊场发病羊死亡的原因,对疑似致病菌进行分离、鉴定及部分生物学特性研究。对病死羊进行剖检,无菌条件下采集心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肺脏等组织脏器进行细菌分离培养;对分离菌进行小鼠致病性试验、细菌生化检测、16S rDNA基因扩增及同源性比对分析和药物纸片扩散法敏感性试验。结果显示,分离菌株符合肺炎克雷伯菌生化特性;16S rDNA序列与GenBank中已登录的肺炎克雷伯杆菌序列同源性为99.59%;小鼠致病性试验结果表明分离株有较强的致死性;分离株携带多种毒力基因致病性较强。药敏试验结果表明分离株对诺氟沙星、环丙沙星、氧氟沙星、多西环素等药物高度敏感,对复方新诺明、卡那霉素等中度敏感,对庆大霉素、头孢哌酮、头孢氨苄等耐药。结果表明,分离株为肺炎克雷伯菌,是该羊场发病羊死亡的致病菌。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献