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欧盟兽用抗菌药耐药性管理概述 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
介绍负责管理欧盟兽用抗菌药耐药性的欧洲药品局下设的兽用药品委员会、健康与消费者保护司和食品安全局等相关管理机构以及成立耐药性管理工作组、进行耐药性风险分析、制定相关文件和实施耐药性监测等的管理措施,为我国兽药耐药性相关政策的制定和措施的实行提供参考. 相似文献
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自抗菌药产业化以来,细菌耐药性问题就无处不在并造成严重的不良后果,研究发现只有多学科参与,采取综合措施才能应对此类问题。欧盟和国际社会提出了应对耐药性动议,多个耐药性监测项目发现全球对耐药性的关切不断增强。此外,新型抗生素及其替代品的研究进展缓慢,耐药性正严重威胁着人类健康。北欧因谨慎使用抗菌药及其综合防控措施行之有效,因而耐药性问题比较小。总的来说,多学科参与,采取综合性措施应对耐药性问题的效果相当乐观。 相似文献
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全面论述了耐药性危害,分析了耐药性产生原因和现状,从宏观管理和临床控制两方面指出应对措施,并结合国外耐药性监测情况提出开发全新抗菌药和改造已产生耐药性的抗菌药、开发不使用抗菌药物治疗感染的治疗策略以及建立耐药性监察系统的发展趋势. 相似文献
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<正>耐药性又叫抗药性,是指病原体对药物不敏感或敏感性下降。可分为天然耐药性和获得耐药性,前者由遗传因素所决定,后者由病原体与药物多次接触,使其结构和功能发生改变所致。一旦产生耐药性,药物的疗效就会显著下降或完全消失。当某种微生物对某种药物产生耐药性后,有时对同类的其他药物也会产生耐药性,这种情况称为交叉耐药性。畜禽耐药性一直是困扰兽医临床用药中的常见难题,采用以下措施可有效克服畜禽耐 相似文献
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我国动物源细菌耐药性监测系统简介 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文介绍了我国动物源细菌耐药性监测网络的组成和主要内容,详细阐述了其过程控制,包括采样、细菌分离鉴定和耐药性检测、耐药性检测结果汇总分析等,并介绍了我国取得的成就,如建立了动物源细菌耐药性监测技术平台和耐药性细菌资源库、创建了具有自主知识产权的动物源细菌耐药性数据库、摸清了我国动物源细菌的耐药性状况等。针对我国动物源细菌的耐药现状,提出了应对措施,包括规范我国兽用抗菌药物饲料添加剂的使用、加强动物处方药的管理并建立治疗用抗菌药物的分级管理制度、持续开展畜禽细菌耐药性动态监测等。 相似文献
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兽用抗菌药耐药性已经成为一个全球普遍关注的公共健康问题,各国际组织都积极采取相应的措施控制耐药性的产生和蔓延。介绍了国际组织世界动物卫生组织OIE制定的五个国际标准,包括协调抗菌药耐药性监督和检测程序指南、畜牧业抗菌药消耗量监测指南、兽用抗菌药慎用指南、抗菌药敏感性检测的实验室方法指南、动物源抗菌药耐药性对公共健康潜在影响的风险分析方法指南,以期为我国政策制定者和决策者参照国际标准制定出符合我国国情的耐药性相关指南。 相似文献
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Grugel C Wallmann J 《Journal of veterinary medicine. B, Infectious diseases and veterinary public health》2004,51(8-9):419-421
The application of antimicrobial agents has proved to be the main risk factor for development, selection and spread of antimicrobial resistance. This link applies to the use of antimicrobial agents in human and in veterinary medicine. Furthermore, antimicrobial-resistant bacteria and resistant genes can be transmitted from animals to humans either by direct contact or via the food chain. In this context, risk management has to be discussed regarding prevention and control of the already existing antimicrobial resistance. One of the primary risk management measures in order to control the development and spread of antimicrobial resistances is by regulating the use of antimicrobial agents and subjecting their use to guidelines. Thereby, the occurrence of antimicrobial resistant bacteria in the human and veterinary habitat can be controlled to a certain degree. There is little information about past attempts to prevent the development of resistances or to control them, and even less is known about the effectiveness or the cost intensiveness of such efforts. Most of the strategies focus on preventing and controlling antimicrobial resistance by means of the reduction or limitation of the use of antimicrobial agents in food-producing animals. 相似文献
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介绍了2011年国际食品法典委员会(CAC)制定的《食源性抗菌药耐药性风险分析指南》主要内容,为非人用抗菌药相关的食源性抗菌药耐药性应用及我国制定抗菌新兽药的安全评价原则、风险评估方案和管理政策提供参考. 相似文献
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Antimicrobial drug use in veterinary medicine 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Morley PS Apley MD Besser TE Burney DP Fedorka-Cray PJ Papich MG Traub-Dargatz JL Weese JS;American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2005,19(4):617-629
Recognizing the importance of antimicrobial resistance and the need for veterinarians to aid in efforts for maintaining the usefulness of antimicrobial drugs in animals and humans, the Board of Regents of the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine charged a special committee with responsibility for drafting this position statement regarding antimicrobial drug use in veterinary medicine. The Committee believes that veterinarians are obligated to balance the well-being of animals under their care with the protection of other animals and public health. Therefore, if an animal's medical condition can be reasonably expected to improve as a result of treatment with antimicrobial drugs, and the animal is under a veterinarian's care with an appropriate veterinarian-client-patient relationship, veterinarians have an obligation to offer antimicrobial treatment as a therapeutic option. Veterinarians also have an obligation to actively promote disease prevention efforts, to treat as conservatively as possible, and to explain the potential consequences associated with antimicrobial treatment to animal owners and managers, including the possibility of promoting selection of resistant bacteria. However, the consequences of losing usefulness of an antimicrobial drug that is used as a last resort in humans or animals with resistant bacterial infections might be unacceptable from a public or population health perspective. Veterinarians could therefore face the difficult choice of treating animals with a drug that is less likely to be successful, possibly resulting in prolonged or exacerbated morbidity, to protect the good of society. The Committee recommends that voluntary actions be taken by the veterinary profession to promote conservative use of antimicrobial drugs to minimize the potential adverse effects on animal or human health. The veterinary profession must work to educate all veterinarians about issues related to conservative antimicrobial drug use and antimicrobial resistance so that each individual is better able to balance ethical obligations regarding the perceived benefit to their patients versus the perceived risk to public health. Specific means by which the veterinary profession can promote stewardship of this valuable resource are presented and discussed in this document. 相似文献
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Werckenthin C Böttner A Hafez HM Hartmann K Kaske M Kehrenberg C Kietzmann M Klarmann D Klein G Krabisch P Kühn T Luhofer G Richter A Schulz B Schwarz S Sigge C Traeder W Waldmann KH Wallmann J;Arbeitsgruppe "Antibiotikarsistenz" der Deutschen Veterinärmedizinischen Gesellschaft 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2005,118(11-12):471-480
Phenotypic resistance of veterinary pathogens to more than one antimicrobial agent (multi-resistance) may be caused by intrinsic resistance to the antimicrobial agents, acquired cross-resistance, or acquired co-resistance. Known cross-resistances allow to select so-called "representative substances" which are tested and the results of which can also be regarded as being valid for other members of the same class of antimicrobial agents. In general, a limitation in the number of antimicrobial agents to be tested in routine diagnostics is necessary because of capacity and cost efficiency. This is of particular relevance when the broth microdilution method - recommended as the method of choice - with 96-well microtiter plates is used. The knowledge about the relationship between different resistance phenotypes and the corresponding resistance mechanisms is of major value for both, the laboratory personnel and the veterinary practitioner. This review explains how "representative substances" for the most relevant classes of antimicrobial agents used in veterinary medicine are chosen on the basis of known cross-resistances. 相似文献