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《中国动物传染病学报》2018,(6)
为探讨河南省2型猪链球菌的毒力及分布情况,本实验设计3对引物,分别扩增溶菌酶释放蛋白(muramidase-released protein,MRP)、胞外因子(extracellular protein fateror,EPF)和溶血素(suilysin,SLY)基因,对2016年1月～2016年12月从河南省猪场采集的各种组织病料中分离鉴定出的87株2型猪链球菌进行了初步的小鼠毒力试验和mrp、epf、sly基因的扩增。结果表明,河南省流行的2型猪链球菌的菌株均对小鼠有毒力,共有8种毒力基因型,其中以毒力相对高的sly+mrp+epf+型为主,其次为sly+mrp-epf+型和sly-mrp+epf+型。 相似文献
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《中国兽医学报》2014,(6):936-941
通过对山西某猪场发病猪组织器官分离的病原菌鉴定以确定病原微生物以及其毒力强弱。主要从发病猪的关节液、肝脏、心脏、脾脏等器官内采集病原菌经过培养、镜检、生化试验初步鉴定后,用PCR方法通过扩增gdh基因和16SrDNA基因,16SrDNA测序后与国内外一些地区分离株的同源性比对,MLST(aroA、cpn60、dpr、gki、mutS、recA、thrA)分型研究、血清学分型以及mrp,ef,sly 3对毒力基因的扩增分析,结果鉴定为猪链球菌2型(SXZ-1株),16SrDNA序列与国内外部分地区菌株序列的同源性达到99%100%。MLST型为ST7型,具有强致病性(mrp+ef+sly+),表明山西存在ST7型强毒2型猪链球菌。 相似文献
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为了解19株猪链球菌2型(S.suis 2)安徽分离株的毒力基因型及毒力基因变异情况,通过PCR扩增S.suis 2毒力基因cps2J、mrp、epf和sly,对这4种毒力基因的扩增片段进行序列测定,并与国内外其他分离株的基因序列进行比较.结果显示,cps2J、mrp、epf和sly基因在19株S.suis 2中的检出率分别为100％、68.4％、68.4％、78.9％;19个受试菌株共分为7个毒力基因型,其中cps2J+/mrp+/epf+/sly+占57.9％,为优势基因型;S.suis 2安徽分离株4种毒力基因的检测序列之间及其与国内其他地区S.suis 2分离株的相应序列同源性均在99.1％以上,与国外S.suis 2分离株的相应序列同源性在87.8％～100％之间;19株cps2J+菌株中有1株菌cps2J基因序列有变异,13株mrp十菌株中有6株菌mrp基因序列发生变异,检测的epf和sly基因序列没有变异.表明cps2J +/mrp+ /epf+/sly+是S.suis 2安徽分离株优势毒力基因型,检测的S.suis 2安徽分离株cps2J、epf和sly基因部分序列较保守,mrp基因部分序列存在较大的变异. 相似文献
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《中国兽医学报》2017,(2):272-277
为了解吉林省猪链球菌的流行情况,从屠宰场采集的猪咽拭子和鼻拭子样品中分离鉴定猪链球菌,并进行菌株血清型、基因型和毒力表型的鉴定,以及致病性和耐药性的分析。结果表明,从100份样品中共分离鉴定猪链球菌104株,其中29株鉴定为血清2型、9型和1型等几种常见的致病性血清型,其他75株不属于常见的致病性血清型。血清2型的菌株中,2株经鉴定为ST1基因型和mrp+epf+sly+毒力型,并经动物试验鉴定为强毒菌株;其他菌株均为ST28基因型和mrp+epf-sly-毒力型,具有中等毒力。血清9型的菌株,均为mrp-epf-sly-毒力型,动物试验鉴定均为强毒菌株。根据Kirby-Bauer纸片扩散法的药敏试验结果,98%的猪链球菌分离株对四环素耐药;对大环内酯类、克林霉素和链霉素的耐药率都在50%以上;对β-内酰胺类、氯霉素和喹诺酮类抗生素的耐药率小于20%。总体分析,从屠宰场分离的猪链球菌强毒菌株所占的比例并不高,但是菌株多重耐药的情况非常严重。 相似文献
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猪链球菌扁桃体分离株的毒力因子分布特征与致病性 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
本研究设计并合成7对引物,用PCR方法对猪链球菌7种主要毒力因子,包括谷氨酸脱氢酶(gdh)、溶血素(sly)、胞外蛋白因子(ef)、溶茵酶释放蛋白(mrp)、纤连蛋白/血纤蛋白原结合蛋白(fpbs)、三磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶(gadph)和毒力相关序列orf2进行检测,分析了29株猪链球菌扁桃体分离株的毒力因子分布特征.在被检的25株2型菌株中,共检测出7个基因型.其中10株(40%)的基因型为cps2/gdh+/sly+/ef+/mrp+/fbps+/gadph+/orf2+,7株(28%)表现为cps2/gdh+/sly-/ef-/mrp+/fbps+/gadph+/orf2+,4株(16%)表现为eps2/gdh+/sly-/ef+/mrp+/fbps+/gadph+/orl2+,基因型表现为eps2/gdh+/sly+/ef+/mrp+/fbps+/gadph+/orf2-、cps2/gdh+/sly-/ef-/mrp+/fbps+/gadph+/orf2-、eps2/gdh+/sly-/ef-/mrp*/fbps+/gadph+/orf2+、eps2/gdh+/sly-/ef-/mrp-/fbps-/gadph+/orf2-各1株;1株猪链球菌7型(SS7)分离株,基因型表现为cps7/gdh+/sly+/ef-/mrp-/fbps+/gadph+/orf2+;3株猪链球茵9型(SS9)扁桃体分离株,均表现为cps9/gdh+/sly-/ef-/mrp-/fbps+/gadph+/orf2+.可见我国SS分离株的毒力基因分布较为复杂,而且SS2的优势流行菌株是同时具有多种毒力因子的高致病茵株.通过对不同毒力基因型毒株对西藏小型猪的感染试验发现:毒力基因型为cps2/gdh+/sly-/ef+/mrp+/fbps+/gadph+/orf2+的健康扁桃体分离株SH06-21D对西藏小型猪有较强的致病性,仅次于标准株HA9801,而基因型为sly-/ef-/mrp-/fbps-/gadph+/orf2-的健康扁桃体分离株GZ06-122B对西藏小型猪不表现明显的致病性. 相似文献
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为分析猪链球菌4型(Streptococcus suis type 4,SS4)分离株的病原生物学特性,试验对来自中国不同地区的10株猪链球菌4型进行了多位点序列分型,通过PCR方法对猪链球菌7个保守管家基因aroA、gki、dpr、mutS、recA、thrA、cpn60进行扩增,测序后将结果上传至MLST数据库查找序列型,然后制作聚类分析图来阐明菌株之间的亲缘关系;采用PCR方法对7种主要的毒力基因gdh、mrp、epf、sly、fbps、gapdh与orf2进行鉴定,通过毒力因子谱来分析猪链球菌4型毒力因子的分布;以纯化的10株细菌对BALB/c小鼠进行动物致病性试验,根据小鼠致死数量筛选出最强毒株,并进行新西兰兔致病性试验。结果显示,10株猪链球菌4型经多位点序列分型,6株为ST850型,3株为ST1006型,1株为ST94型;结合菌株分离地区分析发现,广东和江苏地区菌株有较高的同源性,江沪地区菌株出现分化现象,表现为遗传多样性;10株菌株均检测到了gdh、gapdh和orf2毒力基因,7株检测到sly基因,4株检测到fbps基因,根据毒力因子谱发现共有3个毒力基因型,gdh+sly+gapdh+orf2+型有6株,gdh+fbps+gapdh+orf2+型有3株,gdh+sly+fbps+gapdh+orf2+型仅有1株。动物致病性试验表明,10株细菌均能使BALB/c小鼠死亡,其中SH1510的半数致死量低至1×108 CFU,对小鼠的致病性最强,将纯化的SH1510菌液接种新西兰兔,可使新西兰兔出现典型的神经症状并死亡。以上结果为猪链球菌的遗传进化、毒力研究提供了新的数据,丰富了猪链球菌病的研究。 相似文献
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为分析猪链球菌4型(Streptococcus suis type 4,SS4)分离株的病原生物学特性,试验对来自中国不同地区的10株猪链球菌4型进行了多位点序列分型,通过PCR方法对猪链球菌7个保守管家基因aroA、gki、dpr、mutS、recA、thrA、cpn60进行扩增,测序后将结果上传至MLST数据库查找序列型,然后制作聚类分析图来阐明菌株之间的亲缘关系;采用PCR方法对7种主要的毒力基因gdh、mrp、epf、sly、fbps、gapdh与orf2进行鉴定,通过毒力因子谱来分析猪链球菌4型毒力因子的分布;以纯化的10株细菌对BALB/c小鼠进行动物致病性试验,根据小鼠致死数量筛选出最强毒株,并进行新西兰兔致病性试验。结果显示,10株猪链球菌4型经多位点序列分型,6株为ST850型,3株为ST1006型,1株为ST94型;结合菌株分离地区分析发现,广东和江苏地区菌株有较高的同源性,江沪地区菌株出现分化现象,表现为遗传多样性;10株菌株均检测到了gdh、gapdh和orf2毒力基因,7株检测到sly基因,4株检测到fbps基因,根据毒力因子谱发现共有3个毒力基因型,gdh+sly+gapdh+orf2+型有6株,gdh+fbps+gapdh+orf2+型有3株,gdh+sly+fbps+gapdh+orf2+型仅有1株。动物致病性试验表明,10株细菌均能使BALB/c小鼠死亡,其中SH1510的半数致死量低至1×108 CFU,对小鼠的致病性最强,将纯化的SH1510菌液接种新西兰兔,可使新西兰兔出现典型的神经症状并死亡。以上结果为猪链球菌的遗传进化、毒力研究提供了新的数据,丰富了猪链球菌病的研究。 相似文献
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试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。 相似文献
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Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections
of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal
(GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April
2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs
located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming
areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology
laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum
columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying
degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal
abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy
season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different
nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those
observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes.
But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the
results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. 相似文献
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Rassnick KM Gieger TL Williams LE Ruslander DM Northrup NC Kristal O Myers NC Moore AS 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2001,15(3):196-199
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks. 相似文献
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B. Cinar Kul N. Bilgen J.A. Lenstra O. Korkmaz Agaoglu B. Akyuz O. Ertugrul 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2015,132(6):449-453
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded. 相似文献
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Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Johansson AM Gardner SY Levine JF Papich MG LaFevers DH Fuquay LR Reagan VH Atkins CE 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):887-895
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses. 相似文献
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Waruiru RM Thamsborg SM Nansen P Kyvsgaard NC Bogh HO Munyua WK Gathuma JM 《Tropical animal health and production》2001,33(3):173-187
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round. 相似文献
17.
The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host. 相似文献
18.
Troxel MT Vite CH Van Winkle TJ Newton AL Tiches D Dayrell-Hart B Kapatkin AS Shofer FS Steinberg SA 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):850-859
The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma. 相似文献
19.
Bazin H 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》2003,26(5-6):293-308
Infectious diseases have always been a terrible scourge for humans. The appearance of these plagues, as they were called without distinction, was generally connected to various conditions: asters, climatic changes or religious reasons. The concept of contagious, and then infectious, diseases came slowly. Variolation, i.e. transmission of ‘virulent’ matter to induce a natural disease and the immunity against it, was brought from Constantinople to England by Lady Montague, in 1721. This ‘variolation’ technique was also often performed in veterinary medicine against diseases like sheep-pox or pleuropneumonia. As ‘vaccination’ is the term generally accepted for ‘immunisation’, variolation can be the word designating such a technique. The second period of the history of immunisation began, in 1880, with the studies of Pasteur and his collaborators. A great number of bacterial vaccines were developed: dead, live but attenuated or only parts of pathogens. The viruses were produced in animals, then in eggs and at last, in tissue cultures. Second generation vaccines appeared with genetic engineering: recombinant vaccines, vector vaccines, nucleic acids vaccines, and markers vaccines, among others. These novel technologies can permit the development of new ones and improve the quality of the vaccines already existing. 相似文献