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旨在调查和分析广东省养禽场肠球菌的亚型屎肠球菌和粪肠球菌耐药性及其毒力因子流行分布特征,为控制禽源肠球菌耐药性传播、保障公共卫生安全提供理论依据。作者于2018年从广东省4个养禽场采集肠道样品493份,进行屎肠球菌和粪肠球菌的分离鉴定;采用琼脂二倍稀释法测定肠球菌的最小抑菌浓度（MIC）;PCR方法检测肠球菌的耐药基因和毒力基因。结果显示：1）共分离到125株肠球菌,其中粪肠球菌84株（鸡源66株,鸭源18株）;屎肠球菌41株,均来自鸡肠道样本。2）菌株对四环素、多西环素、红霉素几乎全部耐药,对氟苯尼考和氯霉素的耐药率高达89.60%和74.40%。屎肠球菌耐药率普遍高于粪肠球菌,而粪肠球菌对环丙沙星和利奈唑胺的耐药率高于屎肠球菌;鸭源粪肠球菌对利奈唑胺的耐药率（94%）显著高于鸡源粪肠球菌（39.4%）,屎肠球菌对利奈唑胺均敏感。从鸡分离的1株粪肠球菌对万古霉素耐药。3）耐药基因在屎肠球菌中的检出率高于粪肠球菌,鸭源分离株检出率高于鸡源。耐药基因tetL、fexA、ermB最为流行,检出率均高于90%。其次是optrA基因,检出率为73.60%,poxtA和fexB的检出率均低于20%。在3株鸭源粪肠球菌中检测出cfr基因。4）已检测的毒力基因中efaA的携带率最高,为63.04%（58/92）,其他依次为gelE（54.35%,50/92）、ace（47.83%,44/92）、asa1（44.57%,41/92）。对环丙沙星及高浓度氨基糖苷类耐药的菌株及携带cfr基因的菌株,大多携带agg、asal、gelE或ace。本研究显示养殖场禽源肠球菌耐药严重,鸭源肠球菌对利奈唑胺耐药率高,耐药基因和毒力基因流行且多样,且检测出人医临床重要抗生素耐药基因,应加强对养禽场肠球菌耐药性监测。 相似文献
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试验旨在探索致脑膜炎粪肠球菌对体外血脑屏障功能的影响，寻求稳定的构建体外血脑屏障损伤模型的方法。选用1周龄ICR小鼠进行原代脑微血管内皮细胞（BMEC）分离并通过BMEC特有的凝血因子Ⅷ（coagulation factor Ⅷ，Factor Ⅷ）进行荧光标记，鉴定分离的细胞并判定分离率。选用1~3日龄ICR小鼠分离星形胶质细胞并通过其特有的胶质纤维酸性蛋白（glial fibrillary acidic protein，GFAP）对进行荧光标记，鉴定分离的细胞并判定分离率。将原代细胞传至3代，用Transwell二维小孔分别构建单层BMEC和BMEC与星形胶质细胞共培养的血脑屏障模型。选用致脑膜炎粪肠球菌、非致脑膜炎粪肠球菌和大肠杆菌DH5α感受态细胞分别与构建的体外血脑屏障模型共培养，评估致脑膜炎粪肠球菌对体外血脑屏障模型的穿透性。通过4 h渗透试验、荧光素钠通透性试验和血脑屏障损伤相关标志基因基质金属蛋白酶2（MMP-2）表达量的检测，评估致脑膜炎粪肠球菌对体外血脑屏障模型的影响。结果显示，试验成功分离到BMEC和星形胶质细胞，纯度分别达90%和95%以上。细菌穿透试验结果显示，所选的3株细菌只有致脑膜炎粪肠球菌可穿越体外血脑屏障模型。4 h渗透试验和荧光素钠通透性试验结果显示，共培养模型优于单层BMEC模型。与其他组相比，构建的体外血脑屏障与致脑膜炎粪肠球菌共培养组荧光素钠的穿透力更高，MMP-2基因的表达量明显上升。综上，BMEC与星形胶质细胞共培养的模型优于单层BMEC模型，致脑膜炎粪肠球菌可穿越体外血脑屏障模型，并介导体外血脑屏障损伤，本试验结果为揭示致脑膜炎粪肠球菌对体外血脑屏障损伤机制提供了理论依据。 相似文献
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为获得毛皮动物源粪肠球菌,并评价其益生特性,本研究从健康成年毛皮动物（水貂、狐狸、貉）粪便中分离粪肠球菌,通过形态学观察、生化试验和16S rRNA序列分析等方法进行种属鉴定。测定分离菌株生长曲线、产酸能力、抗菌药敏感性,并挑取部分菌株测定其对于温度、人工胃液、人工胆盐的耐受能力。结果表明,分离菌株中共5株为革兰氏阳性菌,生化特性与粪肠球菌标准株基本相符,且经16S rRNA序列分析鉴定为粪肠球菌。5株菌均于培养后2 h进入对数期,8~10 h进入稳定期,且具有弱产酸能力。分离菌株对四环素、左氟沙星耐药性强,耐药率为100%,其次为青霉素（80%）、红霉素（80%）、庆大霉素（80%）、氯霉素（40%）,对氨苄西林和万古霉素敏感。水貂、狐狸和貉源的粪肠球菌对于60 ℃以下温度处理、pH>3.0的人工胃液、0.3%~0.5%浓度的胆盐耐受能力较强,对70 ℃以上高温和pH<3.0的人工胃液耐受性差。综上所述,本研究共获得5株毛皮动物源（水貂、狐狸、貉）粪肠球菌,分离菌株繁殖较快,适合在毛皮动物肠道中定植并发挥益生作用,且具有较好的益生特性和抗逆性,可作为动物用微生态制剂的候选菌种进一步研究。 相似文献
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屎肠球菌属于肠球菌属中的一类,肠球菌是一种重要的条件致病菌,目前已发现的肠球菌种已经增至近32种,常见的是粪肠球菌（E.faecalis）、屎肠球菌（E.faecium）、鸟肠球菌（E.avium）、坚韧肠球菌（E.durans）等,其中具有临床意义的主要是粪肠球菌与屎肠球菌.肠球菌在动物和人的肠道中属于正常存在的菌群,但是异位寄生于各器官时也会引起相应的感染.肠球菌属中的粪肠球菌（旧称粪链球菌）以及屎肠球菌（旧称屎链球菌）一般情况下没有致病性,并且多年来一直用于微生态制剂加以利用,主要配合益生菌制成,可以替代抗生素预防和治疗动物的一些消化道疾病.但是粪肠球菌和屎肠球菌的某些菌株以及肠球菌的某些成员与动物致病性有关,如禽肠球菌（E.avium）、粪肠球菌（E.facalis）、屎肠球菌（E.faecium）、鸡肠球菌（E.gallinarum）.肠球菌可以感染各种年龄阶段的禽,其中屎肠球菌临床上能引起禽的败血症.屎肠球菌在鸡的饲养环境中也普遍存在,能够引起各种日龄的鸡发病[5].本次屎肠球菌感染鸽主要表现为精神沉郁、食欲下降、机体消瘦、腹泻、零星死亡,可初步断定为慢性感染的表现形式. 相似文献
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从湖南各地送检至实验室的临床样本中分离到42株革兰氏染色阳性及过氧化氢酶阴性的球菌,其中78.6%来自于肺脏,菌落形态及染色镜检均与粪肠球菌参考株ATCC 29212相似,兰氏分群鉴定97.6%（41/42）为D群,生化特性符合粪肠球菌特征。16SrDNA测序鉴定显示：42个分离株与同步测序的ATCC 29212同源性在99.2%到100%之间,与所选择粪肠球菌参考序列的同源性在98.7%到100%之间,NCBI在线BLAST分析发现42株均与GeneBank收录的粪肠球菌序列同源性最高。湖南分离株16SrDNA序列与E.faecalis参考序列进化关系与地域分布无关,来源于不同宿主的菌株的16SrDNA变异并不大,而与E.faecium、E.canis、E.avium、E.hirae等4种肠球菌则有多处变异,这些变异区域在这4种肠球菌中却是保守的。 相似文献
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对上海地区1个规模化养猪场和1个规模化养鸡场分离鉴定的40株粪肠球菌,采用微量肉汤稀释法对12种抗菌药物进行药敏试验,采用Riboprinter®微生物基因指纹鉴定系统检测分离菌株的基因指纹图谱,分别检测分离菌株中的核糖体型和耐药性。结果表明,在40株粪肠球菌中,80%以上为多重耐药菌株,有4株猪源粪肠球菌对万古霉素耐药,其中有2株表现为对万古霉素高度耐药（MIC>64 mg/L）,且对链霉素和庆大霉素同时表现为高度耐药（MIC>2 048 mg/L）。从耐药表型和核糖体分型共同分析粪肠球菌的耐药性,发现多重耐药性严重,同一核糖体型菌株的耐药表型并非完全一致。 相似文献
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从山东省5个规模化种鸡场收集360个孵化后期死胚进行粪肠球菌分离培养,并通过生化试验、粪肠球菌种特异性基因PCR扩增和16 S r RNA基因序列鉴定,共获得115株粪肠球菌。药敏试验结果:分离株对四环素、红霉素、诺氟沙星、环丙沙星的耐药率很高,分别是98%、90%、80%、76%,对头孢噻肟、氯霉素、青霉素G、庆大霉素、氨苄西林、万古霉素的耐药率低,分别是10%、8%、8%、4%、4%、4%,对链霉素和呋喃妥因的耐药率为0。鸡源粪肠球菌的5种毒力因子检出率分别为efa A(26/35)、asal(24/35)、gel E(22/35)、Ace(8/35)、Esp(7/35)。 相似文献
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《中国兽医杂志》2020,(5)
为分析分离自北京地区腹泻犬、健康犬粪便的粪肠球菌的耐药性,研究2种犬粪便来源优势分子型粪肠球菌重要毒力基因携带情况,在中国农业大学教学动物医院收集犬粪便,并分离得到腹泻犬粪便源粪肠球菌45株,健康犬粪便源粪肠球菌32株,采用琼脂稀释法测定分离菌株对12种抗生素的最小抑菌浓度,用多位点序列分型(MLST)技术进行分子分型,并利用PCR方法检测优势分子型粪肠球菌5种不同毒力基因携带情况。结果显示,腹泻犬源和健康犬源粪肠球菌对四环素、多西环素、米诺环素、红霉素、利福平耐药率较高。腹泻犬源分离株对氯霉素、氨苄西林、阿莫西林克拉维酸、呋喃妥因耐药率较低,集中于8.9%～17.8%,对万古霉素不耐药;健康犬源分离株对青霉素、呋喃妥因耐药率较低,分别为4.8%和14.3%,对氨苄西林、阿莫西林克拉维酸、万古霉素不耐药。45株腹泻犬源粪肠球菌共发现15种序列型(ST),优势ST为ST116、ST16、ST179,32株健康犬源粪肠球菌发现18种ST,优势ST为ST16和ST27,2种来源优势ST粪肠球菌agg、gelE、cylB、esp、efaAs毒力基因检出率差异不显著(P0.05)。表明北京地区腹泻犬、健康犬肠道粪肠球菌多重耐药现象严重,需加强抗生素使用的监控和管理;腹泻犬、健康犬肠道粪肠球菌毒力基因携带率差异不显著,都具有向人传播致病性粪肠球菌的风险,兽医临床医护人员和宠物犬饲养人应注意防护。 相似文献
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Troxel MT Vite CH Van Winkle TJ Newton AL Tiches D Dayrell-Hart B Kapatkin AS Shofer FS Steinberg SA 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):850-859
The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma. 相似文献
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Waruiru RM Kyvsgaard NC Thamsborg SM Nansen P Bøgh HO Munyua WK Gathuma JM 《Veterinary research communications》2000,24(1):39-53
A survey of gastrointestinal parasite infections of young (<6 months old), immature (6–12 months old) and adult (>12 months old) dairy cattle on 16 farms in Kiambu District, Kenya was conducted during a dry season (September 1991 to January 1992) and during a wet season (March to July 1992). The survey was based on monthly coproparasitological examination of cohorts and worm counts in tracer calves. The effects of age, sex, farm and season on the prevalence and intensity of helminth and coccidial infections were determined. Faecal egg and oocyst counts revealed that the overall prevalences were: strongyles (including trichostrongyles) (85.5%), liver flukes (Fasciola gigantica) (34.0%), coccidia (30.9%) and tapeworms (9.6%). Eight species of the protozoan Eimeria were identified, the most prevalent species being E. bovis and E. zuernii. The most prevalent nematode genera were Haemonchus, Cooperia, Oesophagostomum and Trichostrongylus. Season, farm and age of the animals had a significant (p<0.05) influence on the intensity of infection with strongyles, liver flukes and coccidia, whereas the sex of the animals had no significant (p>0.05) effect on the prevalence or intensity of infections. A higher intensity of infection with strongyles and coccidia was found in the wet season than in the dry season (p<0.05). The age-specific intensity was in the following order: for strongyles, immature animals of 6–12 months of age had the highest egg counts, followed by young calves and adults. Calves had significantly (p<0.05) higher oocyst counts than immatures or adults. Liver fluke egg counts did not differ significant (p>0.05) between immatures and adult cattle. 相似文献
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Tsutomu Hashizume Ryunosuke Watanabe Yuki Inaba Ken Sawai Ferenc Fülöp György Miklos Nagy 《Animal Science Journal》2017,88(10):1588-1594
The aim of the present study was to clarify the relationship between hypothalamic dopamine (DA) and salsolinol (SAL) for the secretion of prolactin (PRL) in goats. SAL or thyrotropin‐releasing hormone (TRH) was intravenously injected into female goats treated with or without the D2 DA receptor antagonist haloperidol (Hal), which crosses the blood‐brain barrier, and the PRL‐releasing response to SAL was compared with that to TRH. PRL‐releasing responses to SAL, Hal, and Hal plus SAL were also examined after a pretreatment to augment central DA using carbidopa (Carbi) and L‐dopa. The PRL‐releasing response to Hal alone was greater than that to SAL or TRH alone. The PRL‐releasing response to Hal plus SAL was similar to that of Hal alone. In contrast, the PRL‐releasing response to Hal plus TRH was greater than that to TRH or Hal alone. The treatment with Carbi plus L‐dopa inhibited SAL‐ and Hal‐induced PRL secretion. The inhibition of the PRL‐releasing response to SAL disappeared when SAL was injected with Hal. These results indicate that the mechanisms underlying the SAL‐induced PRL response differ from those of TRH, and suggest that hypothalamic DA and its synthesis is associated in part with SAL‐induced PRL secretion in goats. 相似文献
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M Fedida G Dannacher M Perrin J L Martel A Moussa B Perrin 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》1985,8(1):17-28
The authors describe the procedure of laboratory diagnosis for bovine respiratory diseases: direct diagnosis by isolation and for identification of bacteria or viruses and indirect diagnosis by serological methods. They specify the restraints and limits of this diagnosis and the significance results which are obtained and connected with knowledge of anamnestic information. 相似文献
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Trials with fenbendazole (Panacur, Hoechst India Ltd) were carried out on two commercial farms in subtropical western India to study the response and economics of nematode treatment in adult dairy cows. Milk yield, lactation length, time to first oestrus and worm egg output were monitored in treated and control groups. Treatment reduced the egg count considerably. Treated cows produced 142 litres more milk over 100 days (p<0.05), with extension of lactation length and advancement of time to first oestrus. The economic gain in terms of milk yield far outweighed the cost of anthelmintic used. 相似文献
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Bamikole MA Ikhatua UJ Arigbede OM Babayemi OJ Etela I 《Tropical animal health and production》2004,36(2):157-167
The suitability of five species of Ficus, F. mucoso, F. thonningii, F. polita, F. religiosa and F. benjamina, for feeding ruminant livestock was studied. The nutritive and antinutritive components were determined and the acceptability of the forages to livestock was assessed using a cafeteria method in 8 adult small ruminants. Also, the degradation potential of the dry matter of the five Ficus species was investigated using 3 fistulated sheep. The crude protein (CP) content of the Ficus species varied significantly (p < 0.05), ranging from 130 to 180 g/kg DM. The content of neutral detergent fibre (NDF) also varied significantly (p < 0.05), ranging from 650 to 710 g/kg DM. The organic matter (OM) contents did not differ significantly (p > 0.05), having a mean value of 916 g/kg DM. The concentrations of tannin, saponin, phytic acid and oxalic acid were low. The acceptability of the forage was similar for four of the species but poor for F. polita. The extent of DM degradation varied significant among the Ficus species, the ranking order being F. benjamina > F. thonningii > F. mucoso > F. religiosa > F. polita. 相似文献
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R Roubin J Benveniste 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》1985,8(2):109-118
Prostaglandins (PG) and leukotrienes (LT)--arachidonic acid-dependent metabolites--and paf-acether (platelet-activating factor)--an ether phospholipid--are potent mediators of allergic and inflammatory reactions. Their structures, chemical synthesis and biosynthetic pathways have been recently described. These mediators are produced by various cells with proinflammatory activities including the macrophages upon interaction with a specific secretagogue stimulus (phagocytosis of zymosan particles, immune-complexes); in IgE-dependent hypersensitivity reactions; upon interaction with one of these mediators. Formation of these mediators by macrophages depends upon their local environment. Qualitative and/or quantitative variations in their synthesis are observed depending on the tissue they are derived from (alveole or peritoneum) and on the type of inflammation (immunologic specific or not). Their potent biological activities (increase of vascular permeability, smooth muscle contraction, cardiac and vascular effects and/or chemotactism) suggest a role for these mediators in various pathologies. 相似文献