Late blight resistance in a diploid full-sib potato family     

S. Costanzo    B. J. Christ  K. G. Haynes 《Plant Breeding》2004,123(4):377-381

Late blight, caused by Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary, is the most destructive disease of potato worldwide. As this pathogen can rapidly overcome major race‐specific resistance genes, identifying the basis for enhanced quantitative resistance has become a crucial element for implementing advanced breeding strategies. A population of 230 full‐sib progeny derived from a cross between two diploid hybrid Solanum phureja × S. stenotomum clones was evaluated for foliage resistance against late blight in replicated trials at multiple locations in Pennsylvania between 1999 and 2002. In field experiments, plants were evaluated visually for per cent defoliation, and area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) was determined. The two parents and three control cultivars (‘Atlantic’, ‘Kennebec’ and ‘Katahdin’) were included in all trials. In all three experiments, the presence of a significant number of clones exhibiting transgressive segregation were observed. There were significant differences among environments as well as among clones, and the clone × environment interaction was also significant. Stability analysis revealed that 37 clones made a significant contribution to the overall environment × clone interaction. Broad‐sense heritability for resistance, measured as AUDPC, was estimated as 0.67. The overall results indicate the presence in this potato family of a high level of field resistance against late blight. This segregating diploid family appears to be a good candidate for quantitative trait loci mapping to identify and characterize the genetic components of partial late blight resistance.  相似文献   

Cryptic improvement for fertility by continuous selfing of diploid potatoes using Sli gene     

Chalermpol Phumichai  Kazuyoshi Hosaka 《Euphytica》2006,149(1-2):251-258

While a diploid potato was continuously selfed by a function of Sli gene, the level of heterozygosity reduced, and the fertility also reduced (inbreeding depression), which might be improved because continuous selfing could eliminate undesirable recessive alleles. To explore what was occurring as advancing self-generations in terms of fertility, 51 plants of an S₃ diploid potato family were evaluated for fertility-related traits and analyzed by RFLP markers. The level of heterozygosity was positively correlated with any of fertility-related traits (r = 0.108−0.333). At least six loci on six chromosome sections were associated with fertility-related quantitative trait loci (QTLs), of which three performed better in the heterozygotes and three in the homozygotes. By further continued selfing, QTLs performing better in heterozygotes were likely fixed to homozygotes with secondly better performance, and those performing better in homozygotes were fixed to the best genotypes. Thus, the selfed progenies were cryptically being improved for fertility by genetic fixation to the best or better genotypes in fertility-related QTLs.  相似文献   

鲢人工雌核二倍体群体的产生及其遗传分析   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

叶玉珍  吴清江  周建峰  王忠卫 《华中农业大学学报》2003,22(2):147-151

选用遗传失活兴国红鲤的精子作为雌核发育激活源 ,成功地诱导了鲢雌核发育并获得 3个自然加倍的雌核发育二倍体群体。鲢的单倍体诱导率最高达 96 .9% ,自然加倍率最高达 0 .4 4 3%。经分析鉴定 ,雌核发育单倍体胚胎具有 2 4条染色体。而鲢的染色体为 4 8,兴国红鲤为 10 0。雌核二倍体鲢都具有 2套完整的母本染色体 (2n =4 8) ,外部形态性状与亲本鲢完全相同。这些结果表明 ,雌核发育后代的遗传物质来源于母本 ,无父本遗传物质参与。  相似文献   

异源精子诱导栉孔扇贝雌核发育早期胚胎发育及其倍性分析     

王卫军  杨爱国  刘志鸿  周丽青 《上海水产大学学报》2007,16(5):414-420

采用紫外线遗传灭活的长牡蛎（Crassostrea gigas）精子作激活源,经6-DMAP加倍诱导栉孔扇贝（Chlamys farreri）第二极体抑制型雌核发育二倍体;运用荧光显微技术,对雌核发育二倍体卵子早期胚胎发育过程中的核相变化进行观察。结果显示,紫外线处理过的精子入卵后发生一次轻微膨胀,形成雄性原核,但不形成染色体,而是浓缩为致密的染色质小体（DCB）,DCB或滞留于两卵裂球的分裂沟上或进入其一的细胞质中,不与雌原核融合;雌核发育胚胎的发育速度明显滞缓,经6-DMAP处理后胚胎发育速度加快,发育同步化;在雌核发育二倍体诱导过程中,还观察到杂交体、异源三倍体、雌核发育单倍体、雌核发育四倍体。结果为异源精子诱导栉孔扇贝雌核发育提供了细胞学证据。  相似文献   

Population structure and linkage disequilibrium in diploid and tetraploid potato revealed by genome‐wide high‐density genotyping using the SolCAP SNP array     

Benjamin Stich  Claude Urbany  Per Hoffmann  Christiane Gebhardt 《Plant Breeding》2013,132(6):718-724

Genome‐wide association (GWA) mapping in potato requires high‐density genotyping. With the Illumina SolCAP potato single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array, a first tool for GWA mapping in potato became available. Thirty‐six tetraploid varieties and eight diploid breeding clones were genotyped for 8303 SNPs using this array. The objectives of our study were to examine in this set of germplasm: (i) the degree of polymorphism of the SolCAP SNPs in European germplasm, (ii) the population structure, (iii) temporal trends of genetic diversity and (iv) the genome‐wide extent of linkage disequilibrium (LD). Three‐quarters of the SNPs were polymorphic. In the principal coordinate analysis, a clear separation of tetraploid from diploid genotypes was observed, whereas no distinct subgroups among the tetraploid varieties were detected. The nonlinear trendline of the LD measure vs. the physical map distance decayed within 275 bp to an value of 0.10, indicating that theoretically, about 3 million equally distributed SNPs are required for GWA mapping in this diverse set of germplasm. As the LD decay changes with the population selected for GWA mapping, the number of required markers might be different in other germplasm.  相似文献   

Cytological and genetical studies on male sterility inCryptomeria japonica D. Don     

Maki Saito  Hideaki Taira  Yoshihiko Furuta 《Journal of Forest Research》1998,3(3):167-173

Genetic male sterility is a useful trait in plant breeding, especially in angiosperm crops such as corn, onion and carrot. We found a male sterile sugi (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) tree in Toyama, Japan. Pollen of sugi is one of the major causes of pollinosis in Japan. We carried out this research in an attempt to make clear the characteristics and inheritance of this male sterility. Microsporogenesis of the male sterile tree proceeded meiosis, however, the microspores collapsed after they were separated from pollen tetrads in locules, resulting in complete male sterility. Most likely, ethylene evolution was responsible for male sterility expression. Full seed setting in the male sterile tree indicated normal macrosporogenesis. Seeds obtained from crossing between male sterile and normal lines showed relatively high level of germination and their seedlings grew vigorously. The somatic chromosome numbers of 241 germinated seeds, derived from the male sterile tree, were mostly 22, euploid. These results indicated that male sterile tree was different from other similar previously reported trees with low pollen fertility, resulting from triploid or trisomics. Probably, male sterility in sugi is either nuclear genetic male sterility or cytoplasmic male sterility. The study was partially supported by Program for Promotion of Basic Research Actives for Innovative Biosciences.  相似文献   

红鲫(♀)×鲤(♂)杂交鱼的胚胎染色体组倍性研究     

张纯  刘少军  李涛  刘筠 《水产学报》2011,35(9):1369-1373

红鲫属于鲤科、鲤亚科、鲫属,染色体数目为2n=100,核型为22m+34sm+22st+22t;鲤属于鲤科、鲤亚科、鲤属,染色体数目为2n=100,核型为22m+34sm+22st+22t。已有研究表明,红鲫(♀)×鲤(♂)杂交第一代(F₁)和第二代(F₂)为二倍体,F₂能产生染色体数不减数的配子,在第三代(F₃)中形成四倍体鱼。通对F₁和F₃进行胚胎染色体制片,在染色体水平上探讨红鲫和鲤远缘杂交的多倍体发生途径及F₂产生不减数配子的潜能。结果表明,F₁混合胚胎都为二倍性胚胎,没有发现单倍性和多倍性胚胎,但F₃混合胚胎中则有染色体数为100,150,200甚至300的染色体分裂相,推测F₂生殖细胞发生了一次或多次染色体数加倍,产生了二倍性和更高倍性的配子,它们结合形成了不同倍性的F₃胚胎。实验证明双亲基因组大小及核型相似的鲫鲤远缘杂交第一代不发生多倍化,但获得的二倍体杂交后代能产生不减数配子,在F₃中产生多倍体鱼。  相似文献   

二倍体和四倍体泥鳅线粒体ND-5/6基因多态性的PCR-RFLP分析     

郑鹏飞  张桂蓉  魏开建  邹桂伟  王卫民  周玲玲  冉伟 《水利渔业》2011,32(1)

采用PCR-RFLP分析方法,对洞庭湖、武汉两地的二倍体和四倍体泥鳅线粒体DNAND-5/6基因多态性及4个群体遗传变异和遗传关系进行了研究。结果表明,120尾泥鳅mtDNAND-5/6扩增片段长度均为2.2kb;从13种限制性内切核酸酶中筛选出6种多态性内切酶(HaeⅢ、DraⅠ、RsaⅠ、TaqⅠ、HinfⅠ、MspⅠ),对扩增产物进行酶切,共检测到66种单倍型。泥鳅群体内单倍型多样性和核苷酸多样性分别为0.7679～0.9385和0.01041～0.03212;其中,洞庭湖二倍体核苷酸多样性最高(0.03212),武汉二倍体其次(0.02452),二倍体群体内核苷酸多样性高于四倍体。群体间的核苷酸多样性(π)大小为0.02588～0.04144,平均值为(0.031737±0.000005)。群体间的核苷酸歧化距离(δ)大小为0.00462～0.01617,平均值为(0.010659±0.000003);其中,武汉二倍体和四倍体之间的核苷酸歧化距离最大(0.01617),武汉四倍体和洞庭湖二倍体之间的核苷酸歧化距离最小(0.00462)。MonteCarlo模拟x2检验表明,4个群体间的单倍型频率存在极...  相似文献   

二倍体和四倍体泥鳅线粒体ＮＤ ５／６基因多态性的ＰＣＲ ＲＦＬＰ分析     

郑鹏飞  张桂蓉  魏开建  邹桂伟  王卫民  周玲玲  冉伟 《水生态学杂志》2011,32(1):51-56

采用PCR-RFLP分析方法,对洞庭湖、武汉两地的二倍体和四倍体泥鳅线粒体DNAND-5/6基因多态性及4个群体遗传变异和遗传关系进行了研究。结果表明,120尾泥鳅mtDNAND-5/6扩增片段长度均为2.2kb;从13种限制性内切核酸酶中筛选出6种多态性内切酶(HaeⅢ、DraⅠ、RsaⅠ、TaqⅠ、HinfⅠ、MspⅠ),对扩增产物进行酶切,共检测到66种单倍型。泥鳅群体内单倍型多样性和核苷酸多样性分别为0.7679～0.9385和0.01041～0.03212;其中,洞庭湖二倍体核苷酸多样性最高(0.03212),武汉二倍体其次(0.02452),二倍体群体内核苷酸多样性高于四倍体。群体间的核苷酸多样性(π)大小为0.02588～0.04144,平均值为(0.031737±0.000005)。群体间的核苷酸歧化距离(δ)大小为0.00462～0.01617,平均值为(0.010659±0.000003);其中,武汉二倍体和四倍体之间的核苷酸歧化距离最大(0.01617),武汉四倍体和洞庭湖二倍体之间的核苷酸歧化距离最小(0.00462)。MonteCarlo模拟x2检验表明,4个群体间的单倍型频率存在极显著差异(P<0.0001)。UPGMA聚类分析表明,武汉四倍体、洞庭湖二倍体和四倍体聚为一支,亲缘关系较近;武汉二倍体为单独一支。  相似文献   

Differential Gene expression related to morphological variation in the adductor muscle tissues of diploid and triploid fujian oysters,Crassostrea angulata     

Zhen Zeng  Qianglai Tan  Zixia Huang  Bo Shi  Caihuan Ke 《Aquaculture Research》2019,50(12):3567-3578

  相似文献