不同水平复合益生菌制剂添加对奶牛生产性能、乳品质及体细胞数量的影响     

廖智慧  赵晓静  陈志军  李晓  贾敬亮  张召兴  闫港 《中国饲料》2020,(1):49-52

为分析不同水平复合益生菌制剂添加对奶牛生产性能、乳品质及体细胞数量的影响,试验选择胎次、产奶量、泌乳天数相近的荷斯坦奶牛160头随机分成4个组,每个组4个重复,每个重复10头,1组饲喂基础日粮为对照组,试验2、3、4组每头奶牛分别在基础日粮中添加20、40、60 g/d复合益生菌制剂,预试验7 d,试验期为60 d。结果表明:(1)试验后的30、60 d,试验3、4组的平均产奶量较1相比分别提高16.0%、14.9%、25.6%、24.1%(P<0.05);(2)试验2、3、4组的4%乳脂校正、乳蛋白率、总固形物均高于1组(P>0.05);试验2、3、4组的尿素氮均低于1组(P>0.05);试验3、4组的乳糖率、乳脂率较1组分别提高14.6%、13.4%、5.0%、4.2%(P<0.05);(3)试验后的60 d,试验3、4组乳中体细胞数量较1组相比降低9.3%、7.1%(P<0.05)。综上,每头牛每天添加40 g复合益生菌制剂可以提高奶牛的生产性能、乳品质,减少体细胞数量。  相似文献   

益生菌互作对肉鸡生长性能、肠道消化吸收及糖转运蛋白GLUT2影响的研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张利环  张若男  贾浩  马悦悦  朱芷葳  李慧锋  陈员玉 《畜牧兽医学报》2020,51(9):2165-2176

旨在研究益生菌互作对肉鸡生长性能、肠道养分消化吸收及相关糖转运蛋白的影响。本研究中,200只1日龄雄性爱拔益加肉雏鸡被随机分为4组,每组5个重复,每个重复10只。将干酪乳杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌和双歧杆菌分别按比例混合后于牛乳中发酵。对照组正常饮水（control组）,益生菌Ⅰ组（混合比例为2：1：1）、Ⅱ组（混合比例为1：2：1）、Ⅲ组（混合比例为1：1：2）补充1%复合菌乳制品于饮用水中,各组皆饲喂基础日粮。整个试验饲养周期为42 d,每21 d为一个阶段。结果表明：1）与对照组相比,益生菌互作组均可显著提高肉鸡平均日增重（P<0.05）,改善饲料利用率（P>0.05）,在所有益生菌互作组中,益生菌Ⅰ组的肉鸡生长性能最好;2）益生菌互作显著刺激了空肠淀粉酶、脂肪酶、胰蛋白酶的特异性活性（P<0.05）;3）益生菌互作组均显著提高了小肠绒毛高度（P<0.05）,降低了隐窝深度（P<0.05）,上调了GLUT2 mRNA的表达（P<0.05）,其中,以益生菌Ⅰ、Ⅲ组作用最佳。综上所述,益生菌互作能够增强消化酶活性、改善消化道结构、上调营养转运蛋白表达,提高养分的消化率及能量吸收有效性,从而提高肉鸡的生产性能;且当干酪乳杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌和双歧杆菌的混合配比为2：1：1时,复合益生菌制剂对肉鸡的作用效果较佳。  相似文献   

Planococcus maritimus ML1206 Isolated from Wild Oysters Enhances the Survival of Caenorhabditis elegans against Vibrio anguillarum     

Ying-Xiu Li  Nan-Nan Wang  Yan-Xia Zhou  Chun-Guo Lin  Jing-Shan Wu  Xin-Qi Chen  Guan-Jun Chen  Zong-Jun Du 《Marine drugs》2021,19(3)

With the widespread occurrence of aquaculture diseases and the broad application of antibiotics, drug-resistant pathogens have increasingly affected aquatic animals’ health. Marine probiotics, which live under high pressure in a saltwater environment, show high potential as a substitute for antibiotics in the field of aquatic disease control. In this study, twenty strains of non-hemolytic bacteria were isolated from the intestine of wild oysters and perch, and a model of Caenorhabditis elegans infected by Vibrio anguillarum was established. Based on the model, ML1206, which showed a 99% similarity of 16S rRNA sequence to Planococcus maritimus, was selected as a potential marine probiotic, with strong antibacterial capabilities and great acid and bile salt tolerance, to protect Caenorhabditis elegans from being damaged by Vibrio anguillarum. Combined with plate counting and transmission electron microscopy, it was found that strain ML1206 could significantly inhibit Vibrio anguillarum colonization in the intestinal tract of Caenorhabditis elegans. Acute oral toxicity tests in mice showed that ML1206 was safe and non-toxic. The real-time qPCR results showed a higher expression level of genes related to the antibacterial peptide (ilys-3) and detoxification (ugt-22, cyp-35A3, and cyp-14A3) in the group of Caenorhabditis elegans protected by ML1206 compared to the control group. It is speculated that ML1206, as a potential probiotic, may inhibit the infection caused by Vibrio anguillarum through stimulating Caenorhabditis elegans to secrete antibacterial effectors and detoxification proteins. This paper provides a new direction for screening marine probiotics and an experimental basis to support the potential application of ML1206 as a marine probiotic in aquaculture.  相似文献   

Genome Mining for Antimicrobial Compounds in Wild Marine Animals-Associated Enterococci     

Janira Prichula  Muriel Primon-Barros  Romeu C. Z. Luz  Ícaro M. S. Castro  Thiago G. S. Paim  Maurício Tavares  Rodrigo Ligabue-Braun  Pedro A. d&#x;Azevedo  Jeverson Frazzon  Ana P. G. Frazzon  Adriana Seixas  Michael S. Gilmore 《Marine drugs》2021,19(6)

New ecosystems are being actively mined for new bioactive compounds. Because of the large amount of unexplored biodiversity, bacteria from marine environments are especially promising. Further, host-associated microbes are of special interest because of their low toxicity and compatibility with host health. Here, we identified and characterized biosynthetic gene clusters encoding antimicrobial compounds in host-associated enterococci recovered from fecal samples of wild marine animals remote from human-affected ecosystems. Putative biosynthetic gene clusters in the genomes of 22 Enterococcus strains of marine origin were predicted using antiSMASH5 and Bagel4 bioinformatic software. At least one gene cluster encoding a putative bioactive compound precursor was identified in each genome. Collectively, 73 putative antimicrobial compounds were identified, including 61 bacteriocins (83.56%), 10 terpenes (13.70%), and 2 (2.74%) related to putative nonribosomal peptides (NRPs). Two of the species studied, Enterococcus avium and Enterococcus mundtti, are rare causes of human disease and were found to lack any known pathogenic determinants but yet possessed bacteriocin biosynthetic genes, suggesting possible additional utility as probiotics. Wild marine animal-associated enterococci from human-remote ecosystems provide a potentially rich source for new antimicrobial compounds of therapeutic and industrial value and potential probiotic application.  相似文献   

基于Akt信号通路探究益生菌对绵羊蛋白质合成及风味的影响     

陈晓雨  窦露  华晓青  刘畅  杨致昊  苏琳  赵丽华  靳烨 《农业工程学报》2023,39(2):212-221

为基于Akt信号通路探究日粮添加益生菌对绵羊蛋白质合成及风味的影响,选取对照组(基础日粮)和益生菌组(基础日粮中补充丁酸梭菌,5 g/(只·d),活菌数为5.0×10⁸CFU/g)杜泊×小尾寒羊杂一代母羊各9只,将其屠宰后取背最长肌测定肌肉重量、风味物质相对含量、肌纤维组织学形态和蛋白质合成代谢相关酶活及基因表达情况。结果表明：与对照组相比,益生菌组绵羊背最长肌质量显著增大(P<0.05),肌纤维直径及横截面积极显著增大(P<0.01),肌肉中支链氨基酸转氨酶(branched chain aminotransferase,BCAT)及支链α-酮酸脱氢酶(branched-chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase,BCKDH)活性显著升高(P<0.05);益生菌组胰岛素样生长因子-1(insulin-like growth factor 1,IGF-1)、蛋白激酶B(protein kinase B,Akt1)、哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mammalian target of rapamycin,mTOR)、p70核糖体蛋白S...  相似文献   

Prospective use of bacteriocinogenic Pediococcus pentosaceus as direct-fed microbial having methane reducing potential     

Sanjay Kumar  Sumit S Dagar  Seyed H Ebrahimi  Ravinder K Malik  Ramesh C Upadhyay  Anil K Puniya 《中国农业科学(英文版)》2015,(3):561-566

Direct-fed microbials(DFM), generally regarded as safe status, are successfully used in improving rumen ecology, gastro-intestinal health, feed efficiency, milk production and growth rate in ruminants. On the other hand, methanogenesis in rumen, which accounts for a significant loss of ruminant energy and increased greenhouse gas in environment, is of great concern, therefore, use of DFM for improving productivity without compromising the animal health and ecological sustainability is encouraged. The present study was conducted to investigate the methane reducing potential of bacteriocinogenic strain Pediococcus pentosaceus-34. Since, the culture showed no hemolysis on blood agar and DNase activity, hence, it was considered to be avirulent in nature, a prerequisite for any DFM. The culture also showed tolerance to pH 5.0 for 24 h with 0.5% organic acid mixture, whereas when given a shock for 2 h at different p H and organic acids concentrations, it showed growth at pH 3.0 and 4.0 with 0.1 and 1.0% organic acids, respectively, as having good animal probiotics attributes. The total gas production was significantly(P<0.05) higher in live pedicoccal culture(LPC) and dead pedicoccal culture(DPC) both with wheat straw, when compared to the control. In sugarcane bagasse, gas production was significantly lower(P<0.05) with LPC compared to the control and DPC both. Methane was reduced by the inclusion of LPC in sugarcane bagasse(0.07 mL CH4 mg–1 dry matter digestibility) with no effect on other rumen fermentation parameters. However, with wheat straw and LPC total gas, in vitro dry matter digestibility, total volatile fatty acids increased significantly but no reduction in methane production was observed in comparison to the control. Therefore, further research is warranted in this direction, if the bacteriocinogenic strains can be used as DFM for ruminants to improve the ruminant productivity.  相似文献   

菊芋根系分泌物改良滨海盐土的微生物机制     

杨敏  李帅  曹慧翔  黄婷  李媛  谢军伟  赵耕毛 《水土保持通报》2021,41(6):71-81

[目的] 探究菊芋在滨海盐土改良过程中的作用机制,分析菊芋和碱蓬根系分泌物的组分差异,明确土壤微生态环境的变化规律,进一步为盐土改良提供理论依据。[方法] 以种植菊芋和自然碱蓬植被为样地,对菊芋和碱蓬的根系分泌物进行对比分析,研究在根系分泌物作用下土壤微生物数量,微生物量碳氮,微生物群落结构以及土壤酶活性的变化,从而系统地阐明根系分泌物介导下盐土改良的微生物机制。[结果] 菊芋根际土壤中含有果糖（2.343×10^-3 g/kg）、葡萄糖（4.235×10^-3 g/kg）、蔗糖（2.670×10^-3 g/kg）,分别是碱蓬根际土壤的9.28,1.52和2.43倍。而菊芋根际与非根际中的果糖含量存在显著性差异（p<0.05）,其根际中含量为非根际的12.02倍。菊芋土壤还含有低聚果糖（蔗果三糖、蔗果四糖和蔗果五糖）,而碱蓬土壤中未检测出低聚果糖。除糖类外,菊芋根系分泌物还含有烷烃、酚、醛、酯、有机酸、醇、酮、酰胺,其组分较碱蓬土壤更为复杂且某些组分为菊芋特有〔1-氯—十八烷、正十六烷酸、2-甲基-Z-4-十四碳烯、十二酮、（Z）-9-十八碳酰胺、苯丙酸十六烷基酯等〕。功能性根系分泌物（如低聚果糖、果糖、十六烷、十八烷酸等）为根际微生物提供碳源、氮源和营养元素的同时,使菊芋根际土壤中微生物数量显著增加（p<0.05）,土壤微生物量碳、氮显著高于碱蓬土壤（p<0.05）,其值分别是碱蓬土壤的1.95和1.6倍,且菊芋根际的微生物量碳、氮约为非根际的1.69和1.50倍,优势菌群（变形菌门、放线菌门、绿弯菌门、酸杆菌门）所占比重达到90%,土壤有益菌群（Actinobacteria和Acidobacteria）的相对丰度显著增加（p<0.05）,土壤生物活性提升。此外,菊芋根际特有的分泌物（十六烷、烯醛等）,抑制了病原菌的生长,优化了微生物群落结构。除过氧化氢酶外,土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶和碱性磷酸活性显著提高（p<0.05）,其活性分别是碱蓬土壤的1.83,1.88和3.30倍。[结论] 种植菊芋后,通过根际分泌物介导,改善土壤微生物群落结构与功能,增加土壤酶活性,使土壤生物活力得以整体提升,与原生植被碱蓬相比,降低了土壤含盐量,起到了改良盐土的作用。  相似文献   

动物饲用益生菌LPF-2对大肠杆菌抑制作用的培养条件优化     

陈璐  苏明星  刘波  黄素芳  葛慈斌  朱育菁 《勤云标准版测试》2009,29(16)

[研究目的]对畜禽大肠杆菌具有抑制作用的动物饲用益生菌短短芽孢杆菌LPF-2的培养条件进行优化.[方法]以抑菌圈为指标,从时间、温度、摇床转速和培养基pH值研究短短芽孢杆菌LPF-2的最适培养条件,以获得短短芽孢杆菌LPF-2最佳的抑菌效果.[结果]短短芽孢杆菌LPF-2培养24～84h的抑菌圈为10.00～13.00 mm,在24～39℃下培养的抑菌圈为9.00～14.00 mm,转速在90～210 r/min下培养的抑菌圈为13.75～15.00 mm,pH 6.0～8.0下培养的抑菌圈为10.50～14.50 mm.[结论]动物益生菌短短芽孢杆菌LPF-2的最适培养条件为培养基pH 7.5、培养温度30℃、培养时间48 h,摇床转速在90～210 r/min范围内均可.  相似文献   

4种绿色饲料添加剂对肉仔鸡生长性能的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

徐刚  陈玉林  马雄 《西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版)》2008,36(4):1-7

【目的】比较酸化剂、益生素、寡糖和酶制剂4种添加剂对肉仔鸡生长性能的影响,为合理使用添加剂及提高其作用效果提供依据。【方法】选用健康爱拔益加肉仔鸡(AA)240只,采用单因素完全随机试验设计,分成6组,每组4个重复。在相同饲养条件下比较了酸化剂、益生素、寡糖和酶制剂对肉仔鸡的应用效果。【结果】与空白对照组相比,添加酸化剂、益生素、寡糖、酶制剂组0~3周龄肉仔鸡平均日增重分别增加8.49%,7.99%,2.66%,5.72%,增重效果均显著(P<0.05);料肉比分别降低3.33%,1.31%,4.03%,4.73%;粗蛋白、粗纤维、钙和磷的表观利用率均提高;6周龄肉仔鸡大肠杆菌数量降低,而乳酸杆菌数量增加。【结论】就提高肉仔鸡平均日增重,改善微生物菌群结构方面,添加2 g/kg益生素3、g/kg酸化剂的效果优于添加1 g/kg寡糖和0.75 g/kg酶制剂。4种添加剂对肉仔鸡0~3周龄的使用效果优于3~6周龄,即这4种添加剂在生产中以0~3周龄时添加较好。  相似文献   

发酵液中黄芪粗多糖与鸡肠道菌体外相互作用研究   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

王学智  杨志强  李建喜  朱新术  张凯  孟嘉仁  张艳 《甘肃农业大学学报》2008,43(6)

取鸡盲肠和空肠内容物,用培养基分离培养以筛选混合菌FGM和单株菌F1GM1、F1GB1、F1GB3、F1GB4作发酵菌种,分别检测黄芪培养液中粗多糖水平变化和菌体浓度变化.结果表明:当培养液中加入少量黄芪提取浓缩液时(<9%V/V),细菌增殖与药物剂量变化呈正相关性;加药量高于9%时,细菌增殖与药物剂量呈负相关性.加药量低于2.5%时,培养液中粗多糖水平呈下降趋势;加药量为8%~9%时,粗多糖水平升高最为明显.当在培养基中加入适量黄芪提取液后,接入分离的鸡肠道乳杆菌共培养72 h,发酵液中粗多糖的提取率与菌体增殖间有正协同作用.  相似文献