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Daub Matthias Hakl Ulrike Maressa Beira Hailu Dehne Heinz-Wilhelm Hallmann Johannes Kiewnick Sebastian Eberlein Caroline Heuer Holger Moos Jan H Paulsen Hans M Westphal Andreas Sturhan Dieter Kiewnick Sebastian Wolf Stefanie Bühlmann Andy Frey Jürg Nuaima Rasha Heuer Holger Westphal Andreas 《植物病害和植物保护杂志》2014,121(4):187-189
Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - 相似文献
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Fusarium graminearum is a devastating fungal pathogen that causes significant yield and quality losses in cereals. We utilized a diversity set of barley (140 genotypes) to explore vital resistance alleles against this aggressive pathogen. The resistance assessment was carried out on spikes and leaves via artificial inoculations under control conditions. The phenotypic data was subjected to genome-wide association analysis using a genetic map based on DArT and SNP markers. This analysis revealed eleven and nine marker trait associations for leaf disease scoring (LDS) and spike disease scoring (SDS), respectively. The strongest QTL for LDS was found on chromosome 1H where a minor allele of wild origin decreased disease symptoms by 78%. The major QTL allele for SDS was linked with marker locus SCRI_RS174710 on chromosome 5H. In addition, four favorable epistatic interactions effects were found in decreasing disease symptoms. Overall, three QTL were common for LDS and SDS, which indicates a partial genetic relatedness of these resistances in barley. The QTL alleles for LDS and SDS will help to establish organ specific resistances in cultivated barley. 相似文献
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Anne-Katrin?MahleinEmail author Erich-Christian?Oerke Ulrike?Steiner Heinz-Wilhelm?Dehne 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2012,133(1):197-209
Near-range and remote sensing techniques have demonstrated a high potential in detecting diseases and in monitoring crop stands
for sub-areas with infected plants. The occurrence of plant diseases depends on specific environmental and epidemiological
factors; diseases, therefore, often have a patchy distribution in the field. This review outlines recent insights in the use
of non-invasive optical sensors for the detection, identification and quantification of plant diseases on different scales.
Most promising sensor types are thermography, chlorophyll fluorescence and hyperspectral sensors. For the detection and monitoring
of plant disease, imaging systems are preferable to non-imaging systems. Differences and key benefits of these techniques
are outlined. To utilise the full potential of these highly sophisticated, innovative technologies and high dimensional, complex
data for precision crop protection, a multi-disciplinary approach—including plant pathology, engineering, and informatics—is
required. Besides precision crop protection, plant phenotyping for resistance breeding or fungicide screening can be optimized
by these innovative technologies. 相似文献
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Erich-Christian Oerke Heinz-Wilhelm Dehne 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1997,103(3):203-215
Actual and potential crop losses of eight major food and cash crops have been estimated by evaluating data from literature and field experiments. Total losses were calculated from yield reductions due to pathogens, animal pests and weeds on a regional, continental and global level. Since 1965, worldwide production of most crops has increased considerably. Simultaneously, crop losses in wheat, potatoes, barley and rice increased by 4 to 10 percent, in maize, soybean, cotton and coffee losses remained unchanged or slightly decreased. The efficacy of crop protection practices was calculated as the percentage of potential losses prevented by control. The efficacy is highest in cotton (55 percent), it reaches only 34 to 38 percent in the food crops rice, wheat and maize. The variability among cropping areas is high: In Western Europe, 61 percent of potential crop losses is prevented, in North America and Oceania 44, in all other regions 38 percent. Due to the small share of Western Europe in worldwide production of 8 percent, the efficacy of actual crop protection worldwide is only 40 percent.In view of population growth and rising food demand crop production has to be increased substantially. As potential loss rates often increase with attainable yields high productivity largely depends on effective crop protection management. Scenarios for the production of food crops by the year 2025 in developed and in developing countries are given. Recent and future developments in crop protection can contribute to establish sustainability in agriculture and to preserve natural resources. However, although effective control methods have been developed for most biotic yield constraints, the use of crop protection products is regulated by economic considerations rather than by food demand. 相似文献
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