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叶片是植物进行光合作用的主要场所,其衰老由内源遗传发育信号和外界环境胁迫所启动,是一个非常复杂有序的调控过程。烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide,NAD)是脱氢酶的辅酶,在糖酵解、糖异生、三羧酸循环以及呼吸链等代谢中发挥着不可替代的作用。最新研究表明,水稻NAD生物合成参与调控沉默信息调控因子Sirtuins的生物活性、组蛋白H3K9去乙酰化、植物激素茉莉酸(JA)和叶片衰老。本文综述了有关水稻叶片衰老的细胞生理特征、Sirtuins酶活、NAD生物合成以及水稻早衰的OsSRT1-NAD调控途径和OsSRT1-Me OH-JA调控途径,以期阐明水稻叶片衰老的分子机理及其调控途径,为高产育种提供相应的理论参考。 相似文献
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人造板游离甲醛释放量测定的主要影响因素的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
试验表明，人造板在存放过程中，板材的游离甲醛释放量逐渐下降并趋于稳定。在测定中的萃取时间、样品大小、甲苯的重复使用对测定结果都有一定的影响。 相似文献
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为筛选适合甜菜品种纯度鉴定的SRAP核心引物,以12个进口国外甜菜品种为材料,对546对SRAP引物组合进行扩增,利用8%的非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳进行分离,选择适合甜菜品种纯度鉴定的SRAP核心引物组合。结果从546对SRAP引物组合中筛选出扩增条带清晰、多态性丰富、重复性好的引物组合23对,这23对引物组合共扩增出177条多态性条带,引物的PIC值均大于0.6。平均每对引物扩增7.7条多态性条带,从理论上讲,这些核心引物完全可以实现对现有甜菜品种的鉴定。 相似文献
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Sheng Teng Chaoguang Tian Mingsheng Chen Dali Zeng Longbiao Guo Lihuang Zhu Bin Han Qian Qian 《Euphytica》2006,152(2):141-148
Chlorate resistance is one of the reliable characters in Indica/Japonica classification. To understand the genetic basis of chlorate resistance is very important for revealing the evolutionary mechanism of Indica/Japonica differentiation. In this study, a doubled haploid (DH) population derived from anther culture of ZYQ8/JX17, a typical Indica and Japonica hybrid, was used as the genetic material to investigate chlorate sensitivity of the parents and DH lines. The quantitative trait loci (QTLs) of chlorate resistance were analyzed based on the molecular linkage map of this population. Total of 3 QTLs (qCHR-2, qCHR-8 and qCHR-10) for chlorate resistance were detected on chromosomes 2, 8 and 10, respectively. A QTL × QTL epistatic interaction was detected between qCHR-2 and qCHR-10. Genes involved in nitrogen assimilation, such as nitrate reduction, molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis and nitrate transport were strong candidates of QTLs for chlorate resistance. A putative nitrate reductase gene (8611.t00011), and two putative nitrate reductase genes (9319.t00010 and 9319.t00012) were in the genomic region of qCHR-2, and qCHR-8, respectively, and a putative nitrate transporter gene (756.t00011) was in the region of qCHR-10. The expression of 8611.t00011, 9319.t00010 and 756.t00011 were confirmed by the corresponding cDNAs, and 2 in/del and 12 SNPs in the coding regions of these three genes were found between Indica (cv. 9311) and Japonica (cv. Nipponbare) in silico. These results indicated that these three genes were candidates of the chlorate resistance QTLs. An in/del in the coding region of 8611.t00011 was used to develop a new PCR marker. A polymorphism was detected between JX17/Nipponbare and ZYQ8/9311. This polymorphism corresponds to the chlorate sensitivity of Nipponbare and 9311. This marker was located between Y8007R and RM250 on chromosome 2 in the DH population, where qCHR-2 was also located. 相似文献
5.
Effective cumulative temperature (ECT) after heading would be a more reasonable parameter for seed sampling of pre-harvest sprouting/seed dormancy (SD) tests in segregating populations than the days after flowering. SD is an important agronomic trait associated with grain yielding, eating quality and seed quality. To identify genomic regions affecting SD at different grain-filling temperatures, and to further examine the association between SD and ECT during grain-filling, 127 double haploid (DH) lines derived from a cross between ZYQ8 (indica)/JX17 (japonica) by anther culture were analyzed. The quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and their digenic epistasis for SD were identified using a molecular linkage map of this population. A total of four putative QTLs for SD (qSD-3, qSD-5, 6 and 11) were detected on chromosomes 3, 5, 6 and 11, together explaining 41.4% of the phenotypic variation. Nine pairs of digenic epistatic loci were associated with SD on all but chromosome 9, and their contributions to phenotypic variation varied from 2.87%–8.73%. The SD QTL on chromosome 3 was identical to the QTLs found in other mapping populations with different genetic backgrounds, which could be a desirable candidate for gene cloning and marker-assisted selection in rice breeding. 相似文献
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水稻种质资源包括栽培稻、野生稻及育种材料等各种类型,是水稻新品种选育、生物技术研究以及农业生产的物质基础。中国具有丰富的水稻种质资源,但其利用率却不高,原因之一就在于传统方法不能够对其进行准确的研究评价。理想的分子标记具有稳定性高、重复性好、检测简单快速和共显性遗传等优点。本文综述了分子标记技术在水稻种质资源遗传多样性分析、重要功能基因的挖掘、品种DNA指纹库的构建及分子育种材料遗传基础的拓展等方面的作用,旨在为更充分的将分子标记技术应用于水稻种质资源的鉴定和分子育种提供参考。 相似文献
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甜菜BvMTP11基因的克隆及序列分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在植物中,金属耐受蛋白(Metal tolerant proteins,MTPs)是阳离子转运家族(Cation effluxtransporters)重要的成员之一,其在细胞重金属逆境耐受性及离子平衡代谢中发挥着重要的作用。本研究通过RT-PCR方法,在甜菜体内克隆获得了Beta vulgaris metal tolerantce protein 11(BvMTP11)基因的全长序列。该基因CDS全长为1 227 bp,编码了408个氨基酸,分子量(Mw)和等电点(pI)分别为45.935 kDa和4.89,属于相对不稳定蛋白。该基因编码的蛋白有5个跨膜螺旋区,是一种具有阳离子排出域(Cation efflux domain)的膜蛋白,并且有80%的可能性定位于过氧化物酶体膜上。因此可以推测,BvMTP11可能作为甜菜体内重要的转运蛋白参与到重金属逆境胁迫应答网络中,同时,该基因的克隆也为进一步研究其在重金属逆境下的分子机制奠定基础。 相似文献
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DNA错配修复(mismatch repair,MMR)是DNA损伤修复的一个重要途径,主要用于细胞中DNA合成和遗传重组时发生损伤过程中出现的单个或少数碱基的缺失、插入以及错配的修复,它对维持基因组稳定性和DNA复制保真度至关重要。原核生物和真核生物中都有非常保守的MMR系统。在人体DNA修复系统的研究中,发现癌症的发生与Muts蛋白家族功能缺陷密切相关。类似的在拟南芥和水稻中功能缺陷的Muts蛋白家族(同源蛋白Muts homolog,MSH)会产生增变基因表型,这将为植物的基因功能分析和育种利用奠定基础。基于此,本文综述了近年来有关植物DNA错配修复及相关基因功能的研究进展,特别是植物MMR功能缺陷导致基因突变和微卫星不稳定造成的性状畸形进行了描述,对Muts蛋白家族各个亚基功能做了分类说明,并对植物中如何利用MSH产生的增变基因突变和如何利用突变育种研究进行了展望。 相似文献
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籼稻C84和粳稻春江16B重组自交系遗传图谱构建及籽粒性状QTL定位与验证 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
【目的】本研究旨在挖掘水稻粒型新基因、探索其分子机理,解析籽粒发育调控遗传网络奠定基础,并为通过分子标记聚合有利基因开展超级稻分子设计育种提供理论依据。【方法】以植株和籽粒形态差异较大的晚粳稻品种春江16B(CJ16B）和广亲和中籼稻背景恢复系C84为亲本构建含有188个家系的重组自交系为作图群体,利用158对在双亲中存在多态性差异的分子标记,构建了遗传连锁图谱,总遗传距离为1428.40cM,平均标记间距为9.04cM。在构建遗传图谱的基础上,完成RIL188个株系籽粒的粒长、粒宽、粒厚、长宽比和千粒重等5个性状考查并进行QTL定位。【结果】在海南陵水和浙江杭州两地共检测到籽粒相关主效QTL30个,包括籽粒QTL新座位18个,解释遗传变异3.51%~17.25%。其中粒长、粒宽、粒厚和长宽比QTL位点分别为9个、5个、5个和6个,千粒重QTL位点5个。经基因座位比对,发现有5个QTL区间与已克隆的调控籽粒形态相关基因座位相近,我们通过对双亲目标基因的测序并根据差异位点设计dCAPs分子标记进行验证。【结论】该RIL群体及其遗传图谱可用于水稻重要农艺性状主效QTL基因的定位和克隆,新定位的18个粒型QTL可以为水稻籽粒发育调控网络提供补充和资料积累。 相似文献