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1.
氯酸钾抗性是水稻籼粳分类重要指标之一,深入研究氯酸钾抗性机制对揭示籼粳分化的遗传生理基础具有理论和实践意义。本文利用4份籼稻材料和4份粳稻材料,研究硝酸还原酶NR、亚硝酸还原酶NIR与水稻氯酸钾抗性的关联性。结果表明：NR酶活与水稻氯酸钾反应指数呈显著正相关 (r=0.716*,显著性水平0.046),NIR酶活与水稻的氯酸钾反应指数相关性不显著(r=-0.628,显著性水平0.096),而NIR/NR比值与水稻的氯酸钾反应指数呈极显著负相关(r=-0.879**,显著性水平0.004)；当NR活性受抑制时,则NIR酶活与水稻氯酸钾反应指数呈显著负相关(r=-0.709*,显著性水平0.049)。由此推断：NIR/NR的相对大小影响了水稻氯酸钾抗性的强弱。这对深入揭示水稻氯酸钾抗性机理有重要参考价值。 相似文献
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Boyin Qiu Weihui Zhou Dawei Xue Fanrong Zeng Shafaqat Ali Guoping Zhang 《Euphytica》2010,174(2):199-207
Identification of Cr-tolerant lines in a rice DH population was conducted based on the modified weighted function analysis.
The significant difference was found between the two parents and among DH population lines, with lines 117, 101 and parent
ZYQ8 showing the high Cr tolerance, lines 41 and 49 showing Cr sensitivity. A dramatic difference also existed in Cr accumulation
of plant tissues, with lines 19, 18 and 1, 5 having the minimum and maximum shoot Cr accumulation, respectively, and line
19, parent JX17 and lines 1, 56, ZYQ8 having the minimum and maximum root Cr accumulation, respectively. There was a significant
difference in shoot/root ratio of Cr accumulation among the population, with line 18 and parent ZYQ8 ranking the tops and
lines 109, 71, 19, parent JX17 ranking the bottoms. Zn uptake and accumulation was reduced when the plants were exposed to
Cr stress. In addition, three QTLs were detected, which are, respectively, associated with Cr accumulation in shoot and root,
and ratio of shoot to root. 相似文献
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QTL analysis of seed storability in rice 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
A double haploid population, which consists of 127 lines derived from anther culture of a typical indica and japonica hybrid ‘ZYQ8’/‘JX17’, was used in this study. Seed storability was investigated by using the storage property measured by the difference of seed germination rates before and after treatment of the rice seeds under 40°C and 95% relative humidity for 10 days in a phytotron. Three QTLs related to rice seed storability were detected on chromosomes 9, 11 and 12, with the LOD scores 2.76, 4.83 and 2.54, respectively, together explaining 35.4% of the genetic variation. The ‘JX17’ allele at qLS‐9 and the ‘ZYQ8’ alleles at qLS‐11 and qLS‐12 could enhance the rice seed storability. The effects of the ‘ZYQ8’ alleles of qLS‐11 and qLS‐12 were also verified using chromosome segment substitution lines. 相似文献
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Cadmium (Cd) is a non-essential element and toxic to plants. To investigate the genetics of Cd tolerance and accumulation
in rice, quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with Cd tolerance and accumulation at the seedling stage were mapped using
a doubled haploid (DH) population derived from a cross between a japonica JX17 and an indica ZYQ8. A total of 22 QTLs were found to be associated with shoot height (SH), root length (RL), shoot dry weight (SDW), root
dry weight (RDW), total dry weight (TDW) and chlorophyll content (CC), and 10 and 12 QTLs were identified under the control
and Cd stress conditions, respectively. For Cd tolerant coefficient (CTC), 6 QTLs were detected on chromosomes 1, 3, 5, 8
and 10. Under Cd stress, 3 QTLs controlling root and shoot Cd concentrations were mapped on chromosome 6 and 7. One QTL for
shoot/root rate of Cd concentration was identified on chromosome 3. The results indicated that Cd tolerance and accumulation
were quantitatively inherited, and the detected QTLs may be useful for marker-assistant selection (MAS) and identification
of the genes controlling Cd tolerance and accumulation in rice. 相似文献
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通过对籼粳交Ｆ１体细胞愈伤组织的秋水仙素处理和四倍体花药培养，建成了水稻四倍体诱导及双单倍体分解系统。应用这一系统获得了４４个籼粳交组合的双单倍体及其自交４后代。对这些双单倍体及其后代的遗传分析表明，籼粳交育性可能受寡基因控制，双单倍体途径通过改变正常的世代交替过程，能部分克服籼粳交的不育性及倾籼或倾粳的偏态分离，并具有比Ｆ２更丰富的遗传多样性。在双单倍体一代群体中，育性正常的植株约占４０％，这是 相似文献
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Effective cumulative temperature (ECT) after heading would be a more reasonable parameter for seed sampling of pre-harvest sprouting/seed dormancy (SD) tests in segregating populations than the days after flowering. SD is an important agronomic trait associated with grain yielding, eating quality and seed quality. To identify genomic regions affecting SD at different grain-filling temperatures, and to further examine the association between SD and ECT during grain-filling, 127 double haploid (DH) lines derived from a cross between ZYQ8 (indica)/JX17 (japonica) by anther culture were analyzed. The quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and their digenic epistasis for SD were identified using a molecular linkage map of this population. A total of four putative QTLs for SD (qSD-3, qSD-5, 6 and 11) were detected on chromosomes 3, 5, 6 and 11, together explaining 41.4% of the phenotypic variation. Nine pairs of digenic epistatic loci were associated with SD on all but chromosome 9, and their contributions to phenotypic variation varied from 2.87%–8.73%. The SD QTL on chromosome 3 was identical to the QTLs found in other mapping populations with different genetic backgrounds, which could be a desirable candidate for gene cloning and marker-assisted selection in rice breeding. 相似文献
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16个水稻品种稻米贮藏蛋白组分比较研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
选取16个水稻品种,其中包括籼稻品种4个(9311、明恢63、轮回422、kasalath)、粳型三系恢复系水稻品种4个(湘晴、C2、C9、C15)以及8个粳型常规稻、三系保持系或两系恢复系水稻(日本晴、越光、武香075、上师4号、寒丰、秀水09、嘉花1号、优丰),采用不连续的SDS-PAGE电泳分析16种水稻糙米和精米种子贮藏蛋白组分。各种水稻能够显示清晰的蛋白组分条带主要有:谷蛋白37~39 kD酸性亚基、22~23 kD碱性亚基、谷蛋白57 kD前体多肽和13 kD醇溶蛋白多肽。通过对不同水稻品种蛋白组分的分析,筛选到谷蛋白含量相对较高的籼稻和粳型材料。开展本试验可为今后利用杂交方法培育高谷蛋白常规水稻以及高谷蛋白杂交稻组合研究中的亲本选择提供参考。 相似文献
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栽培稻的基因型差异程度和分类 总被引：12，自引：1，他引：11
本文利用来自一个籼/粳交(圭630/02428)的双单倍体(DH)系和由多种类型的籼、粳品种(系)组成的对照组,从分子水平上研究亚洲栽培稻的基因型差异。结果表明,栽培稻中存在两种主要的差异类型,即质的差异和量的差异。前者主要存在于籼、粳分化程度比较高的对照组中,85%以上的有关位点已经发生了籼或粳的分化趋向;后者主要存 相似文献
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水稻染色体片段代换系对氮、磷胁迫反应差异及其QTL分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用来源于9311(籼稻)与日本晴(粳稻)杂交后代衍生的遗传背景为9311的染色体片段代换系群体,分析其在大田正常、低氮和低磷条件下的单株有效穗和单株产量的差异。结果表明,低磷、低氮胁迫对单株有效穗和单株产量影响较大。代换系对低磷和低氮的反应存在明显差异。在低氮(磷)水平下共检测到26个单株有效穗和单株产量片段或QTL,以及12个相对单株有效穗和相对单株产量QTL。源于日本晴的等位基因均呈减效作用。低磷和低氮下共同检测到5个导入片段影响单株有效穗或单株产量。而大部分(约81%)QTL只在单胁迫处理下被检测到。表明水稻对磷胁迫和氮胁迫的反应既存在不同的遗传基础,也存在共同的遗传机制。 相似文献
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Identification of quantitative trait loci for Cd and Zn concentrations of brown rice grown in Cd-polluted soils 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Xiaoqin Zhang Guoping Zhang Longbiao Guo Huizhong Wang Dali Zeng Guojun Dong Qian Qian Dawei Xue 《Euphytica》2011,180(2):173-179
Low grain cadmium (Cd) and high grain zinc (Zn) rice cultivars have become the current rice breeding objectives. However,
the genetic control of Cd and Zn concentrations in brown rice remains poorly understood, especially when grown in Cd-contaminated
soil. In this study, quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with grain Cd and Zn concentrations and Cd/Zn ratio were identified
using a doubled haploid population derived from a cross between japonica JX17 and indica ZYQ8 rice cultivars. Three and two QTLs were detected for Cd and Zn concentration in brown rice, respectively. Two QTLs associated
with grain Cd/Zn ratio on chromosomes 3 and 6 were initially mapped. These QTLs accounted for 10.83–41.66% of the total variance
of the three traits measured. Only one common locus on chromosome 6 was found for Cd concentration and Cd/Zn ratio. The lack
of co-location of the QTLs for Cd and Zn concentrations in this mapping population suggests different genetic mechanisms.
In summary, our results provide insight into the genetic basis of rice grain Cd and Zn accumulation; the isolated QTLs may
be useful for marker-assisted selection and identification of genes associated with Cd and Zn accumulation in rice. 相似文献
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为发掘控制水稻外观品质相关性状的稳定QTL,利用籼稻品种‘贵9B’(Gui 9B)和粳稻品种‘热研2号’(Reyan No.2)为亲本,构建了包含100个家系的重组自交系群体为作图群体。分别于2014年12月和2015年5月将该群体种植于海南三亚和贵州贵阳2个不同生态环境,对稻米粒长和垩白粒率等外观品质性状进行了QTL分析。结合相应的分子连锁图谱及完备区间作图定位方法,对外观品质性状进行QTL定位分析。QTL检测结果表明:2个环境中共定位到16个外观品质QTL,分布在第1、第2、第3、第5、第9、第10和第11条染色体上,LOD值介于2.50~10.98之间,贡献率介于7.64%~19.89%之间。其中,有8个QTL为首次发现,有2个影响粒长的QTL在2个环境下均被检测到。本研究有利于推动水稻外观品质性状基因遗传研究和分子辅助育种。 相似文献
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硝酸还原酶活力与作物耐肥性的研究 Ⅱ、籼、粳稻对硝态氮的吸收和同化 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
本文以籼(原丰早)、粳(京引127)稻为材料,研究了它们对 NO3的吸收和同化 NO3为氨基酸过程中有关酶的活力。结果指出:1)籼稻幼苗根对外液NO3的吸收能力高于粳稻;2)籼稻叶片把 NO3-同化为 NH4+的硝酸还原酶(NR)和亚硝酸还原酶(NiR)活力都高于粳稻;3)在进一步同化 NH4+(无机态氮)为氨基酸(有机态氮)的谷氨酸脱氢酶(GDH)和谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)/谷氨酸合酶(GOGAT)两条途径中,籼稻叶片的 GDH、GS 和 GOG-AT 活力都高于粳稻。这些结果说明了耐肥性弱的籼稻对 NO3的吸收同化能力高于耐肥性强的粳稻,也就是说籼稻比粳稻对氮肥的反应更敏感。籼、粳稻的这种差异可能也存在于其他不同耐肥性的作物品种间。这就以作物内在的氮素代谢基础说明了作物品种对氮肥反应的差异原因,即作物耐肥性的生理基础。还应指出在作物对 NO3吸收同化的诸因素中硝酸还原酶起着主要的和关键的作用。 相似文献
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利用9311来源的粳型染色体片段代换系定位控制稻米糊化温度的微效QTL 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
糊化温度(gelatinization temperature, GT)是评价稻米蒸煮与食味品质的重要因素之一, 除受一主效基因控制外, 还受多个微效基因的影响。本研究利用粳稻品种日本晴和籼稻品种9311作为受体和供体来源的一套染色体片段代换系为研究对象, 于2010-2011年连续2年分别于2个环境内种植, 测定各株系稻米的糊化温度(碱消值), 利用t测验与轮回亲本比较。结合高通量重测序技术鉴定各代换系的基因型, 以一年两地检出的极显著差异位点作为一个QTL, 共检测到4个控制GT的微效QTL, 即qGT2-1、qGT7-1、qGT8-1和qGT12-1, 分别位于第2、7、8和12号染色体上。加性效应分析结果显示, 4个QTL的效应值均为负值, 表明来自籼稻品种9311的这4个片段对碱消值的效应均为负效应。其中qGT7-1和qGT12-12个QTL在2年4个环境均被检测到, 遗传效应的趋势也一致, 加性效应贡献率为11.31%~28.95%。以受体亲本碱消值差异最大的代换系N53株系及亲本为材料, 对稻米淀粉精细结构进行分析, 推测支链淀粉中短链含量的减少可能会引起GT的升高。上述结果为进一步精细定位和克隆相应QTL及开展稻米品质改良的分子育种奠定了基础。 相似文献
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通过比较粳稻品种日本晴和籼稻品种9311成熟胚愈伤诱导和分化阶段,愈伤组织的基础生理代谢差异,探讨籼稻9311再生率低于粳稻日本晴的可能原因。研究表明,在愈伤诱导和分化的所有不同时期,在所有时期日本晴愈伤中的总氮和氨态氮含量均高于9311,在分化25天以前,硝态氮含量也高于9311。此外,在细胞代谢水平上,通过对可溶性蛋白含量的差异分析表明,在愈伤诱导一个月至分化15天时,日本晴的可溶性蛋白含量高于9311。 相似文献
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The Indica‐Japonica differentiation of three photoperiod‐sensitive and/or thermosensitive genetic male‐sterile rice (PGMS or TGMS, respectively) lines and 47 male parental lines from seven ecotypes were studied for their restriction fragment length polymorphism marker data to determine which ecotype crosses with the three PGMS and/or TGMS lines could lead to higher yield potential, and to estimate the relationship between the Indica‐Japonica differentiation of parents and heterosis in grain yield and its components. The results indicated that hybrids derived from ‘N422s’ and the early‐middle ripening Indica varieties from southern China, and hybrids between ‘Pei'ai64s’ and three Japonica ecotypes, including North‐eastern Japonica varieties, restoring lines of Japonica hybrid rice and north China Japonica varieties, showed the highest grain yields. There was less variation of yield among the F1s between ‘108s’ and the seven ecotypes than among the other F1s. Highly significant positive correlations between heterosis of the F1 yield and genetic distance of the parents were detected, although the correlation between F1 yield performance and genetic distance did not reach a significant level. Considerable variation of correlation between heterosis and genetic distance was also detected in the Indica × Indica crosses and Indica × Japonica crosses. There was much higher correlation (r = 0.63) between the F1 yield performance and the genetic distance of parents in the Indica × Indica crosses than in the others. It is proposed that a genetic distance of 0.4‐0.8 between the two parents of hybrid rice might be appropriate not only for F1 performance, but also for heterosis. 相似文献