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树莓叶黄酮类物质超声波提取工艺及抗氧化性的研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
文章研究了超声波提取法提取树莓叶中的黄酮类物质最佳提取工艺条件及抗氧化性,结果表明,超声波提取法提取树莓叶中总黄酮的最佳提取条件是时间50min、提取温度60℃、乙醇质量分数60％、料液比1：25,此条件下总黄酮物质的得率为5.72％。抗氧化实验表明,树莓叶提取物能有效抑制脂质过氧化,对羟基自由基和DPPH自由基有很好的清除作用。 相似文献
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采用高压均质的方法对芦笋老茎多糖进行提取,以均质压力、均质次数、料液比为单因素试验变量,以多糖得率为指标,采用正交试验的方法,对芦笋老根中的多糖提取条件进行优化,并测定了抗氧化性。结果表明,高压均质法提取芦笋老根多糖最佳工艺条件为均质压力100 MPa,料液比1∶35,均质3次,多糖提取得率平均为4.16%,对DPPH自由基和羟自由基的清除率最高分别达到了74.2%,68.4%。 相似文献
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为研究紫山药原花青素的最佳提取工艺以及抗氧化活性,以紫山药为试验材料,采用BoxBehnken中心组合试验设计和响应面分析,优化双酶法提取紫山药原花青素的提取工艺,并对其体外抗氧化活性进行评价。结果表明,最佳提取工艺为纤维素酶加酶量2.19%、果胶酶加酶量2.32%、酶解时间73 min、酶解温度45℃、液料比15 mL:1 g、pH 4.5,此条件下紫山药原花青素得率为93.06 mg/g。体外抗氧化试验结果表明,双酶法提取的紫山药原花青素具有明显的抗氧化性,对DPPH自由基(DPPH·)和羟基自由基(·OH)半数抑制率浓度IC50分别为0.165、0.267 mg/mL,清除能力强于维生素C。 相似文献
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以菊芋叶为原料,以料液比、乙醇浓度、超声时间、超声功率为考察因素,在单因素试验的基础上,通过响应面设计优化菊芋叶多酚的提取工艺,并探究菊芋叶多酚的体外抗氧化活性.结果表明,菊芋叶多酚的最佳提取条件为:料液比1:20(g/mL),乙醇浓度50％,超声时间50 min,超声波功率500 W,在该条件下多酚得率为31.923 mg/g.抗氧化试验表明:菊芋叶多酚具有明显的抗氧化活性,对DPPH自由基(DPPH·)、羟基自由基(·OH)和超氧阴离子自由基(O2·)有较好的清除能力;与VC的抗氧化活性相比,菊芋叶多酚对O2·的清除作用明显高于VC. 相似文献
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以灵芝孢子粉为主要原料,在单因素试验的基础上,以灵芝多糖得率为评价指标,采用正交试验优化了灵芝多糖纤维素酶法提取工艺,然后以灵芝多糖为主要原料,感官评分为评价指标,采用单因素试验和正交试验优化灵芝多糖功能饮料的配方,同时对饮料的体外抗氧化活性进行了研究.结果表明,纤维素酶法提取灵芝多糖的最佳条件为:料液比1:55(g/mL),酶解温度50℃,酶解时间60 min,纤维素酶用量3％,该条件下灵芝多糖得率为2.89％.灵芝多糖功能饮料的最佳配方为:白砂糖10％,芒果浓缩汁4％,柠檬酸0.2％.体外清除自由基试验结果表明:灵芝多糖功能饮料对DPPH·和OH·均具有良好的清除作用,其半清除率(IC50)分别为0.537 mg/mL和0.650 mg/mL,总还原力最高达到1.15％,说明该产品具有一定的抗氧化能力,具有作为保健型功能饮料开发的潜能. 相似文献
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以金银花为原料,通过单因素试验和响应面耦合遗传算法优化超声-酶辅助提取金银花绿原酸的工艺;同时探究最优提取工艺下获得的金银花绿原酸提取物对ABTS+自由基和羟基自由基清除能力的影响.结果表明,超声-酶辅助提取金银花绿原酸最优的工艺参数为:超声功率157 W,提取时间30 min,提取温度34℃,果胶酶添加量0.20％,乙醇体积分数61％,在此条件下所得绿原酸提取率为12.85％±0.37％.体外抗氧化活性表明:金银花绿原酸提取物具有较强的抗氧化活性,其中对ABTS+自由基和羟基自由基清除率的IC50分别为(6.18±0.07)mg/mL和(4.75±0.06)mg/mL.研究结果为金银花绿原酸提取提供一种可行的方法. 相似文献
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以波罗蜜种子为研究对象,在单因素试验的基础上,采用L9(34)正交试验法,探究微波辅助提取波罗蜜种子黄酮类化合物的最佳工艺条件及其抗氧化活性。结果表明,波罗蜜种子黄酮类化合物的最佳提取工艺条件为:微波功率480 W,微波时间20 s,乙醇浓度80%,固液比1∶10(g/m L),浸提温度50℃,浸提时间2.5 h,该工艺条件下平均提取率为5.30%。波罗蜜种子黄酮类化合物具有清除羟自由基、超氧阴离子自由基的作用,其抗氧化性明显,当其浓度达0.076 6 mg/m L时,对超氧阴离子自由基的清除率超过34%;当其浓度达0.06 mg/m L时,对羟自由基的清除率超过98%。波罗蜜种子黄酮类化合物对油脂的抗氧化性强于BHT,而弱于VC。 相似文献
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对超声波辅助提取沙棘(Hippophae fhamnoides L)多糖的工艺进行优化.采用单因素试验考察提取时间、功率和料液比对沙棘多糖得率的影响,采用正交试验确定最佳工艺参数,并与水提法、微波法和酶法的提取效果进行对比研究.结果显示,超声波辅助提取沙棘多糖的最佳工艺条件为:提取时间45 min,功率100 W,料液比1∶30,在此最佳工艺条件下,沙棘多糖得率最高为7.36％. 相似文献
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Biological Activity and Quantification of Suspected Allelochemicals from Alfalfa Plant Parts 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
Autotoxicity restricts reseeding of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) after alfalfa until autotoxic chemical(s) breaks down or is dispersed into external environments. A series of aqueous extracts from leaves, stems, roots and seeds of alfalfa ‘Vernal’ were bioassayed against alfalfa seedlings of the same cultivar to determine their autotoxicity. The highest inhibition was found in the extracts from the leaves. Extracts at 40 g dry tissue l?1 from alfalfa leaves were 15.4, 17.5 and 28.7 times more toxic to alfalfa root growth than were those from roots, stems and seeds, respectively. A high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with nine standard compounds showed that the concentrations and compositions of allelopathic compounds depended on the plant parts. In leaf extracts that showed the most inhibitory effect on root growth, the highest amounts of allelochemicals were detected. Among nine phenolic compounds assayed for their phytotoxicity on root growth of alfalfa, coumarin, trans‐cinnamic acid and o‐coumaric acid at 10?3 m were most inhibitory. The type and amount of causative allelochemicals found in alfalfa plant parts were highly correlated with the results of the bioassay, indicating that the autotoxic effects of alfalfa plant parts significantly differed. 相似文献
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C. J. Spurr D. A. Fulton P. H. Brown R. J. Clark 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2002,188(4):275-280
Development of onion (Allium cepa L., cv. ‘Early Cream Gold’) seed under cool climate conditions in Tasmania, Australia occurred over a longer duration than previously reported, but similar patterns of change in yield components were recorded. In contrast to previous studies, umbel moisture content declined from 85 to 67 % over 57 days while seed moisture content decreased from 85 to 31 %. Seed yield continued to increase over the duration of crop development, with increasing seed weight compensating for seed loss resulting from capsule dehiscence in the later stages of maturation. Germination percentage was high and did not vary significantly from 53 to 77 days after full bloom (DAF), but mean germination time declined and uniformity of germination increased significantly over the same time period. The percentage abnormal seedlings declined with later harvest date, resulting in highest seed quality at 77 DAF. The results of this study suggest that the decision to harvest cool climate onion seed crops before capsule dehiscence will result in a loss of potential seed yield and quality. 相似文献
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Jens Jensen 《Euphytica》1979,28(1):47-56
Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans. 相似文献
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G. H. Kroon 《Euphytica》1994,76(1-2):125-125
Summary
K x vadensis is a hybrid of K. blossfeldiana and K. marmorata obtained after doubling the number of chromosomes. 相似文献
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Hongyan WEI Jian ZHOU Jinguang LU Jingzheng SONG Qiongxi YU Zhihong JIANG 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):27-29
[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol... 相似文献
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Summary Avoidance of rust fungi that was based on poor appressorium induction was previously found in Hordeum chilense. In the present study 95 accessions of Triticeae were screened for avoidance of Puccinia hordei. The percentage of appressorium formation per germinated spore ranged from 6 to 90%. On none of the 41 accessions of Aegilops, Agropyron, Elymus, Secale, Thinopyrum or Triticum studied was the rate of appressorium formation lower than 25%. Lower rates of appressorium formation were, however, found on accessions of wild barley species Hordeum brachyantherum, H. marinum, H. parodii and H. secalinum. Its implications in cereal breeding are discussed. 相似文献
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Summary Reactions of 13 grasses to Meloidogyne naasi varied with species; ryegrasses, fescues and their hybrids were generally susceptible and cocksfoot and timothy resistant. Marked variation in host resistance levels occurred between genotypes within cultivars.Selection of single plants, followed by tests on replicate tillers, identified resistant and susceptible genotypes in both Italian and perennial ryegrass cultivars. Resistant plants had few nematode-induced galls and fewer females and eggs than susceptibles. There was more or less continuous variation, with many genotypes intermediate between extremes of resistance and susceptibility. Selected resistant and susceptible genotypes are of use in assessing variation in nematode populations and as controls for breeding and selection programmes. 相似文献
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W. Erskine M. Tufail A. Russell M. C. Tyagi M. M. Rahman M. C. Saxena 《Euphytica》1993,73(1-2):127-135
Lentil production is limited by lack of moisture and unfavorable temperatures throughout its distribution. Waterlogging and salinity are only locally important. Progress has been made in breeding for tolerance to drought through selection for an appropriate phenology and increased water use efficiency and in breeding for winter hardiness through selection for cold tolerance.The diseases rust, vascular wilt, and Ascochyta blight, caused by Uromyces viciae-fabae, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lentis, and Ascochyta fabae f. sp. lentis, respectively, are the key fungal pathogens of lentil. Cultivars with resistance to rust and Ascochyta blight have been released in several countries and resistant sources to vascular wilt are being exploited. Sources of resistance to several other fungal and viral diseases of regional importance are known. In contrast, although the pea leaf weevil (Sitona spp.) and the parasitic weed broomrape (Orobanche spp.), and to a lesser extent the cyst nematode (Heterodera ciceri), are significant yield reducers of lentil, no sources of resistance to these biotic stresses have been found. Directions for future research in lentil on both biotic and abiotic stresses are discussed. 相似文献
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Mohammed Riyazaddin Polavarapu B. Kavi Kishor Are Ashok Kumar Belum V. S. Reddy Rajendra S. Munghate Hari C. Sharma 《Plant Breeding》2015,134(4):423-436
Sorghum shoot fly, Atherigona soccata, is one of the important pests of postrainy season sorghums. Of the 90 sorghum genotypes evaluated for resistance to this pest, RHRB 12, ICSV 713, 25026, 93046 and 25027, IS 33844‐5, Giddi Maldandi and RVRT 3 exhibited resistance in postrainy season, while ICSB 463, Phule Anuradha, RHRB 19, Parbhani Moti, ICSV 705, PS 35805, IS 5480, 5622, 17726, 18368 and 34722, RVRT 1, ICSR 93031 and Dagidi Solapur showed resistance in rainy season, suggesting season‐specific expression of resistance to A. soccata. ICSB 461, ICSB 463, Phule Yasodha, M 35‐1, ICSV 700, 711, 25010, 25019 and 93089, IS 18662, Phule Vasudha, IS 18551 and 33844‐5 and Barsizoot had fewer deadhearts than plants with eggs across seasons, suggesting antibiosis as one of the resistance mechanism. Five genotypes exhibited resistance with high grain yield across seasons. Correlation, path and stepwise regression analyses indicated that leaf glossiness, seedling vigour, trichome density, oviposition and leaf sheath pigmentation were associated with the expression of resistance/susceptibility to shoot fly, and these can be used as marker traits to select and develop shoot fly‐resistant sorghums. 相似文献
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Herbage yield trials are necessary to test if candidate varieties are well suited for organic conditions. In order to elucidate
a particular suitability for organic conditions, we run such trials in parallel under both organic and conventional conditions.
Here, we report on second and third year results of the sowings 2004 and 2005. These trials are part of a targeted breeding
programme for organic conditions. Irregular colonisation of pure grass plots with adventitious plants, in particular white
clover, was recognized as a major constraint to the quality of the results obtained under organic conditions. The coefficients
of variance in dry matter yield almost doubled when compared to conventional trials, and significant differences in annual
yield among varieties were rare. However, when herbage yield was corrected for the estimated fraction of adventitious plant
colonization at each cut, the number of instances with statistically significant differences for annual yield among varieties
increased more than fourfold. Dry matter yields under organic and conventional conditions were significantly and positively
correlated. However, analysis of variance showed a significant culture type by variety interaction for annual dry matter yield
in 12 out of 24 trials. When diploid and tetraploid varieties of the same Lolium species were tested in one common trial, only tetraploid varieties were identified as being particularly well suited for organic
conditions, while in these trials, the great majority of apparently poorly suited varieties were diploid. This suggests that
breeding tetraploid Lolium varieties is promising when aiming at a favourable response to organic agriculture. 相似文献