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研究了改变转移因子冻融提取法中的冻融次数、透析时间及匀浆介质等因素对转移因子收率的影响。通过对转移因子的有效成分多肽和核糖核酸的提取浓度的测定,发现用去离子水做匀浆介质所提取的多肽和核糖核酸效果较好,反复冻融6次转移因子收率最好,在一定范围内,随着冻融次数的增加,透析液中的多肽和核糖核酸浓度逐渐增加,透析24h多肽浓度趋于稳定,透析12h核酸浓度达到高峰。 相似文献
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以猪肾细胞(PK-15)为材料,比较真核细胞膜蛋白提取试剂盒、超声破碎法、反复冻融法、低渗裂解法4种不同方法对PK-15细胞膜蛋白提取的影响,结果表明,通过超声破碎的膜制备方法提取的PK-15细胞膜蛋白较理想。用此方法提取PK-15细胞膜蛋白,经SDS-PAGE后转印NC膜,利用病毒铺覆蛋白印迹技术(VOPBA)鉴定CSFV病毒的细胞受体。结果发现,PK-15细胞膜上有3种能与CSFV结合的蛋白质,分子量在90～100 ku之间,暗示这些蛋白可能是CSFV受体或者受体复合物。 相似文献
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采用反复冻融法、玻璃珠法和超声波+反复珠磨的方法提取犊牛盲肠的微生物总DNA,并对以上三种方法进行比较,从中确定最佳的方法,以实现普通实验条件下成功提取符合PCR扩增要求的DNA.经紫外分光光度分析表明,超声波+反复珠磨的方法所得的DNA的A<,260>/A<,280>的比值为1.81,0.8%琼脂糖凝胶电泳结果显示,所提DNA片段分子量大于20 kb,适于酶解和PCR扩增要求.以提取的DNA样品为模板,利用细菌通用引物,对其16S rDNA进行PCR扩增,获得了1.7 kb大小特异性很好的预期条带.这是研究犊牛盲肠微生物的关键一步. 相似文献
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为了建立桑树根围土壤微生物群落结构的分子生态学试验技术体系,采取不同的细胞裂解方法及DNA沉淀方法直接提取桑树根围土壤微生物总DNA,并以采用试剂盒提取的桑树根围土壤微生物总DNA为参照,筛选出一种能有效提取高纯度、多样性土壤微生物总DNA的方法:以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)、溶菌酶、蛋白酶K、十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS)为裂解液,经反复冻融裂解细胞,在DNA提取液中添加聚乙烯吡咯烷酮K30(PVP K30)、牛血清蛋白(BSA)、CaCl2去除腐殖酸,并结合聚乙二醇8000(PEG8000)沉淀和纯化DNA。该方法简便、快速,获得的桑树根围土壤微生物基因组DNA分子长度在23 kb以上,土壤鲜样的微生物DNA产率为11.2μg/g,且纯度较高,D(260 nm)/D(230 nm)=1.42,D(260 nm)/D(280 nm)=1.37,可直接用于PCR扩增及变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)分析。 相似文献
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为了探究来源于枯草芽孢杆菌细胞壁的肽聚糖对绵羊瘤胃上皮细胞(ORECs)中β-防御素-1(SBD-1)表达的影响，本试验使用30μg/mL肽聚糖刺激ORECs不同时间(2、4、6、8、10和12 h),采用荧光定量PCR(qPCR)和酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)方法分别检测SBD-1的mRNA和蛋白表达量，确定最佳刺激时间；再使用不同浓度的肽聚糖(0、10、20、30、40和50μg/mL)刺激ORECs 2 h,采用qPCR和ELISA方法检测SBD-1的mRNA和蛋白表达量，确定最佳刺激浓度。结果显示：(1)使用30μg/mL肽聚糖刺激ORECs不同时间时，SBD-1的mRNA和蛋白表达量随着时间的增加呈先下降后升高的趋势，2 h时表达量最多并极显著高于对照组(P<0.001)。(2)使用不同浓度肽聚糖刺激ORECs 2 h时，SBD-1的mRNA和蛋白表达量随着肽聚糖浓度的升高呈现先升高后降低的趋势，在20μg/mL时表达量最多并极显著高于对照组(P<0.001)。(3)不同时间刺激试验和不同浓度刺激试验均不会对ORECs产生细胞毒性作用。结果表明，来源于枯草芽孢杆... 相似文献
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为提高植物乳杆菌的抑菌能力,本试验先通过酯化反应合成了丙基菊粉（PI）,丙基菊粉通过透析以自组装的形式合成了丙基菊粉纳米粒子（IPrN）。采用600 MHz1H-核磁共振（NMR）光谱检验丙基在菊粉的取代率,利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）及动态光散射（DLS）观察纳米粒子的特征。用4’,6-二脒基-2-苯基吲哚（DAPI）和异硫氰酸荧光素（FITC）对植物乳杆菌和IPrN进行染色,在共聚焦激光扫描显微镜（CLSM）下观察到植物乳杆菌对IPrN的内化结果。通过共培养法中病原体的活细胞数和琼脂扩散试验的抑菌圈大小测定IPrN内化后的植物乳杆菌对大肠杆菌K88和鸡沙门氏菌的抑菌能力。测定菊粉或IPrN处理后植物乳杆菌的生长曲线和pH的变化,在培养基中加入蛋白酶K后进行抑菌圈试验测定植物乳杆菌是否以分泌细菌素发挥其抑菌能力,最后通过荧光定量PCR技术来评估编辑细菌素的基因planS的基因表达水平。结果显示：丙基在菊粉的取代率为76.88 mol%,可观察到IPrN为球形粒子,直径为366.6 nm;通过Z-截面模式可观察到FITC的荧光在植物乳杆菌的中心处最强,表明IPrN已被内化;IPrN的内... 相似文献
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本研究旨在构建乳酸菌表达载体以研制A亚群禽白血病病毒（Avian leukosis virus subgroup A,ALV-A）的活菌疫苗,用于预防禽白血病。使用锚定表达载体构建2株分别表达gp85和gp85-DCpep基因的重组植物乳杆菌,以感染ALV-A的DF-1细胞的基因组DNA为模板,使用PCR方法扩增ALV-A Gp85蛋白的编码基因gp85,将树突状细胞靶向肽（DC-targeting peptide,DCpep）编码基因与gp85基因进行融合,获得gp85-DCpep基因;使用乳酸菌锚定表达载体pSIP409-pgsA’通过同源重组的方法构建重组质粒pSIP409-pgsA’-gp85-DCpep和pSIP409-pgsA’-gp85;经测序正确后将上述质粒分别电转化植物乳杆菌NC8感受态细胞,获得重组植物乳杆菌;使用SppIP诱导重组植物乳杆菌的表达,收集处于对数生长期的菌体,通过反复冻融获取细胞膜的蛋白样,采用Western blotting技术检测pgsA’-gp85-DCpep和pgsA’-gp85蛋白的表达情况。结果显示,试验成功获得基因片段gp85和gp85-DCpep,构建的重组质粒pSIP409-pgsA’-gp85-DCpep和pSIP409-pgsA’-gp85测序无突变和丢失情况,并成功电转到植物乳杆菌NC8感受态细胞中,使用SDS-PAGE和Western blotting技术在细胞膜蛋白样中检测到蛋白的表达,大小分别为48.3（pgsA’-gp85-DCpep）和47 ku （pgsA’-gp85）。本试验成功构建了重组质粒pSIP409-pgsA’-gp85-DCpep和pSIP409-pgsA’-gp85,获得的重组植物乳杆菌NC8-pSIP409-pgsA’-gp85-DCpep和NC8-pSIP409-pgsA’-gp85中的蛋白均成功表达,且具有反应原性,为后期深入研究重组植物乳杆菌在抗ALV-A感染中的保护机制奠定良好的基础。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献
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乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制. 相似文献
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Billinghurst RC Brama PA van Weeren PR Knowlton MS McIlwraith CW 《American journal of veterinary research》2004,65(2):143-150
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis. 相似文献