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1.
猪獾消化器官的解剖特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
对体重为 2 0 0 0g野生成年猪獾的消化器官进行了解剖观察 :猪獾的舌上分布有丝状、轮廓菌状、叶状乳头 ;齿式为 2 (3131 3132 ) ;单胃 ,弯月亮形 ,重 15 1g ,长 12 5cm ;小肠长度为 5 6 7 5cm ,为体长 (4 2cm)的13 5倍 ;大肠长度为 2 0 3 5cm ,为体长的 4 8倍 ;小肠与大肠总长度为 771 0cm ,为体长的 18 3倍 ;肝分 6叶 ,重6 1 8g ,为体重的 0 0 3倍 ;胰长 15 5cm ,重 7 2g ,为体重的 0 0 0 0 4倍。  相似文献   

2.
为探究高原鼠兔(Ochotona curzoniae)与高原鼢鼠(Eospalax baileyi)胃肠道形态在高原恶劣环境中对食物资源和能量需求的适应对策,将捕获于青藏高原高寒草甸的高原鼠兔(8 ♀,7 ♂)和高原鼢鼠(9♀,6 ♂)解剖后,测定其胃肠道形态指标,采用独立样本t检验和协方差分析进行对比。结果显示,两种动物胃肠道形态在种内性别间差异表现为雄性高原鼠兔小肠长度、盲肠鲜重显著大于雌性(P＜0.05),雄性高原鼢鼠小肠和盲肠长度、大肠鲜重及胃和大肠净鲜重显著高于雌性(P＜0.05)。在种间水平上,高原鼠兔小肠和盲肠长度、盲肠净鲜重显著大于高原鼢鼠(P＜0.05),而其胃和大肠长度、大肠鲜重显著小于高原鼢鼠(P＜0.05)。研究表明,高原鼠兔和高原鼢鼠的前肠和后肠因其种间能量需求和食性的不同存在代偿性差异;同一物种雌、雄个体均通过改变小肠长度来适应性别间差异化的能量需求。  相似文献   

3.
对一例漠猫消化系统进行了大体解剖学观察描述。漠猫硬腭有６条腭褶,舌上有丝状、菌状和轮廓乳头３种,齿式为２（３１３１／３１２１）;胃呈“Ｕ”形,容积２４ｍｌ;小肠长度为体长的１．８１倍,大肠长度为体长的０．４１倍,小肠和大肠总长度为体长的２．２１倍;大肠和平均直径为小肠的１．８倍;盲肠极短,仅为体长的０．０５倍。漠猫有腮腺、颌下腺、舌下腺、臼齿腺和眶下腺５对唾液腺;肝脏分叶明显,分为左中叶、左侧叶、  相似文献   

4.
为了解棕背(Clethrionomys rufocanus)与大林姬鼠(Apodemus peninsula)消化系统之间的差异,试验对实体鼠进行解剖,并对消化系统各部分进行测量和比较。结果表明:棕背食管平均长度为体长的0.26倍,胃(含内容物)的平均重量为2.90 g,小肠平均长度为体长的3.80倍,大肠平均长度为体长的1.40倍,盲肠平均长度为体长的0.50倍;大林姬鼠食管平均长度为体长的0.18倍,胃(含内容物)的平均重量为2.60 g,小肠平均长度为体长的2.90倍,大肠平均长度为体长的1.00倍,盲肠平均长度为体长的0.30倍。表明棕背的消化系统比大林姬鼠的发达。  相似文献   

5.
为掌握高山鼠兔消化系统的生理生化特征,试验采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶垂直板电泳方法,对高山鼠兔消化系统中(食道、胃、小肠、大肠、盲肠、肝脏、胰脏)酯酶(EST)同工酶、淀粉酶(AMY)同工酶、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)同工酶进行分离、分析。结果表明:高山鼠兔7种组织中共分离EST1~EST32、电泳迁移率为0.733~0.073的32条谱带,活性顺序为肝脏胰脏食道小肠盲肠大肠胃;共分离AMY1~AMY19、电泳迁移率为0.576~0.022的19条谱带,活性顺序为大肠胰脏小肠盲肠食道胃肝脏;共分离出LDH1~LDH_(3X)、LDH_3~LDH_5,电泳迁移率为0.361~0.116的6条谱带,活性顺序为肝脏﹥胰脏﹥食道﹥小肠﹥胃﹥盲肠﹥大肠。7种组织中EST同工酶、AMY同工酶、LDH同工酶的表达强度、谱带分布有所不同,存在明显的组织特异性。  相似文献   

6.
几种动物凝血时间的测定   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
用玻片法和试管法测定了小鼠、兔、鸡、绵羊、牛、猪 6种动物的凝血时间。玻片法测定的凝血时间 ,小鼠为6.3 4± 1.5 3min ,兔为 1 90± 1.15min ,鸡为 3 95± 2 68min ,牛为 2 99± 2 63min ;试管法测定的凝血时间 ,兔为 2 96±0 86min ,鸡为 5 95± 4 5 4min ,绵羊为 5 0 6± 1 5 7min ,牛为 5 84± 0 94min ,猪为 1 97± 0 .71min。结果在性别间没有显著差异 ,而兔、鸡、牛试管法测定的结果显著长于玻片法  相似文献   

7.
对２例兔狲消化系统解剖发现，兔狲齿式为２（３１２１／３１２１）＝２８；舌乳头有３种：丝状乳头、菌状乳头和轮廓乳头；胃呈“Ｕ”形，胃的容量为２５ｍｌ（♀）和３０ｍｌ（♂）；肠表面光滑，大小肠长度为体长的２．７７（♀）和２．９０（♂）倍；大肠平均直径为小肠平均直径的１．８９（♀）和２．１２（♂）倍；大小肠长度之比为１：４．１４（♀）和１：４．０４（♂）。  相似文献   

8.
母猪FSHβ基因多态与乳头数的关系研究   总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6  
用PCR SSCP法对 152头姜曲海母猪的FSHβ基因进行了分型 ,分析了NN、Nn和nn 3种不同基因型母猪的乳头数差异。结果表明 ,NN、Nn和nn基因型母猪的左乳头数分别为 8 733± 0 743 ,9 182± 0 72 4和 9 2 0 0± 0 756 ,右乳头数分别为 9 0 33± 0 850 ,9 2 0 0± 0 931和 9 30 0± 0 971,总乳头数分别为 17 766± 1 0 82 ,18 382± 1 0 98和 18 50 0± 1 177,Nn基因型母猪中左右乳头数不对称个体比例明显高于另外 2种基因型的比例。另外 ,对于以上 3性状 ,n基因的加性替代效应值分别为 0 2 4 8(P <0 0 5) ,0 183 (P <0 0 1)和 0 4 16 (P <0 0 5) ,左乳头数和总乳头数的显性效应值分别为 0 2 16(P <0 0 1)和 0 2 4 8(P <0 0 1)。结果说明FSHβ基因对乳头数的影响符合加性 显性遗传模式  相似文献   

9.
高原鼠兔繁殖及种群年龄结构的初步研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
为指导草地鼠害防治 ,我们对甘孜州草地主要害鼠———高原鼠兔的繁殖及种群更替特性进行了研究。结果表明高原鼠兔为季节繁殖的动物 ,其繁殖期为 4月下旬至 7月中旬 ,约 90天 ;雄雌比为 1 :1 31 ,S R为 44 3± 7 2 ,繁殖期中平均繁殖指数为 1 35 ;雌鼠年平均繁殖 2 4胎 ,胎仔数为 1— 6只 /胎 ,平均为2 93只 /胎。鼠兔种群数量呈季节变化  相似文献   

10.
甘露寡糖和粪链球菌对鸡细胞免疫和肠道微生态的调节作用   总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18  
报道了日粮中添加甘露寡糖 ( MOS)、粪链球菌 ( SF- 6 8)对鸡细胞免疫和肠道微生态的调节作用 ,以及对血液 SOD和 GSH- Px活力的影响。6 0只 1日龄海兰褐色蛋鸡雄性雏鸡随机分成 4组 :试验 组 (每千克日粮中添加 2 g MOS)、试验 组 (每千克日粮中添加 6 0 mg SF- 6 8)、试验 组 (每千克日粮中添加 2 g MOS和6 0 mg SF- 6 8)和对照组。试验期 4 2 d。结果如下 :( 1) PHA淋巴细胞转化率 ( %) ,试验 组 ( 47.1± 3.0 71)、试验 组 ( 46 .7± 1.76 7)、试验 组 ( 48.3± 2 .312 )都极显著高于对照组 ( 43.8± 1.814 ) ( P <0 .0 1) ;( 2 )白细胞的吞噬率 ( %) ,试验 组 ( 2 5.3± 1.94 7)、试验 组 ( 2 5.3± 2 .54 1)都显著高于对照组 ( 2 3.6± 1.6 47) ,试验 组 ( 2 7.2± 1.889)极显著高于对照组 ( P <0 .0 1) ,同时显著高于试验 、 组 ( P <0 .0 5) ;( 3)盲肠和回肠内容物的 p H值 ,试验 组 ( 6 .2 53± 0 .2 94 ,5.2 58± 0 .4 53)、试验 组 ( 6 .0 2 1± 0 .4 18,5.132± 0 .37)、试验 组 ( 6 .12 4± 0 .2 4 1,5.0 11± 0 .111)都极显著低于对照组 ( 6 .6 6 7± 0 .2 12 ,6 .0 8± 0 .4 12 ) ( P <0 .0 1) ;( 4)每克盲肠内容物大肠杆菌数 (亿 ) ,试验 组 ( 9.16 4± 0 .16 7)显著低于对  相似文献   

11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。  相似文献   

12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.  相似文献   

13.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

14.
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.  相似文献   

15.
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.  相似文献   

16.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

17.
The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma.  相似文献   

18.
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.  相似文献   

19.
The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.  相似文献   

20.
Infectious diseases have always been a terrible scourge for humans. The appearance of these plagues, as they were called without distinction, was generally connected to various conditions: asters, climatic changes or religious reasons. The concept of contagious, and then infectious, diseases came slowly. Variolation, i.e. transmission of ‘virulent’ matter to induce a natural disease and the immunity against it, was brought from Constantinople to England by Lady Montague, in 1721. This ‘variolation’ technique was also often performed in veterinary medicine against diseases like sheep-pox or pleuropneumonia. As ‘vaccination’ is the term generally accepted for ‘immunisation’, variolation can be the word designating such a technique. The second period of the history of immunisation began, in 1880, with the studies of Pasteur and his collaborators. A great number of bacterial vaccines were developed: dead, live but attenuated or only parts of pathogens. The viruses were produced in animals, then in eggs and at last, in tissue cultures. Second generation vaccines appeared with genetic engineering: recombinant vaccines, vector vaccines, nucleic acids vaccines, and markers vaccines, among others. These novel technologies can permit the development of new ones and improve the quality of the vaccines already existing.  相似文献   

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