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1.
Detection of florfenicol resistance genes in Riemerella anatipestifer isolated from ducks and geese 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The cat gene, coding for chloramphenicol acetyltransferase has been reported for conferring the chloramphenicol resistance for Riemerella anatipestifer. Chloramphenicol acetyltransferases, however, are unable to inactivate florfenicol. In this study, 66 R. anatipestifer isolates were investigated for their susceptibility to chloramphenicol and florfenicol and the presence of floR gene. Results showed nine florfenicol intermediate or resistant R. anatipestifer isolates were all floR positive. The expression of floR gene in E. coli and inhibition studies with PAβN indicated that the floR gene was as an efflux pump conferring resistance to both chloramphenicol and florfenicol. Southern hybridization revealed the floR was located in the plasmid DNA of five isolates and in the chromosomal DNA of four isolates. Furthermore, two novel floR-carrying plasmids designated pRA0726 and pRA0846 were sequenced completely. pRA0726 was 11,704 bp in size with 10 putative open reading frames which included the floR, catB and bla(OXA-209) resistance genes. The most differences between sequences of pRA0846 and pRA0726 were the absence of a bla(OXA-209) gene and the deletion of 321 nucleotides of orf1 in pRA0846. Plasmid curing tests demonstrated that pRA0726 carried functional coding proteins for resistance to phenicol and β-lactam antimicrobials. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of presence of the floR and bla(OXA-209) resistance genes in R. anatipestifer. 相似文献
2.
floR是氟苯尼考特异性耐药基因之一,当前宠物犬源大肠杆菌氟苯尼考耐药基因floR的研究报道很少,故本试验利用PCR方法对宠物犬源大肠杆菌氟苯尼考耐药基因floR进行检测,并采用微量肉汤稀释法测定宠物犬源大肠杆菌对10种抗菌药物的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)。结果显示,20株宠物犬源大肠杆菌中floR耐药基因的阳性菌株数为9株,阳性检出率为45%;对氟苯尼考的耐药率为65%,并呈现3~7重的多重耐药性。结果表明,随着氟苯尼考在兽医临床的广泛应用,其耐药率越来越高,需不断加强对氟苯尼考等抗菌药物的耐药性监控。 相似文献
3.
为阐明淡水鱼的主要致病菌嗜水气单胞菌对氟苯尼考的耐药现状,本试验采用纸片扩散法和浓度稀释法分别定性、定量检测了2010年9月至2013年5月期间收集的26株鱼源嗜水气单胞菌对氟苯尼考的耐药性,利用PCR法检测菌株携带氟苯尼考耐药基因的情况。结果显示,北京地区的鱼源嗜水气单胞菌对氟苯尼考的耐药率为15.38%,氟苯尼考对其最小抑菌浓度（MIC）主要集中在2～4 μg/mL,5株菌对氟苯尼考的MIC超过8 μg/mL,1株分离菌具有氟苯尼考耐药基因floR。结合以往数据及其他省市的相关数据,结果表明鱼源嗜水气单胞菌对氟苯尼考已呈较高的耐药率和耐药浓度,且位于质粒上的floR基因阳性菌株有传递该基因给其他种属鱼类致病菌的风险。因此,有必要科学规范氟苯尼考在水产养殖中的应用。 相似文献
4.
本试验旨在对临床分离的猪源大肠埃希氏菌耐药基因进行初步定位。采用常规细菌分离培养、16S rRNA PCR扩增和序列测定方法从江西省3个规模化猪场送检的子宫脓液中分离鉴定病原菌,并通过质粒提取、转化大肠埃希氏菌DH5α感受态细胞及药敏试验对临床分离株的耐药基因进行初步定位。结果显示,分离鉴定到3株大肠埃希氏菌,其中JX-22分离株仅对氧氟沙星、大观霉素敏感,JX-26分离株仅对链霉素、氧氟沙星等4种药物敏感,JX-28分离株仅对氧氟沙星等3种药物敏感,均为多重耐药菌;3株大肠埃希氏菌均可纯化到分子质量大小不一的质粒。分离株、质粒转化菌及大肠埃希氏菌DH5α感受态细胞药敏试验对比结果显示,3株大肠埃希氏菌的耐链霉素、林可霉素、甲硝唑、氨苄西林、阿莫西林、大观霉素、丁胺卡那基因,JX-22和JX-26分离株的耐多西环素、氟苯尼考和复方新诺明基因,JX-22分离株的耐头孢曲松基因,JX-28分离株的耐头孢曲松、头孢噻肟、诺氟沙星基因均定位于细菌质粒上;JX-28分离株的耐多西环素、氟苯尼考和复方新诺明基因,JX-22分离株的耐诺氟沙星基因和JX-26分离株的耐头孢曲松、头孢噻肟基因均定位于其染色体上;3株分离株均无氧氟沙星耐药基因。本试验初步确定3株多重耐药猪源大肠埃希氏菌的大部分耐药基因定位于质粒上,为进一步研究猪源大肠埃希氏菌的耐药机理和有效控制措施奠定基础。 相似文献
5.
为了建立猪源大肠杆菌对氟苯尼考、β-内酰胺类与粘杆菌素耐药基因的多重PCR检测方法,本研究以氟苯尼考耐药基因floR、β-内酰胺耐药基因CTX-M、粘杆菌素耐药基因mcr-1作为目的基因,设计3对特异性引物,通过对多重PCR反应体系及条件的优化,成功建立了多重PCR检测方法。该方法的灵敏度为1.46×10^5CFU/m L,具有高度特异性、敏感性和可重复性。本方法的建立为大肠杆菌中常见耐药基因的快速检测及分子流行病学调查提供了新的手段。 相似文献
6.
为初步研究猪源大肠杆菌O157:H7 (E.coli O157:H7)对氟苯尼考耐药性的产生和消除机制,本研究采用亚抑菌浓度体外耐药诱导的方法将两株猪源大肠杆菌O157:H7诱导成氟苯尼考高度耐药菌株,采用无氟苯尼考压力下连续传代培养的方法将获得的氟苯尼考耐药菌株的氟苯尼考耐药性消除,检测耐药诱导菌和耐药消除菌对抗菌药物的敏感性,并检测菌株质粒携带的耐药基因。结果显示,经氟苯尼考耐药诱导,猪源大肠杆菌O157:H7对氟苯尼考、阿莫西林、头孢唑啉、头孢拉定和头孢噻吩由敏感变为耐药,对头孢噻肟的敏感性由敏感变为中介,对氧氟沙星、环丙沙星和阿奇霉素由中介变为耐药;而经耐药消除后,菌株恢复对上述药物的敏感性;在菌株的质粒中检测到氟苯尼考耐药基因、喹诺酮类耐药基因和β-内酰胺酶基因,与耐药表型相符。结果表明,在氟苯尼考压力的长期存在下,猪源大肠杆菌O157:H7对氟苯尼考产生耐药,且对青霉素类、头孢类和喹诺酮类药物产生交叉耐药,在去除氟苯尼考压力下连续培养,可消除菌株的部分耐药性。 相似文献
7.
Limited data regarding the susceptibility of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae to antimicrobials has been published during recent years. Accordingly, the aim of the present study was to investigate the distribution of MICs for the isolates of A. pleuropneumoniae from diseased pigs in the Czech Republic between 2007 and 2009. A total of 242 isolates were tested for susceptibility to 16 antimicrobial agents by a broth microdilution method. A low degree of resistance was observed for florfenicol (0.8%), amoxicillin and clavulanic acid (0.8%), tilmicosin (1.2%), tiamulin (1.7%) and ampicillin (3.3%), whereas resistance to tetracycline was detected more frequently, 23.9% of isolates. Interestingly, resistance to florfenicol has not yet been reported in any study investigating antimicrobial resistance of A. pleuropneumoniae. By PCR the presence of the floR gene was confirmed in all florfenicol resistant isolates. 相似文献
8.
本研究旨在调查猪场中肠球菌对氟苯尼考的耐药性,检测氟苯尼考耐药基因,并测定肠球菌中氟苯尼考耐药基因fexA的基因环境,从而分析其可能的传播机理。以四川某猪场分离鉴定的50株肠球菌为研究材料,开展分离株对氟苯尼考的药物敏感性试验。运用PCR技术检测分离株中氟苯尼考耐药基因cfr、fexB、fexA、floR和estDL136。运用热不对称性PCR（TAIL-PCR）技术获得fexA基因周围序列信息,分析其基因环境。运用反向PCR技术验证序列中环化结构的存在,同时运用交叉PCR技术检测20株猪源肠球菌fexA基因的基因环境。结果显示,在分离出的50株肠球菌中,有34株对氟苯尼考耐药（MIC ≥ 16 mg/L）,耐药率为68%。PCR结果显示,20株含有fexA基因,28株含有fexB基因,14株同时含有这两种基因。TAIL-PCR和测序结果显示,分离株DKC5中fexA基因存在于12 945 bp的Tn554转座子中。Tn554转座子可形成环化结构,其中的重复序列可形成含有2 395 bp的环化结构。本试验结果表明,猪源肠球菌对氟苯尼考耐药率较高,主要由fexA和fexB基因介导,fexA基因存在于Tn554结构中。预测fexA基因是经两次插入整合后进入DKC5分离株基因组序列的,这为fexA基因的水平传播提供了遗传依据。 相似文献
9.
Resistance to trimethoprim and 2,4-diamino-6,7-diisopropyl-pteridine (0/129) in Pasteurella haemolytica 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Thirteen strains of Pasteurella haemolytica resistant to moderate levels of trimethoprim (MICs from 8 to 64 micrograms/ml) and 0/129 (MICs from 16 to 64 micrograms/ml) were isolated from bovine specimens. Two strains, CNP330 and CNP334, were studied and found to harbour various plasmids but all attempts to cure trimethoprim resistance were unsuccessful. Resistance characters were not transferable to Escherichia coli or to Pasteurella multocida by conjugation and to E. coli by transformation. The resistance gene(s) was therefore tentatively assigned to a chromosomal location and cloned into E. coli where it conferred trimethoprim resistance. Trans-complementation analysis of a dihydrofolate reductase-deficient mutant of E. coli showed that trimethoprim resistance was secondary to synthesis of a dihydrofolate reductase. DNA/DNA hybridization of the hybrid plasmid and of strains CNP330 and CNP334 with probes specific for dihydrofolate reductase types I to V were negative, indicating that cross-resistance to trimethoprim and 0/129 in P. haemolytica was due to the acquisition by P. haemolytica of a new resistance determinant. 相似文献
10.
A recombinant plasmid that codes for a novel iron receptor protein (Irp) of Mannheimia (Pasteurella) haemolytica A1 was isolated by the partial complementation of an Escherichia coli fur mutant. The deduced amino acid sequence of Irp exhibited characteristics typical of TonB-dependent receptors. These include: a TonB-box at the N-terminal; a 50 amino acid region homologous to the "plug" domain of the E. coli FhuA and FepA receptors; and a C-terminal TonB-dependent signature which likely functions as an outer membrane anchoring domain. Previously uncharacterized Irp homologues were detected by BLAST analysis of available databases and incomplete microbial genomes. When the irp homologues from Neisseria gonorrhoeae and N. meningitidis were cloned by PCR and expressed in E. coli, novel proteins of the predicted size (84kDa) were detected in cell lysates, demonstrating that these are functional genes. The M. haemolytica A1 irp gene undergoes phase variation at a nucleotide region which contain the sequence AAAAAAATTAAAA (7A-2T-4A) flanked by a short inverted repeat. Site-specific mutagenesis of the 7A-2T-4A sequence as well as replacement of the inverted repeats resulted in a stable construct that expressed the Irp protein without phase variation. The expression of irp in M. haemolytica A1 was regulated by iron concentrations and most likely a Fur homologue, consistent with the proposed function of Irp in iron metabolism. The irp genes may represent contingency loci that play a role in iron acquisition during infection. 相似文献
11.
The outer membrane protein (OMP), plasmid, and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Pasteurella haemolytica serotypes 1 through 12, a bovine isolate of P multocida, a chicken isolate of P multocida, and an unidentified Pasteurella species of bovine origin were examined. Isolates of P haemolytica serotypes belonging to the same biotype possessed similar OMP profiles. Biotype A isolates contained 2 prominent OMP of 43 kilodaltons (kD) and 29 kD, whereas biotype-T serotypes contained 3 major OMP of 43, 36, and 25 kD. The major OMP profiles of the 2 P multocida isolates and the unidentified Pasteurella species were different from each other and from P haemolytica isolates. Plasmid DNA screening indicated both plasmid-containing and plasmid-free P haemolytica and P multocida isolates. Multiple drug resistance was found in pasteurellae isolates with and without plasmids. However, a relationship between drug resistance and plasmid isolation was found in 3 of 4 haemolytica serotype 1 field isolates, all of which contained a 2.51-megadalton plasmid and had multiple drug resistance for benzylpenicillin, ampicillin, streptomycin, and tetracycline. 相似文献
12.
A significant obstacle to molecular studies of Mannheimia (Pasteurella) haemolytica, has been its resistance to genetic transformation. The lack of competence of many M. haemolytica strains has been attributed to the presence of restriction modification systems. In this study, representative strains of 12 M. haemolytica serotypes and four Pasteurella trehalosi serotypes were successfully transformed by electroporation using a recombinant vector derived from the native M. haemolytica A1 serotype plasmid pNSF2176. Transformation was achieved despite PCR-based evidence for the presence of genes encoding a type I restriction enzyme, phaI, and a type II restriction enzyme hsdM, in each of the M. haemolytica strains. 相似文献
13.
Evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of florfenicol against bacteria isolated from bovine and porcine respiratory disease 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Antimicrobial susceptibility of florfenicol (FFC) against 243 bacterial agents isolated in Korea from cattle and pigs with respiratory disease were investigated by agar diffusion and microdilution broth methods following the recommendations provided by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. All Actinobacillus pleuropnemoniae, Pasteurella multocida, Mannheimia haemolytica and 98.6% of the Bordetella bronchiseptica isolates were susceptible to FFC, which as significantly more effective than the other antibiotics used in this study. FFC also showed high in vitro antimicrobial activities (MIC(90) < or = 1 microg/ml) against all strains tested with a minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) determination ranging from 0.12 to 4 microg/ml. No resistant strains of A. pleuropneumoniae, P. multocida and M. haemolytica to FFC have apparently developed since the first introduction of this antibiotics for veterinary use in Korea. The results suggest that FFC is therapeutically valuable in the treatment of primary or complicating bacterial pathogens causing of the bovine and swine respiratory tract. 相似文献
14.
为调查鸭源致病性大肠杆菌氟苯尼考耐药基因floR的存在情况,利用PCR对20株临床分离的耐氟苯尼考的致病性大肠杆菌进行floR分子检测,分子检测结果显示,全部菌株floR基因阳性;对其中2株大肠杆菌的氟苯尼考耐药基因floR进行了克隆和测序,结果表明,鸭源大肠杆菌floR基因片段的克隆测序结果与预期所得片段结果相符,长度为753 bp,2株鸭源大肠杆菌floR基因的同源性为99.6%,与牛源、鸡源等floR基因的同源性为84.8%～99.9%。系统发育分析发现,2株鸭源大肠杆菌floR基因不在同一支上,亲缘关系较远,表明floR基因的亲缘关系与该基因的来源动物无关。 相似文献
15.
鸭源致病性大肠杆菌耐氟苯尼考floR基因的克隆与序列分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为调查鸭源致病性大肠杆菌氟苯尼考耐药基因floR的存在情况,利用PCR对20株临床分离的耐氟苯尼考的致病性大肠杆菌进行floR分子检测,分子检测结果显示,全部菌株floR基因阳性;对其中2株大肠杆菌的氟苯尼考耐药基因floR进行了克隆和测序,结果表明,鸭源大肠杆菌floR基因片段的克隆测序结果与预期所得片段结果相符,长度为753 bp,2株鸭源大肠杆菌floR基因的同源性为99.6%,与牛源、鸡源等floR基因的同源性为84.8%~99.9%。系统发育分析发现,2株鸭源大肠杆菌floR基因不在同一支上,亲缘关系较远,表明floR基因的亲缘关系与该基因的来源动物无关。 相似文献
16.
食品动物源产CTX-M-14大肠杆菌传播分子机制的演变 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
从保存的2002-2009年分离的食品动物源大肠杆菌中,挑选16株blaCTX-M-14阳性菌,用PCR方法检测超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBLs)编码基因、PMQR耐药基因及其他重要抗生素耐药基因(rmtB和floR);通过脉冲场凝胶电泳(PFGE)及种族进化关系分析16株细菌的亲缘关系;通过接合转移试验、复制子分型和blaCTX-M-14上下游插入元件的检测,分析产CTX-M-14大肠杆菌的传播分子机制。PCR检测结果表明,16株食品动物源产CTX-M-14大肠杆菌大多属于系统发育组A组,其次为B1和D组,没有B2组;PFGE分型结果表明,同一时间内不同动物间存在产CTX-M-14共生型大肠杆菌克隆的扩散传播,但养殖场内CTX-M-14主要是随质粒或其他元件进行水平传播;质粒复制子分型结果表明,携带blaCTX-M-14的质粒属于IncK(3/14)、 IncF(5/14)、 IncHI2(1/14)、IncFIB 和 IncF(1/14)、IncHI1和IncN(2/14)、 IncI1(2/14)等,且随着时间推移,复制子的种类呈增多趋势。2002-2007年的菌株blaCTX-M基因的上下游均检测到ISEcp1和IS903;但2009年菌株除了部分在上下游都可以检测到ISEcp1和IS903外,还有的只检测到上游的ISEcp1或下游的IS903;2002-2009年的菌均未检测到ISCR1。16株产CTX-M-14大肠杆菌除了携带其他ESBLs编码基因,如blaCTX-M79和blaTEM-135外,还携带其他重要抗生素耐药基因,如oqxA、floR、aac(6')-1b-cr及rmtB,而且2002-2009年大肠杆菌携带耐药基因的种类和数量逐年增多;接合转移试验发现,2002-2005年的菌株,blaCTX-M-14往往发生单独转移,而2009年分离菌blaCTX-M-14往往和floR或rmtB位于同一质粒上发生共同转移。这说明养殖场使用氨基糖苷类或氟苯尼考等任何一种抗生素,都可以筛选出产CTX-M-14大肠杆菌并促进其扩散,所以动物养殖过程中要慎用这些抗生素。 相似文献
17.
Pasteurella haemolytica biotype A serotype 1 is the principal etiologic agent of bovine pneumonic pasteurellosis. A clear understanding of the pathogenesis of this disease and the mechanisms of resistance to it has been limited by a lack of information on the important antigens of the organisms. Using recombinant DNA techniques we have cloned a segment of DNA from P. haemolytica A1 that encodes three proteins of 28, 30, and 32 kDa. Two of these proteins, 30 and 28 kDa, react strongly on a Western blot with a bovine serum raised against live cells of P. haemolytica A1. The gene for the 30 kDa protein was localized to a 3.1 kbp EcoRI fragment, and expression of the 30 kDa protein was found to be independent of an E. coli promoter. The 30 kDa protein comigrated with a 30 kDa P. haemolytica protein that was susceptible to radioiodination and presumably exposed on the bacterial cell surface. The other principal radiolabeled P. haemolytica proteins were 100, 45, and 15 kDa. Antibodies against the 30 kDa protein, isolated from E. coli carrying the recombinant plasmid, recognized 30 kDa and 15 kDa proteins in P. haemolytica serotypes 1-15 and caused agglutination of whole P. haemolytica A1 cells. Cattle vaccinated with live P. haemolytica, P. haemolytica outer membrane proteins, or the cloned 30 kDa protein developed antibodies to the cloned 30 kDa protein as detected by Western blotting and densitometry. Sera were obtained from cattle vaccinated with live or killed P. haemolytica or saline and challenged with P. haemolytica. Those sera were evaluated for antibody responses to the cloned 30 kDa protein. High antibody responses to the 30 kDa protein significantly correlated (P less than 0.01) with resistance to challenge. From these studies it is concluded that the 30 kDa protein represents a surface antigen of P. haemolytica A1 that may be important in inducing immunity to P. haemolytica. 相似文献
18.
The role of complement resistance in the virulence of an avian Escherichia coli isolate was examined with transposon mutagenesis. A suicide plasmid containing a kanamycin-encoding mini-transposon was used to transform a virulent complement-resistant avian E. coli isolate. A less resistant mutant was identified that contained a transposon insertion in a plasmid and in the chromosome. This loss of complement resistance was associated with a drop in virulence in an embryo assay. No other phenotypic changes were detected in the mutant. These results suggest that complement resistance is associated with the virulence of this organism. 相似文献
19.
Experimental infection of sheep with Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae and Pasteurella haemolytica 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A group of Caesarian-derived, colostrum-deprived lambs was inoculated intranasally and intratracheally with a virulent Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae isolate selected from ovine mammary studies and propagated in an ovine mammary gland. Other groups of lambs were inoculated with M. ovipneumoniae in combination with Pasteurella haemolytica type Al or P. haemolytica alone. The M. ovipneumoniae isolate alone did not induce any specific pneumonic lesions in the lambs and when combined with P. haemolytica type Al did not increase the severity of the P. haemolytica-type lesions. Fifty percent of lambs inoculated with P. haemolytica developed a purulent and exudative bronchopneumonia with pleurisy and high titres of P. haemolytica were recovered from these lesions. 相似文献
20.
为掌握河南省猪源大肠杆菌耐药基因floR、CTX-M、mcr-1的分布和流行情况，对2013-2018年从河南省内分离的856株大肠杆菌进行floR、CTX-M、mcr-1等三种耐药基因筛查检测，调查其分布特征，并对猪源大肠杆菌耐药基因在郑州、开封、焦作、许昌四个地区的分布和流行趋势进行了分析研究。结果显示，2013-2018年floR基因的检出率一直保持在较高水平，CTX-M基因的检出率持续增长，mcr-1基因的检出率在2014年达到最高，之后逐年下降，直到2018年未检出，并且不同地区耐药基因的流行趋势有一定差异。 相似文献