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不同粪菌悬液处理方式对猪粪菌移植过程中细菌活性及活菌组成的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
旨在探究不同粪菌液处理方法对其菌群活性及存活菌群物种组成的影响,为猪粪菌移植（FMT）的优化应用提供参考。本研究共设置7个试验组制备粪菌液：静置制备新鲜粪菌液组（FS）、静置制备粪菌液于-80℃冷冻1周组（FFS）、离心制备新鲜粪菌液组（FC）、离心制备粪菌液于-80℃冷冻1周组（FFC）、液氮冷冻粪便24 h静置制备粪菌液组（NS）、甘油+液氮冷冻粪便24 h静置制备粪菌液组（GNS）和液氮冷冻粪便24 h静置制备粪菌液于-80℃冷冻1周组（NFS）,在37℃厌氧培养箱中平板培养48 h后,进行菌落计数。从FS、FFS、FC和FFC 4组中根据菌落形态随机挑取87个单菌落纯化后进行16S rRNA基因全长测序。结果表明,静置和离心两种方法制备新鲜粪菌液时,粪菌活性存在显著差异,离心组显著低于静置组（P<0.05）。但冷冻粪便使用静置和离心两种方法制备的菌悬液,其粪菌活性无显著差异（P>0.05）。无论是静置还是离心方法制备粪菌液,新鲜和冷冻两种不同处理方式下的粪菌活性均无显著差异（P>0.05）,且对活菌的组成也无显著影响。使用静置法制备粪菌液时,FS、NS、GNS和NFS组间粪菌活性无显著差异（P>0.05）。综上表明,静置方法制备粪菌液时,超低温冷冻保存对粪菌活性及其活菌组成均无显著影响,这为大样本、长距离猪粪菌移植技术的应用提供了重要试验参考。 相似文献
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本试验旨在比较肥胖型的金华猪和瘦肉型的长白猪肠道古菌结构的差异,分析菌群移植小鼠肠道古菌结构。采集金华猪和长白猪的新鲜粪便,通过灌胃移植到经广谱抗生素处理过的小鼠肠道中,提取2种猪粪便及其移植小鼠的盲肠内容物总基因组DNA,使用古菌通用引物对古菌16S rRNA的V4区进行PCR扩增,通过Illumina Hiseq测序平台对扩增产物进行高通量测序,使用QIIME等软件对测序序列进行分析统计。结果表明:金华猪和长白猪粪便及其移植小鼠盲肠内容物中的古菌主要包含3个门,分别为奇古菌门(Thaumarchaeota)、广古菌门(Euryarchaeota)和泉古菌门(Crenarchaeota),其中金华猪粪便中广古菌门的丰度高于长白猪;在属水平上主要包含4个已知属,优势属为餐古菌属(Cenarchaeum)。二者移植小鼠的盲肠内容物古菌结构,在门水平上,移植小鼠的奇古菌门比例占70%以上;奇古菌门的古菌几乎全部来源于餐古菌属;在门和属的水平上,金华猪和长白猪粪便移植小鼠的盲肠古菌结构无显著差异(P0.05),但基于操作分类单元(OTU)水平的主成分分析显示出很好的组内聚集。由此可见,奇古菌门的餐古菌属是金华猪和长白猪粪便和其移植小鼠盲肠中的优势古菌;金华猪粪便中广古菌门的丰度高于长白猪粪便,且二者移植小鼠盲肠内容物之间古菌结构在OTU水平上存在一定的差异。 相似文献
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田玉杨玲媛黄兴国尹杰 《动物营养学报》2023,(4):2072-2080
肠道菌群是动物肠道系统组成的重要部分，对动物肠道发育和免疫功能成熟起着重要的作用，而且肠道菌群失衡与多种肠道疾病有关。粪菌移植（FMT）是一种将健康供体粪便菌群移植到患病受体肠道内，通过改善肠道菌群治疗肠道疾病的方法，是改善肠道菌群最直接、快速、有效的方法之一。近期的研究表明，FMT对畜禽肠道健康和生长性能有积极作用，可调节肠道菌群、维护肠道机械屏障、改善肠道黏液环境、提高肠道免疫力，对于维护肠道健康有很好的效果。本文综述了FMT对猪肠道屏障的影响，探讨了FMT的安全性和注意事项，以期为FMT技术在猪生产上更加安全规范的应用提供参考。 相似文献
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《四川草原》2016,(2)
为了提高兔粪资源化利用效率,减少堆肥时间,提高有机肥生产效率和质量,为规模化兔场的兔粪处理提供技术储备,以兔粪、菌渣为原料进行高温堆肥。设置3个试验组和1个对照组,分别使用3种菌剂进行处理,研究了不同菌剂对兔粪菌渣高温堆肥过程中的物理、化学指标变化产生的影响。结果表明:试验组与对照组的堆体温度均达到正常发酵温度,且堆体温度高于50℃的天数大于14天。能够有效地杀死致病菌、蛔虫卵和杂草种子,达到了兔粪无害化处理的目的。堆肥结束后,有机质含量均高于45%,满足有机肥标准中对有机质的要求。但是C/N过高,腐熟程度不高,且总养分含量低于我国有机肥标准,需进行二次堆肥提高腐熟度,增加物料中总养分的质量分数。兔粪与菌渣混合堆肥,能降低物料中Cu、Zn的含量,且辅料添加量越大,Cu、Zn含量降低幅度越大。添加菌剂均能提高堆体高温期温度,延长高温期持续时间,提高堆肥质量,但不能缩短堆肥时间,所以在兔粪堆肥中添加菌剂意义不大。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献