共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 359 毫秒
1.
苜蓿菌核病生防菌及化学药剂的筛选 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
通过毒力测定法比较11种化学药剂对苜蓿菌核病的抑菌效果,其中45%五氯·福、50%速克灵和55%甲硫·菌核净可湿性粉剂3000倍液均能抑制病原菌生长。温室生测表明45%五氯·福防治苜蓿菌核病效果最好,500倍液防效达73.9%。从江苏省句容地区苜蓿根围土壤中分离到415株细菌,采用平皿对峙法从中筛选到3株对菌核病具有拮抗效果的生防菌,代号S1和S2的菌株抑菌效果最好,抑菌带超过1.5cm。温室生测菌株S2对苜蓿菌核病的生防效果最好,接种病原菌10d后防效达67.5%,15d后为61.7%。 相似文献
2.
摘要：本试验研究了温度、水分、pH值、光照、碳源、氮源以及无机盐对苜蓿假盘菌(Pseudopeziza medicaginis)宁夏菌株生物学特性的影响。结果表明,苜蓿假盘菌宁夏菌株在5～30 ℃、pH值4.0～10.0均可生长,最适温度为20～25 ℃,最适pH值为5.0～6.5,该菌随光照强度的增加生长受到抑制,能利用固体培养基上不同的碳源,对葡萄糖和麦芽糖的利用较好。除尿素抑制病菌的生长外,该菌能不同程度利用无机氮源和有机氮源,菌落直径和生长速率基本一致,差异不明显,但菌落数差别较大,无机氮源优于有机氮源。供试的4种盐溶液除KH2PO4没有菌生长外,其余3种生长量基本一致,但4种盐溶液下生长的菌落均不产生子囊盘。叶片表面的游离水及游离水保持的时间可影响孢子的萌发,且叶表游离水保持3 h以上,孢子才能萌发。 相似文献
3.
采集陕西省周至县桑园土壤中生长的疑似核盘菌子实体,通过组织分离法从子实体分离到一株真菌命名为Z02.菌落形态和分子生物学鉴定结果显示Z02为核盘菌(Sclerotinia sclerotiorum).对该菌进行生物学特性研究发现,在试验条件下该菌生长最适pH为3,最适温度为15℃,果糖和葡萄糖为利用效果较好的碳源,酵母粉为利用效果较好的氮源.使用菌丝生长速率法筛选对其具有抑制作用的植物提取物,结果显示八角茴香的60％醇提取液具有抑菌作用,当供试浓度为0.1 g/mL时,抑菌率为97.21％. 相似文献
4.
5.
甘肃苜蓿斑点病的初步研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
近年来甘肃省苜蓿(Medicago stativa L.)发生一种叶部病害—-斑点病,严重地降低了苜蓿的产量和饲用价值。为了有效地控制该病害对苜蓿的危害,在室内对其病原菌进行了形态学鉴定及生物学特性研究。结果表明:苜蓿斑点病的病原菌为链格孢菌(Alternaria alternata (Fr.:Fr) Keissler),该病原菌能很好地利用麦芽糖、蔗糖、甘氨酸;其生长最适温度为25℃,最适pH为6.0-7.0,最适宜的RH为98%以上,最适培养基为5%AL和PSA。在上述环境条件下,菌丝生长快,菌丝茂盛,产孢量大,孢子萌发率高。 相似文献
6.
苜蓿根腐病菌(Fusarium solani)生物学特性研究 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
主要研究了温度、湿度、pH值、光照、营养对苜蓿根腐病菌(Fusarium solani)生长、产孢和孢子萌发的影响.该病菌菌丝生长的温度范围为8～38℃,最适20～28℃;产生分生孢子的温度范围为10～38℃,最适25℃;分生孢子萌发的温度范围为8～38℃,最适25～32℃.在pH值5～10的范围内该菌均能生长和产孢,菌丝生长最适pH值5～9;分生孢子产生和萌发最适pH值6～7.分生孢子在饱和湿度或水滴中萌发快,相对湿度低于85%时不能萌发.光照处理对该菌生长无显著影响.分生孢子的致死温度为50℃,10 min或55℃,5 min,菌丝体的致死温度为60℃,30 min或65℃,5 min. 相似文献
7.
对分离到的桑椹缩小性菌核病病原菌进行分类鉴定和生物学特性研究,并进行病原对抑菌药剂敏感性的室内试验,为有效防控该病的危害提供科学依据。在对病原菌形态特征观察的基础上,通过与已知近缘菌株核糖体大亚基rRNA序列的比对,明确该病原菌在分类上属于核盘菌科(Sclrotiniaceae)核地杖菌属(Scleromitrula S.Imai)核地杖菌(Scleromitrula shirai-ana)。该病原菌的主要形态与生物学特性为:子实体单个子囊内的8个子囊孢子在未成熟期排列为2列,随着子囊孢子的生长发育,排列方式逐渐由2列变为不规则的线性排列;病原菌生长的适宜温度为20～30℃,最适宜生长的温度为25℃,菌丝及菌核的致死温度为50℃;病原菌生长的适宜pH范围为5～8,最适宜生长的pH为7。80%百菌清对该病原菌菌丝生长有较强的抑制作用,其EC50值为0.012 0 mg/mL,可选择百菌清对桑椹缩小性菌核病进行化学防控试验。 相似文献
8.
利用筛选培养基从不同豆制品作坊附近的土样中筛选出一株产α-半乳糖苷酶的菌株D-1,对其进行分子鉴定及所产的α-半乳糖苷酶进行酶学特性研究。研究表明,菌株D-1为Aspergillus niger,此菌株所产α-半乳糖苷酶的最适反应温度是55℃,在60℃以下热稳定性较好;最适反应pH值为5.0,在pH值3.0～5.5范围内稳定性较好,相对酶活>64.1%;Mg2+、Na+、Pb2+、K+、Mn2+、Co2+、Al3+对α-半乳糖苷酶均有不同程度的抑制作用,其中Cu2+和Fe3+的抑制作用较为明显,而Ca2+、EDTA(乙二胺四乙酸)、Zn2+对α-半乳糖苷酶有一定的促进作用。 相似文献
9.
采用常规组织分离法,对甘肃省武威市紫花苜蓿根腐病菌进行分离和致病性测定,并通过形态学特征和分子鉴定方法对致病性最强的菌株进行鉴定。结果表明,MXGF7可造成紫花苜蓿严重根腐,该病原菌大型分生孢子多纺锤形或镰刀形,大小为3.3～4.7μm×14.8～32.0μm;小型分生孢子少,纺锤形或哑铃形,大小2.9～4.2μm×8.4～18.2μm;ITS序列及镰孢菌Fu3/Fu4区基因序列分析表明,病原菌均与Fusarium chlamydosporum的相似度达99%,结合形态学特征将该病原菌鉴定为厚垣镰孢菌F.chlamydosporum。采用平板对峙法,从分离自东祁连山高寒草地牧草的123株内生细菌中筛选出61株菌株对F.chlamydosporum有拮抗效果,且抑菌率均在55%,并利用形态特征和16SrDNA基因序列分析将具有稳定拮抗作用265ZY3菌株鉴定为解淀粉芽孢杆菌Bacillus amylolique faciens。 相似文献
10.
4种暖季型草坪草币斑病病原菌鉴定及其生物学特性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
2011-2013年对海南省多个高尔夫球场及校园绿化草坪进行调查期间发现一种类似于草坪币斑病且可严重危害4种暖季型草坪草的草坪病害。根据科赫法则验证、形态学观察以及ITS序列分析的结果,确定引起海南省币斑病的病原菌为Sclerotinia homoeocarpa,这是我国首次报道S. homoeocarpa危害杂交狗牙根和地毯草。生物学特性研究表明: S. homoeoparpa生长的适宜温度为25~30℃,最适温度为28℃;适宜pH值为4~6,最适pH值为5;菌丝的致死温度为55℃水浴处理10 min;光照有利于菌丝生长。S. homoeoparpa能够利用多种碳氮源:碳源测试中,对可溶性淀粉利用率较高,对D-甘露醇和D-阿拉伯糖利用率较低;氮源测试中,病菌对硝酸铵、磷酸二氢铵的利用效果最佳,对脲利用效果最差。 相似文献
11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。 相似文献
12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections
of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal
(GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April
2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs
located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming
areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology
laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum
columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying
degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal
abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy
season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different
nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those
observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes.
But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the
results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. 相似文献
13.
Rassnick KM Gieger TL Williams LE Ruslander DM Northrup NC Kristal O Myers NC Moore AS 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2001,15(3):196-199
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks. 相似文献
14.
Davis MS Willard MD Nelson SL Mandsager RE McKiernan BS Mansell JK Lehenbauer TW 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(3):311-314
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large. 相似文献
15.
B. Cinar Kul N. Bilgen J.A. Lenstra O. Korkmaz Agaoglu B. Akyuz O. Ertugrul 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2015,132(6):449-453
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded. 相似文献
16.
Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Johansson AM Gardner SY Levine JF Papich MG LaFevers DH Fuquay LR Reagan VH Atkins CE 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):887-895
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses. 相似文献
17.
Waruiru RM Thamsborg SM Nansen P Kyvsgaard NC Bogh HO Munyua WK Gathuma JM 《Tropical animal health and production》2001,33(3):173-187
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round. 相似文献
18.
The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host. 相似文献
19.
Troxel MT Vite CH Van Winkle TJ Newton AL Tiches D Dayrell-Hart B Kapatkin AS Shofer FS Steinberg SA 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):850-859
The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma. 相似文献