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为建立一种快速检测H7N9亚型流感病毒的通用荧光RT-PCR方法,根据GenBank数据库中收录的相关基因组序列,应用Primer 5.0软件设计合成针对H7和N9序列的特异性引物和Taq Man探针,并对该方法开展特异性、敏感性、重复性试验。结果显示:H7和N9核酸片段最低检测限均为1.7×10~3 copies/mL;使用该方法重复检测10次,H7和N9核酸片段检测的变异系数(CV)1%,说明稳定性良好;利用第二代人感染H7N9流感病毒核酸检测试剂国家参考品样品,测得该方法灵敏度为100%(10/10)、特异度为100%(20/20)。结果表明,本研究建立的H7N9亚型流感病毒荧光定量RT-PCR方法快速、准确、稳定性高、特异性好,为控制流感病毒传播增添了技术手段。 相似文献
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为建立可以区分H7N9流感病毒强毒株和弱毒株的方法,通过比对Gen Bank和GISAID中H7N9流感病毒的HA基因序列以及本实验室保存的病毒序列,设计1对特异性引物和2条探针,建立了区分H7N9流感病毒强弱毒株的实时荧光RT-PCR方法,同时对该方法的反应体系和反应参数进行优化,并开展特异性和敏感性试验以及临床应用试验。特异性试验显示,该方法具有良好的特异性,对其他常见亚型的禽流感病毒和其他禽病病毒检测均为阴性。敏感性试验显示,该方法对H7N9流感强毒和弱毒HA基因的检测下限分别为0.004 fg和0.1 fg RNA模板,高于两种商品化试剂盒的灵敏度。利用该方法对40株经实验室分离鉴定的H7N9流感病毒进行对比验证,发现检出率和符合率均为100%。结果表明,该方法具有特异、敏感、准确的优点,可用于H7N9流感病毒的快速检测,同时还可区分强弱毒株,对H7N9流感病毒,尤其是高致病性流感病毒的早期诊断和有效防控具有重要意义。 相似文献
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为筛选合适狂犬病抗体检测的试剂盒，该研究以荧光抗体病毒中和试验（fluorescent antibody virus neutralization FAVN）方法为参照，与3个ELISA试剂盒方法进行比对，进行一致性分析，并计算了三种试剂盒的敏感性和特异性。结果显示：三种不同的试剂盒中，试剂盒A与FAVN一致性最好，Kappa值为0.605，有较高的一致性，符合率为86%；试剂盒B次之，Kappa值为0.485，为中度一致，符合率为80%；试剂盒C与FAVN的一致性最差，Kappa值为0.310，符合率也最低，为74%。在敏感性和特异性方面，试剂盒A的敏感性最高，为92.1%，试剂盒B的特异性最高，为72.7%。本研究为临床上科学的筛选试剂盒提供了依据。 相似文献
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为同时检测H7亚型、N9亚型和A型流感病毒,本研究根据流感病毒H7 HA、N9 NA以及M基因序列分别合成3对引物和3种荧光素标记的探针,建立了多重TaqMan荧光定量RT-PCR检测方法.特异性试验结果显示,仅H7亚型和N9亚型病毒分别在FAM和JOE通道监测到荧光信号,而所有A型参考流感病毒株均可获得Cy5荧光信号,此外其他相关的禽源病毒检测结果均为阴性.同时,以H7N9亚型病毒RNA为模板建立了标准曲线,检测H7 HA、N9 NA以及M基因的R2值均为0.999,最低检出量均为35.4 EID50/mL.批内和批间试验的变异系数均小于1.48％.利用该方法对1 072份临床样品(咽喉和泄殖腔拭子)检测,H7N9亚型和A型流感病毒分别检出7份和23份.该方法可以有助于H7N9亚型和A型流感病毒的快速检测及鉴定. 相似文献
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为建立简便快速检测H7N9亚型流感病毒的方法,根椐GenBank中H7亚型流感病毒的HA基因序列和N9亚型流感病毒的NA基因序列,设计2对特异性引物,在建立H7亚型和N9亚型单项RT-PCR的基础上,优化双重RT-PCR反应条件,建立同时检测H7亚型和N9亚型的双重RT-PCR。对H7N9亚型流感病毒核酸模板进行双重RT-PCR扩增,结果可同时扩增HA基因263bp、NA基因520 bp的特异性片段,而对其他常见亚型的流感病毒的RT-PCR扩增结果均为阴性。敏感性试验结果表明,该双重RT-PCR方法的检测下限为3 pg的H7N9病毒模板。利用该双重RT-PCR方法对30份临床样品进行H7N9病毒进行检测,与病毒分离方法进行对比,结果显示,两者的符合率为100%。结果表明建立的双重RT-PCR检测方法,具有特异、快速、敏感、准确的特点,可用于H7N9流感病毒的同时检测和鉴别诊断,为H7N9亚型流感的有效防控提供技术支撑。 相似文献
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为建立快速检测甲型H1N1流感病毒[Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09]的TaqMan荧光定量PCR方法,本研究根据甲型H1N1流感病毒血凝素(HA)基因保守序列,设计并合成了特异性引物和TaqMan MGB探针,采用实时荧光定量PCR技术检测甲型H1N1流感病毒。使用含有选定检测序列的重组质粒pMD-HA标准品绘制标准曲线,其相关系数为0.999,敏感性可达50 TCID50。本研究中,甲型H1N1流感病毒TaqMan荧光定量RT-PCR方法与经典H1N1、类禽H1N1、类人H1N1、H1N2、H3N2、H5N1和H9N2流感病毒无交叉反应。结果表明,该方法可以在人类和动物间有效地检测甲型H1N1流感病毒。 相似文献
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《上海畜牧兽医通讯》2017,(3)
为研制H5N6亚型流感病毒核酸快速检测试剂盒,选择H5N6亚型流感毒株序列相对最保守的HA基因和NA基因作为H5N6检测的靶序列,设计两套特异性的引物和探针,建立基于TaqMan探针的双重荧光RT-PCR快速检测H5N6亚型禽流感病毒的方法。实验结果表明,所建立的H5N6亚型流感病毒real time RT-PCR检测方法 HA基因检测的灵敏度为10~(-5),NA基因检测的灵敏度为10~(-4),重复性良好,特异性佳。结论:本研究建立的双重荧光定量RT-PCR技术可以快速、准确地检测H5N6亚型流感病毒。 相似文献
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为评价国产狂犬病病毒ELISA抗体检测试剂盒的性能,选择4种国产品牌ELISA抗体检测试剂盒,分别检测463份已用荧光抗体病毒中和试验（FAVN）测知狂犬病病毒抗体效价的犬血清,用Kappa检验和配对卡方检验评价ELISA试剂盒与FAVN检测结果的一致性和差异性,计算ELISA试剂盒的诊断敏感性、诊断特异性、符合率和重复性等,并比较4种试剂盒的使用范围、样品稀释倍数等参数。结果显示：经Kappa检验,4种试剂盒与FAVN一致性均为弱;经配对卡方检验,A、B试剂盒与FAVN检测结果的差异不显著（P> 0.05）,而C、D试剂盒差异显著（P <0.05）。诊断敏感性,D试剂盒最高,B试剂盒最低;4种试剂盒诊断特异性均较低,为29.5%～57.7%;各试剂盒符合率相当,为71.3%～72.8%。综合敏感性、特异性、重复性等考量因素,得出C试剂盒更能满足免疫后抗体检测需求,A试剂盒也较好,两者可作为候选试剂盒。结果表明,4种国产狂犬病病毒ELISA试剂盒的诊断敏感性、诊断特异性、批间稳定性等性能需进一步提高,以满足基层免疫抗体监测需求。 相似文献
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旨在提高对禽流感病毒（avian influenza virus，AIV）检测效率，及时发现疫病。本研究通过分析M基因以及H5、H7和H9亚型的HA基因序列保守区域，设计并合成了相关探针和引物，建立了禽流感病毒（AIV）四重荧光RT-PCR检测方法，该方法可在检测禽流感病毒（AIV）的同时，确定病原是否为H5、H7和H9亚型。结果显示，该检测方法耗时短、特异性好、检测下限达到10-5 ng·μL-1。采用该方法检测临床采集的13个活禽交易市场的384份禽咽喉和泄殖腔双拭子样品，经检测，其中有60份样品为流感病毒阳性，且全部是H9亚型，该结果与行业标准方法（NY/T 772—2013）检测结果一致，κ值为1（P<0.001）。本方法能实现对禽流感病毒及H5、H7和H9亚型的高通量快速检测，将在AIV快速检测中发挥重要作用。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献
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乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制. 相似文献
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Billinghurst RC Brama PA van Weeren PR Knowlton MS McIlwraith CW 《American journal of veterinary research》2004,65(2):143-150
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis. 相似文献