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1.
DNA指纹图与生化指标分析对近交系小鼠遗传检测的比较 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
采用JL-02多位点探针对来自北京和西安地区的5个BALB/c群、2个BALB/c-nu/nu群、4个C57群、1个CBA/N群和1个DBA/2群近交系小鼠进行了DNA指纹图分析,并与常规生化标记分析法进行了比较.结果显示,DNA指纹图的图带教均为17～22条,具有良好的多态性.生化标记分析中Hbb位点显示异常的BALB/c及BALB/c-nu/nu小鼠与其同群体正常小鼠的DNA指纹图有较大差异,2个体之间的相似系数(F)及共有带率(X)均在0.8以下,完全相同DNA指纹图的概率(P)均在1.3×10-2以下;生化标记分析未见异常的群体内,DNA指纹图基本一致,P＞2.2×10-1.DNA指纹图显示,不同单位的同一品系间存在一定差异,其F及X均在0.8以下,P＜1.1×10-3.不同品系间DNA指纹图的F及X相差较大,均在0.4以下,P=2.7×10-10.BALB/c群与BALB/c-nu/nu群间DNA指纹图的F和X在0.65以下,P=3.8×10-6.同一动物的基因组DNA,经不同次实验所得出的DNA指纹图基本一致.2种方法比较表明,DNA指纹图在动物遗传检测中比生化标记分析有较大的优势,它不但能确切地反映生化标记分析显示的异常动物的遗传变化,而且还检出了生化标记分析未能检出的动物遗传变异,因此更加灵敏.DNA指纹图能反映出动物个体间、群体间及品系间的变异程度、亲缘关系及遗传距离,这是生化标记分析无法比拟的. 相似文献
2.
为了建立一种对近交系大鼠遗传物质进行精确可靠、快速简便的监测方法,利用DNA指纹技术对国内6个品系8个近交系大鼠群体进行了DNA多态性的分析,并与PCR扩增微卫星DNA技术进行了比较.其结果显示(1)不同品系之间DNA指纹图差异较大,同一群体不同个体间DNA指纹图带的相似系数和共有带率除SHR(哈)和WKY(哈)小于0.7外,其他均大于0.9.不同地区同一SHR间和WKY间DNA指纹图也存在差异,相同DNA不同次制作的DNA指纹图谱基本一致.(2)不同品系个体间微卫星DNA具有显著多态性;同一群体不同个体之间除SHR(哈)的SMST位点和WKY(哈)的AGT位点出现一定的差异外,其他均没有差异.DNA指纹图能更精确可靠地反映出动物个体间的遗传背景,而微卫星DNA遗传监测方法比较简便快捷. 相似文献
3.
采用生物素标记的（GGAT）4寡核苷酸探针对C57BL／6J、BALB／c和DBA／2三种近交系生产扩大群F4代小鼠进行了DNA指纹图分析。结果显示（GGAT）4寡核苷酸探针对上述三种近交系小鼠产生的DNA指纹图的图带数均为10-12条,具有良好的多态性,品系内平均DNA指纹图的相似系教（X）在0．88—0．95的范围内,具有相同指纹图的概率（P）均在0．35以上,极显著地高于品系间的相似系数（0．18—0．31）和相同指纹图的概率（P〈8．4×10^-7）。研究结果表明（GGAT）。寡核苷酸探针可用于制作近交系小鼠生产扩大群的DNA指纹图,以对其进行遗传检测。 相似文献
4.
为了建立一种对近交系大鼠遗传物质进行精确可靠、快速简便的监测方法，利用DNA指纹技术对国内6个品系8个近交系大鼠群体进行了DNA多态性的分析，并与PCR扩增微卫星DNA技术进行了比较。其结束显示：(1)不同品系之间DNA指纹图差异较大，同一群体不同个体间DNA指纹图带的相似系数和共有带率除SHR（哈)和WKY(哈)小于0．7外，其他均大于0．9。不同地区同一SHR间和WKY间DNA指纹图也存在差异，相同DNA不同次制作的DNA指纹图谱基本一致。(2)不同品系个体间微卫星DNA具有显著多态性；同一群体不同个体之间除SHR(哈)的SMST位点和WKY(哈)的AGT位点出现一定的差异外，其他均没有差异。DNA指纹图能更精确可靠地反映出动物个体间的遗传背景，而微卫星DNA遗传监测方法比较简便快捷。 相似文献
5.
用寡核苷酸探针对近交系小鼠DNA指纹图谱的分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
应用DNA指纹技术，用非放射性标记的寡核苷酸探针(GGAT)。对3个清洁级近交小鼠品系C57、DBA／2、BALB／c进行检测，分析其DNA指纹图谱。结果显示，不同品系近交系小鼠的DNA指纹图谱有明显差异，而品系内小鼠之间的DNA指纹图谱基本一致。证明DNA指纹技术能够较好地检测出近交系小鼠的基因纯合性，反映其遗传质量，可以应用于对近交系小鼠的遗传质量监测。 相似文献
6.
采用随机扩增多态性DNA（RAPD）标记，分析了BALB／c、57BL／6、DBA／2、C3H／He近交系小鼠的遗传多态性。结果表明，上述小鼠表现出了各自不同的多态性RAPD标记；RAPD可作为近交系小鼠的分子标记， 在DNA水平区别4种近交系小鼠。 相似文献
7.
8.
近交系大鼠STR复合扩增DNA多态性的分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
实验从已筛选出的近交系大鼠的 2 0个基因座位点中 6个位点 ,合成 6对引物 ,利用聚合酶链反应 (PCR)扩增技术对国内已知的SHR、SHRSP、L EW、RCS、WKY和 F3 44等 6个近交系大鼠各 4只进行了 DNA多态性的分析。结果表明同一品系不同个体之间没有多态性 ;不同品系个体之间具有显著多态性 ;利用这6个特异性的位点对国内 6种常用近交系大鼠可有效地进行遗传背景的鉴别。该方法能有效地对近交系与杂交系、品系与品系、品系与亚系加以区分 ,并大大地提高了其监测效率。因此 ,本实验为实验动物遗传背景的监测提供一个高效快捷、简便准确的方法 相似文献
9.
10.
近交系大鼠DNA指纹图稳定性的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为建立ＤＮＡ指纹技术在近交系大鼠遗传监测中的方法，采用ＤＮＡ指纹图对国内已知的７个品系近交系大鼠群体进行了分析，并对相同ＤＮＡ进行了多次ＤＮＡ指纹图重复实验，其结果表明：不同品系之间ＤＮＡ指纹图差异较大，其平均图带数为（１６．３６０±２．１７８），共有带率为（０．０６１±０．００８），相似系数为（０．０６２±０．００８），相同ＤＮＡ指纹图概率为３．６９１×１０－２３。相同ＤＮＡ不同次制作的ＤＮＡ指纹图谱基本一致（Ｐ＞０．０５）。同一个体不同组织的ＤＮＡ指纹图也基本相同，从而证实了该方法具有高度的稳定性和可重复性。 相似文献
11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。 相似文献
12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections
of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal
(GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April
2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs
located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming
areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology
laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum
columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying
degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal
abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy
season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different
nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those
observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes.
But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the
results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. 相似文献
13.
Rassnick KM Gieger TL Williams LE Ruslander DM Northrup NC Kristal O Myers NC Moore AS 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2001,15(3):196-199
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks. 相似文献
14.
B. Cinar Kul N. Bilgen J.A. Lenstra O. Korkmaz Agaoglu B. Akyuz O. Ertugrul 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2015,132(6):449-453
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded. 相似文献
15.
Davis MS Willard MD Nelson SL Mandsager RE McKiernan BS Mansell JK Lehenbauer TW 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(3):311-314
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large. 相似文献
16.
Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Johansson AM Gardner SY Levine JF Papich MG LaFevers DH Fuquay LR Reagan VH Atkins CE 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):887-895
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses. 相似文献
17.
Troxel MT Vite CH Van Winkle TJ Newton AL Tiches D Dayrell-Hart B Kapatkin AS Shofer FS Steinberg SA 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):850-859
The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma. 相似文献
18.
Waruiru RM Thamsborg SM Nansen P Kyvsgaard NC Bogh HO Munyua WK Gathuma JM 《Tropical animal health and production》2001,33(3):173-187
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round. 相似文献
19.
The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host. 相似文献
20.
Bazin H 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》2003,26(5-6):293-308
Infectious diseases have always been a terrible scourge for humans. The appearance of these plagues, as they were called without distinction, was generally connected to various conditions: asters, climatic changes or religious reasons. The concept of contagious, and then infectious, diseases came slowly. Variolation, i.e. transmission of ‘virulent’ matter to induce a natural disease and the immunity against it, was brought from Constantinople to England by Lady Montague, in 1721. This ‘variolation’ technique was also often performed in veterinary medicine against diseases like sheep-pox or pleuropneumonia. As ‘vaccination’ is the term generally accepted for ‘immunisation’, variolation can be the word designating such a technique. The second period of the history of immunisation began, in 1880, with the studies of Pasteur and his collaborators. A great number of bacterial vaccines were developed: dead, live but attenuated or only parts of pathogens. The viruses were produced in animals, then in eggs and at last, in tissue cultures. Second generation vaccines appeared with genetic engineering: recombinant vaccines, vector vaccines, nucleic acids vaccines, and markers vaccines, among others. These novel technologies can permit the development of new ones and improve the quality of the vaccines already existing. 相似文献