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不同菌株固态生料发酵棉籽粕的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
试验研究了微生物固态生料发酵对棉籽粕中游离棉酚和蛋白质含量变化的影响。利用12株菌固态生料发酵棉籽粕筛选出高效脱除棉酚菌株和产蛋白酶能力最佳的菌株;在此基础上进行菌种复配发酵棉籽粕。结果表明:单一菌株棉籽粕固态发酵试验中,地衣芽孢杆菌B12脱毒效果最佳,脱毒率为42.7%,水溶性蛋白含量8.2%,小肽含量4.19%;产蛋白酶能力较强菌株为Bsl和Bs3,蛋白酶酶活力分别为43.8U/mL和43.6U/mL;混菌组合发酵中B12+Cul组合脱毒率50.03%,水溶性蛋白含量9.11%,小肽含量6.98%,为最佳菌种组合。结论:混菌发酵效果优于单菌发酵。 相似文献
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《饲料工业》2019,(24):32-35
试验旨在研究对比棉酚降解酶及热带假丝酵母ZD-3对棉籽粕中游离棉酚与营养物质的影响,从而评定棉酚降解酶对棉籽粕脱毒的效果。利用棉酚降解酶及热带假丝酵母ZD-3对棉籽粕分别进行酶解与固态发酵。检测原棉籽粕及处理后棉籽粕中游离棉酚与营养物质的含量及蛋白质分子质量分布。棉籽粕经棉酚降解酶酶解后,游离棉酚的含量与原棉籽粕相比极显著降低,棉籽粕的脱毒率为92.67%,较热带假丝酵母ZD-3发酵后的脱毒率上升了4.46%,经棉酚降解酶酶解后及热带假丝酵母ZD-3发酵后的棉籽粕,两者的营养物质含量差异不显著,均未检测到棉籽粕中大分子蛋白质降解成小分子蛋白质的现象。棉酚降解酶可以很好的代替热带假丝酵母ZD-3应用于棉籽粕的脱毒,同时棉酚降解酶酶解脱毒较热带假丝酵母ZD-3固态发酵能够极大地缩短时间。 相似文献
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《饲料研究》2016,(9)
棉酚是存在于棉籽粕中对动物有害的一种物质,因此若将棉籽粕作为动物饲料蛋白源,其利用率会大幅降低(不足30%)。通过生物降解的方法去除有害物质,成为提高棉籽粕利用率的有效手段。首先研究以醋酸棉酚为唯一碳源,分别从河南省新乡市周边不同的棉田和棉花榨油厂等土壤地取样,初筛48株对棉酚具有降解能力的菌株,通过复筛得到6株降解棉酚能力较强的菌株,然后对其进行菌株形态学观察及18S r DNA分子鉴定,结果发现:6株菌分别是黑曲霉、黄曲霉、产紫青霉、土曲霉、青霉及酿酒酵母;利用间苯三酚法对6株菌的棉酚降解能力进行比较,结果发现土曲霉的降解能力明显优于其他菌株,其纯棉酚降解率达33.6%。最终以土曲霉为发酵菌株,棉粕为发酵底物,进行固态发酵;结果在料水比1.0∶0.6(g/m L),接种量6%,蛋白胨3%,麦芽糖10%,30℃恒温培养72 h的条件下,土曲霉菌株脱毒效率最好可达88.3%。该菌株的获得和鉴定,能为其在饲料工业化生产中的应用奠定基础。 相似文献
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《中国畜牧杂志》2017,(3)
本试验旨在研究微生物固态发酵与微波降解分步复合法脱除棉籽粕中游离棉酚的加工技术。以棉籽浸出制油后的棉籽粕为原料,通过不同的菌种、接种量、料液比、发酵温度、发酵时间等影响因素进行试验分析,以棉籽粕的脱毒率为评判标准。首先通过确定正交试验的因素与水平,得出微生物固态发酵的最佳脱毒工艺参数;再以发酵后的湿棉籽粕为原料,采用微波降解工艺进行第二次物理辅助脱毒,确定最佳微波工艺参数;测定脱毒前后的棉籽粕粗蛋白含量和小肽含量。结果表明:混菌发酵比2∶1(枯草芽孢杆菌与酵母菌)、接种量10%、料液比2∶3、发酵时间48 h、发酵温度30℃,脱毒效果最佳,此时脱毒率高达86.57%;当微波时间和功率分别为6 min和3 000 W时,最终棉籽粕脱毒可达90.57%。测定脱毒后的棉籽粕粗蛋白含量为52.17%,提高了25.29%;小肽含量为11.13%,提高了20.19%。所得产品色泽均一,呈黑褐色,无酸臭味。微波过程可脱出一部分水分,有效节约了棉籽粕的烘干成本和烘干时间。此方法工艺简单、安全可靠、流程短、脱毒率高、水耗和能耗低,为棉籽粕的合理开发和利用提供理论基础和试验数据。 相似文献
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棉籽粕是一种非常有价值的蛋白质饲料,棉籽粕的有效脱毒可以提高饲料利用率。本试验建立了一种快速、准确测定棉籽粕游离棉酚的HPLC方法,并采用不同的脱毒方式对棉籽粕中的游离棉酚进行降解,筛选最优脱毒方法。结果显示:(1)HPLC法测定棉籽粕中棉酚含量,棉酚色谱峰出峰稳定性良好、分离效果好、峰型理想、灵敏度高,可以高效的检测棉酚含量;(2)不同处理方法对棉籽粕脱毒效果不同,棉酚脱毒率大小排序为:微生物法>硫酸亚铁法>尿素法>高温高压法。最优的方法为微生物法,酵母菌发酵48 h后的发酵棉籽粕棉酚降解率高达93.86%;化学法(硫酸亚铁法和尿素法)脱毒率为53.64%～78.18%,物理法(高温高压)脱毒率最低,为41.00%。 相似文献
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《广东饲料》2018,(11)
棉籽粕中因含有棉酚等有毒物质,制约了其在畜牧业中的应用。微生物发酵法是目前普遍认为的成本低、效果好、较安全的脱毒方法。本实验利用实验室常用菌株芽孢菌、酵母菌和乳酸菌发酵棉籽粕,研究其对棉籽粕中游离棉酚降解率的影响,并对发酵前后棉籽粕的营养指标如活菌数、酸溶蛋白、中性蛋白酶活性、pH和游离棉酚含量等进行比较。结果发现:降解棉籽粕中游离棉酚效果的菌株排序为芽孢杆菌优于酵母菌优于乳酸菌,其中芽孢杆菌BLCC1-0039组发酵棉籽粕24 h时,游离棉酚降解率达到93.89%(P0.05),酵母菌BLCC4-0327组发酵棉籽粕发酵24 h时,游离棉酚降解率达到72.72%(P0.05),本研究的5株乳酸菌几乎都没有降解游离棉酚的能力。芽孢杆菌各菌株发酵棉籽粕均可以提高酸溶蛋白含量和中性蛋白酶活性,发酵24 h时,芽孢杆菌BLCC1-0039组的酸溶蛋白含量较空白对照组高出54.80%(P0.05),中性蛋白酶活性达到4111.40U/g(P0.05);发酵24 h时,酵母菌BLCC4-0327组的酸溶蛋白含量较空白对照组高出23.20%(P0.05);乳酸菌发酵可有效改善发酵风味,发酵24 h时,乳酸菌BLCC2-0092组发酵料的p H降至5.47(P0.05)。这说明,优良的微生物菌种是影响棉籽粕脱毒效果和饲料营养品质的首要条件,这为下一步棉籽粕的有效利用提供了理论指导。 相似文献
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棉籽粕是一种非常有价值的蛋白饲料,棉籽粕的有效脱毒可以提高饲料利用率。本实验建立了快速准确地测定棉籽粕游离棉酚的HPLC方法,并采用不同的脱毒方式对棉籽粕中的游离棉酚进行降解,筛选最优脱毒方法。结果显示:(1)HPLC法测定棉籽粕中棉酚含量,棉酚色谱峰出峰稳定性良好、分离效果好、峰型理想、灵敏度高,可以高效地检测棉酚含量;(2)不同处理方法对棉籽粕脱毒效果不同,棉酚脱毒率大小排序为:微生物法硫酸亚铁法尿素法高温高压法。最优的方法为微生物法,酵母菌发酵48 h后的发酵棉籽粕棉酚降解率高达93.86%;化学法(硫酸亚铁法和尿素法)脱毒率在53.64%~78.18%,物理法(高温高压)脱毒率最低为41.00%。 相似文献
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利用枯草芽孢菌（Bacillus subtilis NDX6）和植物乳杆菌（Lactobacillus plantarum BLLP）对棉粕、豆粕不同比例混合样品进行有氧和无氧联合发酵试验,并用纯棉粕进行联合发酵生长曲线研究,探讨固体联合发酵对棉粕发酵产物中富肽蛋白含量及脱毒效果的影响.结果表明,6个配方中纯棉粕发酵降解有毒物质游离棉酚含量最高约81％,游离氨基酸及小肽的含量提高约6.5倍（P＜0.05）,饲料pH由原来的6.20以上降低到5.12以下,有益菌活菌数提高约10倍;纯棉籽粕有氧发酵时间为38 h,无氧发酵时间60～66 h,游离氨基酸含量提高约7.54倍,游离棉酚降低约89％.用棉粕固体联合发酵可以脱毒,降解蛋白提高饲料吸收利用率. 相似文献
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利用现代固态发酵原理,研究两种不同发酵工艺对棉粕脱毒效果及其营养价值的影响。工艺一是使用本实验室保存的两株菌直接进行固态发酵,工艺二是在工艺一的基础上添加酶解液进行固态发酵。试验结果表明(以干物质计),棉籽粕发酵和发酵酶解产品中游离棉酚分别降低到197.68 mg/kg和202.35 mg/kg,粗蛋白质分别提高到59.64%和60.88%,小肽含量分别提高到19.41%和23.59%。来航蛋公鸡强饲代谢试验结果表明,发酵和发酵酶解棉籽粕的能量和营养物质消化率均高于未发酵棉粕。肉鸡饲养试验结果表明,发酵棉粕按50%、75%和发酵酶解棉粕按75%的比例替代基础日粮中的豆粕,不影响肉鸡的日采食量。国标二级高游离棉酚棉籽粕经过固态发酵处理后,外观蓬松变软,气味芳香,其营养价值得到显著改善。蛋公鸡的营养物质及能量消化率得到显著提高,同时益生菌及生物酶活性增加,在肉仔鸡日粮中的应用不影响日采食量。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献