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精氨酸又称蛋白氨基酸,传统上,精氨酸不被认为是母仔猪的必需氨基酸,但是现代品种的猪生长更快,瘦肉率更高,孕育的胎儿更多,因此,对精氨酸有更高的生理需求。大量研究表明,日粮中添加0.5%至1%精氨酸可以改善母仔猪的生产性能和繁殖性能。文章综合论述了母仔猪精氨酸的生理代谢和营养作用。 相似文献
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精氨酸和精氨酸生素对断奶仔猪生长性能、器官重及生化指标的影响 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
试验选用相同胎次母猪的21日龄断奶杜洛克×长白×大约克健康仔猪120头,以栏为单位,依据仔猪栏平均体重(5.27 kg±0.63 kg)随机分为3组,每组5个重复,每个重复(栏)8头仔猪(公、母各半),分别饲喂对照日粮(基础日粮+2.05%丙氨酸)、精氨酸日粮(基础日粮+0.6%精氨酸)和精氨酸生素日粮(基础日粮+0.09% AAA),试验期为7 d,研究了日粮中添加精氨酸和精氨酸生素对断奶仔猪生长性能、器官相对重量和血液生化参数的影响。结果表明,日粮添加0.6%的精氨酸和0.09%的AAA,仔猪的平均日采食量、日增重有显著提高(P＜0.05);肝脏、肾脏、脾脏和心脏的重量高于对照组,但差异均不显著(P＞0.05);与对照组相比,精氨酸组和精氨酸生素组的血清尿素氮和碱性磷酸酶活性显著降低 (P＜0.05),其它血液生化参数差异都不显著(P＞0.05)。试验结果显示,日粮中添加精氨酸和精氨酸生素有利于缓解早期仔猪断奶应激,提高其生长性能,0.09%的AAA可以有效替代0.6%的精氨酸。 相似文献
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精氨酸为条件性必需氨基酸,在应激状态下和特殊生长阶段,它是必需氨基酸,体内合成的精氨酸不能满足生理代谢需要,但长期或者过量补充精氨酸对机体会造成损害。近年来,精氨酸在妊娠母猪日粮中的应用有诸多报道成为养猪生产的一个热点。本文评述了动物机体精氨酸的来源与代谢以及日粮精氨酸对妊娠母猪繁殖性能和仔猪生长性能的影响,以期对养猪生产有所指导。 相似文献
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功能性氯基酸——精氦酸（Arg）具有重要的生理、代谢和营养作用,几乎机体中所有组织均利用Arg合成胞浆蛋白和核蛋白,精氨酸在促进肌肉蛋白质合成、增强机体的免疫力、细胞分裂、伤口复尿和激素分泌等各种生理过程中,也都有着重要的角色。Arg为条件性必需氨基酸,在应激状态下和特殊生长阶段,为必需氨基酸,仔猪体内合成的精氨酸不能满足生理代谢需要。但是精氨酸的吸收与赖氨酸等桔抗,因此,对精氨酸及其内源性合成调控研究具有极大的应用价值和实践意义。精氨酸生素（Arginineactivatoradditive,AAA）是N-乙酰谷氨酸（N-acetylglutamate,NAG）的类似物,作为一种新型的功能性氨基酸,可以有效调控内源性精氨酸合成,进而促进动物生长性能。本文就精氨酸和精氨酸生素特别是其对机体内源性精氨酸合成调控及其在仔猪和母猪中的研究进展与应用作一综述。 相似文献
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本试验旨在研究泌乳母猪饲粮精氨酸水平对哺乳仔猪小肠黏膜发育的影响及其抗氧化作用机理.试验选择长大二元杂交经产母猪36头,随机分为0.82%精氨酸组(n=12)、1.23%精氨酸组(n=12)和1.64%精氨酸组(n=12)3个组,分别饲喂含0.82%、1.23%和1.64%精氨酸的饲粮.试验从产后第4天开始至第22天结束.结果表明:1.64%和1.23%精氨酸组哺乳仔猪十二指肠黏膜绒毛高度显著高于0.82%精氨酸组(P<0.05);1.64%精氨酸组哺乳仔猪十二指肠和回肠黏膜隐窝深度显著低于0.82%精氨酸组(P<0.05),1.64%和1.23%精氨酸组哺乳仔猪空肠黏膜隐窝深度显著低于0.82%精氨酸组(P<0.05).1.64%精氨酸组哺乳仔猪十二指肠和空肠黏膜乳糖酶和碱性磷酸酶活性显著高于0.82%精氨酸组(P<0.05);哺乳仔猪小肠黏膜谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性随泌乳母猪饲粮精氨酸水平升高而升高,其中在十二指肠中各组间差异显著(P<0.05),在空肠和回肠中1.64%精氨酸组显著高于0.82%精氨酸组(P<0.05);1.64%精氨酸组哺乳仔猪十二指肠、空肠和回肠黏膜超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性均显著高于0.82%精氨酸组(P<0.05);哺乳仔猪小肠黏膜丙二醛(MDA)含量在十二指肠中1.64%和1.23%精氨酸组显著低于0.82%精氨酸组(P<0.05),在空肠中1.64%精氨酸组显著低于0.82%精氨酸组(P<0.05).结果提示,提高泌乳母猪饲粮精氨酸水平能够促进哺乳仔猪小肠黏膜发育,其作用机制可能与母猪饲粮中补充精氨酸改善仔猪抗氧化机能有关. 相似文献
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由于精氨酸及其代谢产物具有广泛生物学作用,使得近年来研究者们在生理、生化和营养等方面对其作了大量的研究。母乳严重缺乏精氨酸,仔猪精氨酸内源合成对精氨酸的平衡起了重要作用,使得哺乳仔猪精氨酸的内源合成成为精氨酸营养的研究核心。通过对精氨酸内源合成路径和场所的了解,研究者们进一步研究了精氨酸内源合成的影响因素,主要有仔猪日龄、日粮中精氨酸的水平、乳酸盐和皮质醇的浓度等。本文就仔猪精氨酸内源合成的途径和场所、内源合成的量、影响因素以及精氨酸的需要量等进行了综述,重点阐述了精氨酸内源合成的影响因素。 相似文献
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精氨酸是目前发现的动物细胞内功能最多的氨基酸,几乎哺乳动物机体中所有组织均利用L-Arg合成细胞浆蛋白和核蛋白,L-Arg在细胞分裂、伤口复原、蛋白质合成和分泌激素等生理过程起着重要的作用。精氨酸作为必需氨基酸,在怀孕母猪和幼龄仔猪及猪在病理状况下,内源合成不能满足其需要。根据传统的营养标准(NRC1998)配制的日粮,精氨酸不能满足猪的需求,额外添加精氨酸可提高猪的生产性能。由于精氨酸与赖氨酸、色氨酸、组氨酸的吸收存在拮抗效应及价格昂贵,限制了精氨酸的使用。精氨酸生素可激活从谷氨酰胺和脯氨酸生成精氨酸的生化过程,促进精氨酸的内源生成。日粮添加精氨酸或者精氨酸生素,均有助于提高妊娠母猪的产活仔数及出生窝重、提高哺乳仔猪的增重及减少断奶应激。文中就精氨酸的代谢、调控及精氨酸和精氨酸生素在猪营养中的应用,特别是精氨酸与胚胎发育、新生动物蛋白合成和生长、仔猪肠道健康和疾病感染调控等方面的研究成果作一综述。 相似文献
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使用性控胶囊和5%精氨酸能有效地改变母牛子宫内的生理生化环境,达到抑制Y精子而增强X精子运动力,从而提高X精子受精率的目的。本试验通过使用性控胶囊和5%精氨酸处理母牛子宫后,奶牛受胎率分别为83%和83.5%,生产的犊牛母犊率分别达到69.3%和70.66%,比目前常规人工授精的产母犊率49.4%相比分别提高19.91个百分点和21.36个百分点,差异显著(P<0.05),效果明显。 相似文献
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E. Śliwa P. Dobrowolski M. R. Tatara T. Piersiak A. Siwicki E. Rokita S. G. Pierzynowski 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2009,93(2):192-202
Glucocorticoids play a role in the origin of the features of the metabolic diseases. Alpha‐ketoglutarate (AKG) is defined as glutamine homologue and derivative, conditionally an essential amino acid. In the liver, glutamine serves as a precursor for ureagenesis, gluconeogenesis and acute phase protein synthesis The aim of the study was to determine the effect of AKG administered to piglets prenatally exposed to dexamethasone, on the structure of the liver and its metabolic function. Sows were administered with dexamethasone (3 mg/sow/48 h) from day 70 of pregnancy to the parturition, and then after the birth, the piglets were divided into the group administered with AKG (0.4 g/kg body weight) or physiological saline. Biochemical markers, lysozyme and ceruloplasmin serum activities, concentrations of selected free amino acids, macro‐ and microelements and histomorphometry of the liver tissue were determined. The total cholesterol concentrations in the sows and their newborns from the Dex groups were higher by 72% and 64%, respectively, compared with the control groups. Triacylglycerol concentration was higher by 50% in sows from the Dex group and 55% in the new‐born piglets. Alpha‐ketoglutarate administered to the piglets after prenatal influence of dexamethasone lowered the total cholesterol concentration by 40%, and enhanced aspartate by 41%, serine by 76%, glutamate by 105%, glutamine by 36%, glycine by 53% and arginine by 105%, as well as methionine and cystathionine, but increased the sulphur concentration compared with the control (p < 0.01). Intracellular space D decreased after AKG administration in comparison with the piglets from Dex/Control group not treated with AKG. Postnatal administration of AKG had a protective effect on liver structure, and lowered the total cholesterol concentration in piglets prenatally exposed to dexamethasone, and also influenced selected macro‐ and microelement serum concentrations and amino acids plasma concentration. 相似文献
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J. Y. P. Palencia M. A. G. Lemes C. A. P. Garbossa M. L. T. Abreu L. J. Pereira M. G. Zangeronimo 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2018,102(1):204-213
The use of functional amino acids during pregnancy has been linked to improved reproduction in mammals. In this context, arginine is a precursor in the synthesis of numerous molecules, such as nitric oxide and polyamines, which play an important role during reproduction. However, contradictory studies are found in the literature, particularly regarding the amount of supplementation and the period of pregnancy in which it is used. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary arginine supplementation for pregnant sows on foetal development via a systematic review. The search for papers was performed during the month of December 2015, in the databases ISI Web of Science, Science Direct, Scopus, and SciELO. From a total of 5675 returned studies, only 13 papers were selected after applying selection criteria. Most (47%) of the studies that evaluated the effects of dietary arginine supplementation on foetal development in pigs used 1% arginine. Supplementation was initiated in the first third of pregnancy in 47% of tests, including in both primiparous and multiparous sows. These studies showed positive results for embryo survival and foetal development, evidenced by the increase in placental weight and the number and weight of piglets born alive. Of all evaluated studies, 53% showed benefits on foetal development. It is concluded that supplementing dietary arginine in gestating sows can benefit embryo survival and foetal development. However, to establish a supplementation plan with this amino acid, aspects related to the period of pregnancy, supplementation levels, and source of arginine must be well defined. 相似文献
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《动物营养（英文）》2015,(4)
This study was conducted to compare physiological characteristics between Meishan and Yorkshire piglets in their early lives. Six healthy purebred Meishan sows and Yorkshire sows with close farrowing dates were used in this research. The piglets sucked their respective sow's milk for 14 days, then they were slaughtered to collect samples of blood, pancreas, contents of stomach, jejunum, cecum, colon as well as feces for analysis of blood biochemical parameters, digestive enzymes, and volatile fatty acid(VFA). The results showed that Yorkshire piglets had higher concentrations of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C) and total cholesterol(TC)(P 0.05). Gastric lipase activity was higher in Meishan piglets but Yorkshire piglets had higher lactase activity(P 0.05). The total VFA together with acetate and propionate in cecum and colon were higher in Meishan piglets than in Yorkshire piglets(P 0.05),but acetate in jejunum and ratio of acetate to propionate in colon were lower in Meishan piglets than in Yorkshire piglets(P 0.05). In conclusion, in early suckling period, significant differences exist in host metabolism and intestinal microbial metabolism between Meishan and Yorkshire piglets. 相似文献
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The efficiency of utilization of feed energy as digestible, metabolizable and net energy is similar in pregnant and lactating sows irrespective of the stage of these physiological conditions. This efficiency with the value of about 71% resembles the one found in the growing and fattening pigs, which enables us to use, for this category of animals, the same system offered evaluation and of the energy requirements based on fat nutritive units. The maintenance energy requirement expressed in ME varies from 467 kJ/kg 0.75 in pregnant sows to 512 kJ/kg 0.75 in lactating sows, for the suckling piglets having intermediary value of 498 kJ/kg 0.75. The efficiency of utilization of diets protein for maintenance and for synthesis is also similar for these categories of pigs, varying from 71% in lactating sows to 75-76% in pregnant sows. In suckling piglets we had recorded an efficiency of DCP utilization which varies parabolically with size of the ingesta and therefore with that of weight gain. The DCP maintenance requirement expressed in g N dig./kg 0.75 varies within narrow limits between 0.345 g N in suckling piglets 0.380 g N in pregnant sows; In lactating sows we have detected an intermediary value of 0.355 g N. Based on these experimental data and also using recent experimental results obtained by Schiemann and Beyer (1984) regarding the energy and N content of the foetuses, of the organs of reproductions and of milk, we could calculate the energy and protein requirements. These requirements when compared with the values used in our country show us higher values of energy in pregnant and lactating sows and lower values of protein for the same categories, including the piglets, where we have also found lower values for the energy too. 相似文献
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仔猪早期断奶在提高母猪利用率的同时也带来了其生长性能和抗病力的下降,因此早期断奶仔猪的健康生长在养猪业发展中具有重要意义。本文对早期断奶仔猪的生理特点和乳酸杆菌在断奶仔猪中的应用效果进行了综述。 相似文献
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旨在从体内与体外探究过量赖氨酸对断奶仔猪的影响。本试验选用144头杜×长×大三元杂交断奶仔猪，随机分为4组，每组6个重复，每个重复6头仔猪（3头阉公猪和3头母猪），各组在日粮中分别添加1.3%、2.6%、3.9%和5.2%的回肠标准可消化赖氨酸（standardized ileal digestibility lysine，SID Lys），观察其对于仔猪生长性能、器官指数以及生理生化等指标的影响。以IPEC-J2为体外模型，根据培养基与营养需要中氨基酸的种类与比例，添加赖氨酸及其他氨基酸，测定IPEC-J2细胞的增殖情况，并试图通过平衡氨基酸手段降低因过量添加赖氨酸造成的不利影响。结果显示，随着日粮SID Lys添加量的增加，断奶仔猪的生长性能显著下降（P<0.05），血浆平均红细胞血红蛋白含量（mean corpuscular hemoglobin，MCH）、部分血清游离氨基酸含量和肠道形态受到影响。当在培养基中添加2.0 mmol·L-1赖氨酸时，IPEC-J2细胞活力显著下降（P<0.05），培养基中原赖氨酸浓度（0.5 mmol·L-1）是IPEC-J2生长的最适浓度。当按照培养基中氨基酸平衡比例补充其他必需氨基酸时，细胞活力有一定程度的改善；当按照猪碱性氨基酸的最适比例补充相应浓度的精氨酸与组氨酸时，细胞活力随处理时间的变化而变化。综上所述，单独添加过多的赖氨酸对断奶仔猪的生长会产生负面作用，在生产实际应用中应充分考虑氨基酸之间的平衡。 相似文献
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An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of BW, feed intake, and the physiological condition of the animal on the loss and amino acid composition of endogenous protein in swine. Ten growing barrows and five multiparous sows were equipped with a T-cannula in the distal ileum for digesta collection. A protein-free diet was fed to all animals. The barrows were given free access to the experimental diet. The sows also were allowed to consume the diet on an ad libitum basis, and digesta were collected during lactation and in the following gestation period. In addition, digesta from the gravid sows were collected after restricting the sows to 2 kg of feed per day. For each animal group, the endogenous losses of protein and amino acids were calculated in relation to DMI, and the amino acid composition of endogenous protein was calculated. The total endogenous gut protein loss at the distal ileum of growing pigs, lactating sows, and gestating sows, given free access to feed, was 12.4, 9.4, and 11.2 g/kg DMI, respectively. These values were not different (P > .10). However, when gestating sows were fed only 2 kg/d, 17.8 g of endogenous protein was lost per kilogram of DMI, which was higher (P < .05) than for any of the other groups. This difference was mainly caused by higher (P < .05) losses of glycine, proline, and serine. There were no differences (P > .05) in amino acid composition of endogenous protein between growing pigs, lactating sows, and gestating sows given free access to feed, but restricted-fed gestating sows had an amino acid composition of endogenous protein that was significantly different from that of the other groups. The results from the experiment showed that age, BW, and the physiological condition of the animal have little or no effect on the amount of endogenous protein and amino acids lost at the distal ileum of hogs if calculated in relation to DMI. Likewise, the amino acid composition was not affected by the BW or physiological condition of the animal. However, DMI had a significant effect on endogenous protein losses in sows as well as on amino acid composition of endogenous protein. 相似文献
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《Livestock Production Science》1992,30(4):361-374
Cross fostering techniques were used to evaluate pre-natal (direct genetic and maternal) and post-natal (maternal) breed effects in Meishan and Dutch breeds on milk intake and growth of piglets during the suckling period and growth after weaning. Meishan as well as Dutch sows nursed mixed litters of Meishan and Dutch piglets. Birth weight of Dutch as compared to Meishan piglets was 56% higher. The effects of this birth weight difference on milk intake and growth of piglets were studied. Data on 44 mixed litters nursed by 21 Dutch and 23 Meishan sows were available.At an average birth weight difference, growth rate from birth to 21 and 21–35 d was 25 and 31% higher for Dutch than for Meishan piglets respectively, while milk intake per piglet at days 13 and 30 of lactation was 38 and 36% higher, respectively. Differences between Dutch and Meishan sows were small.Higher growth during the suckling period of Dutch as compared to Meishan piglets was mainly caused by their higher birth weight. Results indicate that Meishan sows have good maternal characteristics, i.e. significantly lower piglet mortality and the ability to raise also the heavier, more demanding Dutch piglets. 相似文献