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1.
为了解H9N2亚型禽流感病毒(AIV)的分子特征及其对家禽和哺乳动物小鼠的致病性,本研究对2020年分离到的两株H9N2亚型AIV:A/chicken/Jiangsu/S1625/2020(H9N2)(简称CK/JS/S1625/2020)株和A/duck/Sichuan/S1537/2020(H9N2)(简称DK/SC/S1537/2020)株,进行了基因组测序、序列分析及其对SPF鸡、鸭和BALB/c小鼠的致病力评价。同源性分析结果显示,两株病毒HA和NA基因的同源性分别为93.3%和95.8%,其编码氨基酸序列的同源性分别为95.4%和95.9%,同源性较低。且两株病毒HA蛋白裂解位点分别为~(333)PSRSSR↓GLF~(341)、~(333)PSRSNR↓GLF~(341),均不存在多个连续的碱性氨基酸,符合低致病性禽流感病毒(LPAIV)HA序列特征。两株病毒的HA蛋白均为典型的人源受体结合特征,即~(155)T、~(183)N和~(226)L。遗传演化分析结果显示,两株病毒的HA、NA基因均属于欧亚分支,但二者的亲缘关系较远。鸡感染性试验结果显示,CK/JS/S1625/2020株感染组鸡可通过喉头和泄殖腔向外界环境排毒。虽然在全部鸡的喉头中检测到了DK/SC/S1537/2020株,但仅在部分鸡的泄殖腔检测到了该病毒,且喉头的排毒量明显高于泄殖腔。鸡血清抗体检测结果显示,两株病毒感染鸡血清的HI抗体全部阳转,效价在1.128～1.2 048。表明,鸡源H9N2病毒比鸭源H9N2病毒在鸡体内的适应性和复制能力更强;鸭感染性试验结果显示,两株病毒均只能通过鸭的喉头向外界环境排毒,但病毒滴度均较低,且均不能在鸭体内有效复制;小鼠感染性试验结果显示,两株病毒仅能在小鼠的鼻甲中有效复制,而在小鼠的脑、脾脏和肾脏中均未检测到病毒。以上结果表明两株H9N2亚型AIV对家禽和小鼠均呈低致病力。本研究为进一步了解H9N2 AIV提供了一定的参考数据,有必要对自然界中传播的H9N2流感病毒持续监测和进化分析。  相似文献   

2.
为了解低致病性禽流感病毒(LPAIVs)在广西地区家禽中的流行情况,对广西地区活禽市场的家禽进行LPAIVs流行病学监测,分离鉴定出7株H6亚型禽流感病毒(AIV)。通过在广西地区活禽市场采集家禽咽喉和泄殖腔棉拭子样品,将其接种SPF鸡胚,收集尿囊液进行HA和HI试验,结果显示这7株只与H6亚型AIV的阳性血清发生反应,产生血凝抑制现象,初步鉴定为H6亚型AIV。通过HA和NA基因的克隆与测序鉴定,进一步确定为H6亚型AIV,与NA基因存在5种组合,包括H6N1、H6N2、H6N5、H6N6和H6N8。鸡致病性试验表明分离株可感染但不致死SPF鸡,并通过咽喉和泄殖腔排毒,结合HA裂解位点附近的氨基酸序列,表明所分离到的7株H6亚型AIV符合LPAIV的特征。  相似文献   

3.
2012年在我国重庆市活禽交易市场进行流行病学调查时,从鸭体内分离到1株H5N2亚型禽流感病毒(AIV),DK/CQ036/12(H5N2).为了解该株H5N2亚型AIV的生物学特性,本研究对其进行了全基因组分析及对SPF鸡和BALB/c小鼠的致病性试验.序列分析显示:HA裂解位点序列为341R-----346TRGLF350,为低致病性AIV特征.内部基因来源较复杂,与KD/CQ/036/12分离株的M基因NP基因同源性最高的病毒株均来自H4、H7等亚型分离株,呈明显的异源性.分离株的感染性试验显示,该分离株在鸡体内可以通过呼吸道和消化道向外排毒,但并不能在鸡体内有效的复制.对小鼠的感染性试验结果显示,仅在鼻甲和肺能检测到病毒存在,其他脏器病毒滴定结果为阴性,表明病毒对鸡和小鼠均呈低致病性.  相似文献   

4.
2018年对宁夏回族自治区沙湖自然保护区进行禽流感病毒(AIV)流行病学调查中,本研究室分离到一株H13N8亚型AIV。为了解这株H13N8亚型AIV生物学特性,本研究对其全基因组进行了测序及遗传演化分析。结果显示,该病毒HA和NA基因分别来自H13N6和H3N8亚型AIV,内部基因来源于H13N8、H6N2、H13N6、H13N2亚型AIV,是一株多亚型重组AIV,其HA蛋白碱性裂解位点氨基酸序列为ISNR↓GLF,为低致病AIV分子标志。关键氨基酸位点分析显示,其M1蛋白具有N30D和T215A的突变,NS1蛋白具有P42S、L98F和I101M的突变,表明其具有增强对哺乳动物致病性的潜在能力。SPF鸡的感染性试验显示,鸡感染该病毒后不能通过喉头或泄殖腔排毒,在感染鸡各脏器均不能有效复制,其感染鸡的潜在风险较小。本研究对禽流感的综合防控具有一定的指导意义。  相似文献   

5.
为了解2015年分离自我国四川省野鸟粪便中的两株H9N2亚型禽流感病毒(AIV)Wild Bird/SC/S1264/2015(H9N2)(WB/SC/264/15)和Wild Bird/SC/S1411/2015(H9N2)(WB/SC/411/15)的生物学特性,本研究对其进行了全基因组序列测定和BALB/c小鼠的感染性试验。序列分析结果显示:两个分离株的HA裂解位点基序均为333PSRSSR↓GL340,符合低致病性AIV(LPAIV)的氨基酸序列特征,HA蛋白受体结合位点处的第226以及228位氨基酸残基分别为谷氨酰胺(Q)和甘氨酸(G),具有结合禽源AIV受体的分子特征。内部基因片段来源复杂,呈现明显的基因多样性。BALB/c小鼠的感染性试验结果显示,这两个分离株只在小鼠的上呼吸道鼻甲中有效复制,小鼠体重变化轻微,未见明显临床症状。  相似文献   

6.
为了解从湖南省洞庭湖区鸭群中分离的2株H11N9亚型禽流感病毒变异特点、进化规律及生物学特性,本研究对2株H11N9亚型禽流感病毒的HA、NA序列进行同源性和遗传进化分析,并用2株毒株对SPF鸡进行致病性试验。结果显示,本试验分离到2株H11N9亚型禽流感毒株的HA裂解位点均没有多个连续的碱性氨基酸插入,属于低致病性毒株;HA基因的受体结合位点均非常保守,具有典型的禽源性特征;NA基因序列与在周边国家野鸟中分离的H11N9亚型毒株的氨基酸同源性较高;鼻腔接种SPF鸡后,均能使鸡感染并通过喉头或泄殖腔排毒,但感染的鸡均不表现明显的临床症状,并且不能使同居鸡感染排毒。  相似文献   

7.
为了解从湖南省洞庭湖区鸭群中分离的2株 H11N9亚型禽流感病毒变异特点、进化规律及生物学特性,本研究对2株H11N9亚型禽流感病毒的HA、NA序列进行同源性和遗传进化分析,并用2株毒株对SPF鸡进行致病性试验。结果显示,本试验分离到2株 H11N9亚型禽流感毒株的 HA裂解位点均没有多个连续的碱性氨基酸插入,属于低致病性毒株;HA基因的受体结合位点均非常保守,具有典型的禽源性特征;NA基因序列与在周边国家野鸟中分离的H11N9亚型毒株的氨基酸同源性较高;鼻腔接种SPF鸡后,均能使鸡感染并通过喉头或泄殖腔排毒,但感染的鸡均不表现明显的临床症状,并且不能使同居鸡感染排毒。  相似文献   

8.
本研究对2012年从湖南活禽市场中分离到的一株鸭源H8N4亚型禽流感病毒(AIV)A/duck/HuN/S3160/2012(H8N4)进行全基因组序列和进化分析,并对其进行SPF鸡、SPF鸭和BALB/c小鼠的致病性试验.序列分析显示:HA裂解位点序列为339pSIEPK ↓ GLF347,为典型的低致病性AIV特征.内部基因来源较复杂,HuN/160/12的PB1、NS基因分别与A/spot-billed duck/Xianghai/427/2011 (H5N2)和A/wild bird/Korea/A81/2009(H5N2)的同源性最高,其余内部基因同源性最高的病毒株来自H2、H3、H4、H7、H10等亚型分离株,呈现明显的异源性.感染性试验结果显示,病毒在SPF鸭体内可以通过呼吸道和消化道向外排毒,并且能够在气管、肾脏、盲肠扁桃体及法氏囊检测到病毒,而不能在鸡体内有效复制及排毒.对小鼠的感染性试验结果显示,仅在鼻甲和肺检测到病毒存在,其他脏器病毒滴定结果为阴性,体重呈一过性下降,表明该病毒为低致病性AIV.  相似文献   

9.
为了解H9N2亚型禽流感病毒(AIV)变异情况及评价作为H9亚型F株禽流感灭活疫苗的免疫效果,本研究对2009年～2010年期间从免疫鸡群中分离的9个H9N2亚型AIV株进行血凝素(HA)基因序列测定和分析。这9个病毒株HA基因编码区长度均为1 683 nt,HA基因核苷酸序列同源性为90.7%～98.9%,其推导氨基酸序列同源性为92.2%～98.8%;分离株与F株的HA基因之间的核苷酸序列同源性为91.6%～99.6%,氨基酸序列同源性为92.9%～99.3%;9个分离株与F株均属于Beijing/1/94-like进化分支,但分别属于3个不同的基因亚型。免疫试验结果显示:3周龄SPF鸡接种F株灭活疫苗21 d后,产生的HI抗体效价在log2 9以上;而且免疫鸡对分离株及F株攻毒后的喉头和泄殖腔排毒产生明显的抑制作用。本研究数据表明,F株灭活疫苗可以提供对这些分离株的有效免疫保护。  相似文献   

10.
为进一步了解2015年分离于我国新疆野鸟粪便中的一株H6N6亚型禽流感病毒(AIV)A/WB/XJ/S1541/2015(H6N6)的生物学特性,本研究对其进行了全基因组测序、遗传演化分析以及BALB/c小鼠的感染性试验。序列分析结果显示:该分离株HA蛋白裂解位点的氨基酸序列为~(339)PQIETR↓GL~(346),仅有1个碱性氨基酸,具有低致病性AIV的分子特征。此外,分离株表面基因HA、NA均与一株H6N6亚型猪流感病毒A/swine/Guangdong/K6/2010高度同源,而内部基因均与H6N6亚型AIV A/pigeon/Guangxi/161/2014(H6N6)高度同源,提示该分离株基因来源的多样性。小鼠的感染性试验结果显示:该病毒可在小鼠的肺脏和鼻甲中有效复制,病毒滴度分别为5.33 log_(10) EID_(50)/mL、4.50 log10EID50/m L,提示其具有感染哺乳动物的潜在风险。本研究结果为H6亚型AIV的持续性监测和相关生物学特性的研究奠定基础。  相似文献   

11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。  相似文献   

12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.  相似文献   

13.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

14.
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.  相似文献   

15.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

16.
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.  相似文献   

17.
The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma.  相似文献   

18.
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.  相似文献   

19.
The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.  相似文献   

20.
Comparison of different tests to diagnose feline infectious peritonitis   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
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