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精氨酸是仔猪体内的必需氨基酸，对仔猪有重要的营养生理功能和免疫调节作用。本文从研究精氨酸的生物学功能入手，综述了精氨酸的内源合成，仔猪对精氨酸的需要，精氨酸对仔猪的营养及免疫作用。 相似文献
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精氨酸是目前发现的动物细胞内功能最多的氨基酸,几乎哺乳动物机体中所有组织均利用L-Arg合成细胞浆蛋白和核蛋白,L-Arg在细胞分裂、伤口复原、蛋白质合成和分泌激素等生理过程起着重要的作用。精氨酸作为必需氨基酸,在怀孕母猪和幼龄仔猪及猪在病理状况下,内源合成不能满足其需要。根据传统的营养标准(NRC1998)配制的日粮,精氨酸不能满足猪的需求,额外添加精氨酸可提高猪的生产性能。由于精氨酸与赖氨酸、色氨酸、组氨酸的吸收存在拮抗效应及价格昂贵,限制了精氨酸的使用。精氨酸生素可激活从谷氨酰胺和脯氨酸生成精氨酸的生化过程,促进精氨酸的内源生成。日粮添加精氨酸或者精氨酸生素,均有助于提高妊娠母猪的产活仔数及出生窝重、提高哺乳仔猪的增重及减少断奶应激。文中就精氨酸的代谢、调控及精氨酸和精氨酸生素在猪营养中的应用,特别是精氨酸与胚胎发育、新生动物蛋白合成和生长、仔猪肠道健康和疾病感染调控等方面的研究成果作一综述。 相似文献
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精氨酸不仅参与机体内多种营养物质的合成和分解代谢,还作为一种营养调节剂对仔猪生长发育产生影响。本文就精氨酸的理化性质、合成和分解代谢及其对仔猪营养调节的影响进行了综述。 相似文献
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精氨酸不仅参与机体内多种营养物质的合成和分解代谢,还作为一种营养调节剂对仔猪生长发育产生影响。本文就精氨酸的理化性质、合成和分解代谢及其对仔猪营养调节的影响进行了综述。 相似文献
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试验旨在探讨仔猪在断奶后2周内日粮中添加精氨酸内源合成激活剂:N-氨甲酰谷氨酸(NCG)对精氨酸内源合成、肠道形态以及生长性能的影响。试验选取23±3日龄健康断奶阉公猪(杜×长×大)180头,并按体重、窝别等随机分为3个处理,处理1:对照组,饲喂基础日粮;处理2:精氨酸组,基础日粮添加1%L-精氨酸,处理3:NCG组,基础日粮添加0.05%NCG;每个处理6个重复(圈),每圈10头。试验末每圈选取1头仔猪采血并屠宰取空肠中段,测定血浆精氨酸浓度、血浆生长激素浓度以及空肠形态。经过试验,得出以下结论,断奶仔猪日粮中添加N-氨甲酰谷氨酸(NCG)可以改善断奶仔猪的生长,并不是通过提高采食量来实现的,而是通过增加内源精氨酸合成,提高血浆生长激素水平,以及恢复小肠形态等方面作用,最终促进断奶仔猪生长。 相似文献
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Tércia Cesária Reis de Souza Araceli Aguilera Barreyro Gerardo Mariscal-Landín 《畜牧与生物技术杂志(英文版)》2014,(1):74-79
Background： Many studies have investigated endogenous loss of proteins and amino acids （AAs） at the ileal level in growing pigs. However, only a few studies have researched this subject in piglets. Knowledge regarding AA ileal digestibility in piglets would be helpful during the formulation of diets for weaning piglets, rather than just using coefficients obtained in growing pigs. Therefore, in this study, we sought to estimate endogenous protein and AA ileal losses in piglets. Furthermore, apparent and true ileal digestibility （AID and TID） of protein and AAs from casein were measured. Results： The average flow of protein was 20.8 g/kg of dry matter intake （DMI）. Basal protein loss, as estimated by regression, was 16.9 g/kg DMI. Glutamic acid, arginine, and aspartic acid （2.2, 1.4, and 1.2 g/kg DMI, respectively） were the AAs for which greater losses were seen. The AID of protein and AAs increased as the protein level in the diet increased. A higher increment in AID was observed between diets with 80 and160 g CP/kg of feed; this finding was mainly attributable to increases in glycine and arginine （46.1% and 18%, respectively）. The TID of protein was 97.8, and the TID of AAs varied from 93.9 for histidine to 100.2 for phenylalanine. Conclusions： The basal endogenous protein loss in piglets was 16.9 g/kg DMI. Endogenous protein was rich in glutamic acid, aspartic acid, and arginine, which represented 32.7% of endogenous protein loss in weaning piglets. The TID of casein was high and varied from 93.0 for histidine to 100.2 for phenylalanine. 相似文献
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Tércia Cesária Reis de Souza Araceli Aguilera Barreyro Gerardo Mariscal-Landín 《畜牧与生物技术杂志(英文版)》2013,4(1):36
Background
Many studies have investigated endogenous loss of proteins and amino acids (AAs) at the ileal level in growing pigs. However, only a few studies have researched this subject in piglets. Knowledge regarding AA ileal digestibility in piglets would be helpful during the formulation of diets for weaning piglets, rather than just using coefficients obtained in growing pigs. Therefore, in this study, we sought to estimate endogenous protein and AA ileal losses in piglets. Furthermore, apparent and true ileal digestibility (AID and TID) of protein and AAs from casein were measured.Results
The average flow of protein was 20.8 g/kg of dry matter intake (DMI). Basal protein loss, as estimated by regression, was 16.9 g/kg DMI. Glutamic acid, arginine, and aspartic acid (2.2, 1.4, and 1.2 g/kg DMI, respectively) were the AAs for which greater losses were seen. The AID of protein and AAs increased as the protein level in the diet increased. A higher increment in AID was observed between diets with 80 and160 g CP/kg of feed; this finding was mainly attributable to increases in glycine and arginine (46.1% and 18%, respectively). The TID of protein was 97.8, and the TID of AAs varied from 93.9 for histidine to 100.2 for phenylalanine.Conclusions
The basal endogenous protein loss in piglets was 16.9 g/kg DMI. Endogenous protein was rich in glutamic acid, aspartic acid, and arginine, which represented 32.7% of endogenous protein loss in weaning piglets. The TID of casein was high and varied from 93.0 for histidine to 100.2 for phenylalanine. 相似文献13.
Kristine L. Urschel Amanda R. Evans Paul B. Pencharz Ronald O. Ball 《Livestock Science》2007,108(1-3):41-44
Parenteral feeding can be used to induce intestinal atrophy in piglets, and this atrophy is believed to be associated with the inability of parenterally-fed piglets to maintain arginine status via synthesis. Glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2) has been shown to maintain intestinal structure and blood flow during intravenous feeding. GLP-2 infusion was hypothesized to increase the rate of endogenous arginine synthesis from proline in parenterally-fed piglets receiving an arginine deficient diet. Male piglets (n = 10, 1.5–2.0 kg), fitted with jugular vein catheters for diet and isotope infusion, and femoral vein catheters for blood sampling (d 0), were allocated to a continuous infusion of either GLP-2 (10 nmol/kg/d) or saline into the jugular vein. Piglets received 2 d of a complete diet, followed by 5 d of an arginine deficient (0.60 g/kg/d) diet. A primed, constant infusion of [guanido-14C]arginine measured arginine flux (d 6), and of [U-14C]proline (d 7) measured proline conversion to arginine. There were no differences between groups in plasma ammonia, urea and arginine concentrations and arginine flux. Piglets receiving GLP-2 had a greater jejunal mucosal mass (P = 0.003) and a two-fold greater rate of arginine synthesis from proline (P = 0.03). This study indicates that the intestinal metabolism of circulating precursors may be important for arginine synthesis in parenterally-fed neonates. 相似文献
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功能性氯基酸——精氦酸（Arg）具有重要的生理、代谢和营养作用,几乎机体中所有组织均利用Arg合成胞浆蛋白和核蛋白,精氨酸在促进肌肉蛋白质合成、增强机体的免疫力、细胞分裂、伤口复尿和激素分泌等各种生理过程中,也都有着重要的角色。Arg为条件性必需氨基酸,在应激状态下和特殊生长阶段,为必需氨基酸,仔猪体内合成的精氨酸不能满足生理代谢需要。但是精氨酸的吸收与赖氨酸等桔抗,因此,对精氨酸及其内源性合成调控研究具有极大的应用价值和实践意义。精氨酸生素（Arginineactivatoradditive,AAA）是N-乙酰谷氨酸（N-acetylglutamate,NAG）的类似物,作为一种新型的功能性氨基酸,可以有效调控内源性精氨酸合成,进而促进动物生长性能。本文就精氨酸和精氨酸生素特别是其对机体内源性精氨酸合成调控及其在仔猪和母猪中的研究进展与应用作一综述。 相似文献
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In a previous study, ornithine addition to an arginine-deficient diet did not improve whole-body arginine status in enterally-fed piglets; however, the metabolic fates of the supplemental ornithine were not studied. This experiment determined the metabolic fates of the supplemental ornithine and whether ornithine metabolism was affected by the addition of -ketoglutarate. Male piglets (n = 20, 1.8 kg), fitted with gastric catheters for diet and isotope infusion, portal vein catheters for isotope infusion and femoral vein catheters for blood sampling (d 0), received 2 d of a complete diet, followed by 5 d of 1 of 4 test diets: the arginine-deficient diet (basal), or the basal diet with either -ketoglutarate [ + - KG; 4.6 mmol/(kg d)], ornithine [ + Orn; 9.2 mmol/(kg d)] or both [ + - KG/ + Orn; 4.6 mmol/(kg d) - ketoglutarate + 9.2 mmol/(kg d) ornithine]. Piglets received primed, constant infusions of [1-14C]ornithine infused intragastrically (either d 5 and d 7) to determine ornithine kinetics, and [guanido-14C]arginine intragastrically to measure arginine flux (d 6). Piglets receiving the ornithine-containing diets had a higher intragastric ornithine flux (P < 0.0001) and ornithine oxidation (P < 0.05). Ornithine supplementation did not increase arginine synthesis, although the ornithine supplemented piglets had a greater conversion of ornithine to proline (P < 0.0001). The fates of supplemental ornithine in piglets fed an arginine-deficient diet appear to be oxidation and proline synthesis; this was not affected by the presence of -ketoglutarate. 相似文献
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Postnatal changes of plasma amino acids in suckling pigs 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
Amino acids, ammonia, urea, orotate, and nitrate plus nitrite (stable oxidation products of nitric oxide) were determined in plasma of 1- to 21-d-old suckling pigs. Jugular venous blood samples were obtained from pigs at 1, 3, 7, 14, and 21 d of age for analysis of plasma amino acids and metabolites by HPLC and enzymatic methods. Plasma concentrations of arginine and its immediate precursors (citrulline and ornithine) decreased (P < 0.01) progressively (20 to 41%) with increasing age from 3 to 14 d. Plasma concentrations of glutamine declined (P < 0.01) progressively (10 to 31%) during the 1st wk of life. Plasma concentrations of branched-chain amino acids, threonine, and alanine decreased (P < 0.01) (5 to 12%) in 14- and 21-d-old pigs, compared with 1- and 3-d-old pigs. There were no postnatal changes (P > 0.05) in plasma concentrations of other amino acids. Plasma concentrations of ammonia increased (P < 0.01) by 18 and 46%, whereas those of nitrate plus nitrite decreased (P < 0.01) by 16 and 29%, in 7- and 14-d-old pigs, respectively, compared with 1- to 3-d-old pigs. Because arginine plays a crucial role in ammonia detoxification via the hepatic urea cycle and is the physiological substrate for nitric oxide synthesis, our results of the decreased plasma concentrations of arginine and nitrate plus nitrite, as well as the increased plasma ammonia concentration, indicate a hitherto unrecognized deficiency of arginine in 7- to 21-d-old suckling pigs. Arginine is an essential amino acid for piglets and has a great potential to enhance neonatal growth; therefore, further studies are necessary to elucidate the mechanism responsible for arginine deficiency in sow-reared piglets and to identify hormonal and metabolic means for improving neonatal arginine nutrition and growth. 相似文献
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R Kastel V Revajová D Magic J Pistl M Levkut L Bindas J Sajbidor M Horváth 《Acta veterinaria Hungarica》1999,47(3):325-334
Oral administration of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) to piglets slightly enhances the immune response. As compared to the control, in the experimental piglets the absolute values of monocytes in the peripheral blood were significantly increased (P < 0.05), while the metabolic activity of phagocytes and the number of lymphocytes within the individual subpopulations were slightly higher. The level of growth factors, determined on the basis of somatomedin in the blood serum, was significantly higher in the experimental group (P < 0.05). n-3 PUFA interfere with the synthesis of prostaglandins and influence the metabolism of fatty acids. This finding may contribute to the therapy of inflammatory processes influencing immune and growth factors in piglets. 相似文献